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Luo H, Yang K, Ji L, Kong L, Lu W. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Combined with Integrated Learning to Identify Soybean Oil with Different Frying Durations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094247. [PMID: 37177451 PMCID: PMC10180832 DOI: 10.3390/s23094247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean oil produces harmful substances after long durations of frying. A rapid and nondestructive identification approach for soybean oil was proposed based on photoacoustic spectroscopy and stacking integrated learning. Firstly, a self-designed photoacoustic spectrometer was built for spectral data collection of soybean oil with various frying times. At the same time, the actual free fatty acid content and acid value in soybean oil were measured by the traditional titration experiment, which were the basis for soybean oil quality detection. Next, to eliminate the influence of noise, the spectrum from 1150 cm-1 to 3450 cm-1 was selected to remove noise by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Then three dimensionality reduction methods of principal component analysis, successive projection algorithm, and competitive adaptive reweighting algorithm were used to reduce the dimension of spectral information to extract the characteristic wavelength. Finally, an integrated model with three weak classifications was used for soybean oil detection by stacking integrated learning. The results showed that three obvious absorption peaks existed at 1747 cm-1, 2858 cm-1, and 2927 cm-1 for soluble sugars and unsaturated oils, and the model based on stacking integrated learning could improve the classification accuracy from 0.9499 to 0.9846. The results prove that photoacoustic spectroscopy has a good detection ability for edible oil quality detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Lili Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
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Interaction of the Nanoparticles and Plants in Selective Growth Stages—Usual Effects and Resulting Impact on Usage Perspectives. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182405. [PMID: 36145807 PMCID: PMC9502563 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies have received tremendous attention since their discovery. The current studies show a high application potential of nanoparticles for plant treatments, where the general properties of nanoparticles such as their lower concentrations for an appropriate effects, the gradual release of nanoparticle-based nutrients or their antimicrobial effect are especially useful. The presented review, after the general introduction, analyzes the mechanisms that are described so far in the uptake and movement of nanoparticles in plants. The following part evaluates the available literature on the application of nanoparticles in the selective growth stage, namely, it compares the observed effect that they have when they are applied to seeds (nanopriming), to seedlings or adult plants. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is evident that the most common beneficial effects of nanopriming are the improved parameters for seed germination, the reduced contamination by plant pathogens and the higher stress tolerance that they generate. In the case of plant treatments, the most common applications are for the purpose of generating protection against plant pathogens, but better growth and better tolerance to stresses are also frequently observed. Hypotheses explaining these observed effects were also mapped, where, e.g., the influence that they have on photosynthesis parameters is described as a frequent growth-improving factor. From the consortium of the used nanoparticles, those that were most frequently applied included the principal components that were derived from zinc, iron, copper and silver. This observation implies that the beneficial effect that nanoparticles have is not necessarily based on the nutritional supply that comes from the used metal ions, as they can induce these beneficial physiological changes in the treated cells by other means. Finally, a critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the wider use of nanoparticles in practice is presented.
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Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137422. [PMID: 35806426 PMCID: PMC9266667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer.
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Gracheva M, Homonnay Z, Singh A, Fodor F, Marosi VB, Solti Á, Kovács K. New aspects of the photodegradation of iron(III) citrate: spectroscopic studies and plant-related factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:983-996. [PMID: 35199321 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential cofactor for all livings. Although Fe membrane transport mechanisms often utilize FeII, uncoordinated or deliberated ferrous ions can initiate Fenton reactions. FeIII citrate complexes are among the most important complexed forms of FeIII especially in plants that, indeed, can undergo photoreduction. Since leaves as photosynthetic organs of higher plants are generally exposed to illumination in daytime, photoreaction of ferric species may have biological relevance in iron metabolism, the relevance of which is poorly understood. In present work FeIII citrate transformation during the photodegradation in solution and after foliar application on leaves was studied by Mössbauer analysis directly. To obtain irradiation time dependence of the speciation of iron in solutions, four model solutions of different pH values (1.5, 3.3, 5.5, and 7.0) with Fe to citrate molar ratio 1:1.1 were exposed to light. Highly acidic conditions led to a complete reduction of Fe together with the formation of FeII citrate and hexaaqua complexes in equal concentration. At higher pH, the only product of the photodegradation was FeII citrate, which was later reoxidized and polymerized, resulting in the formation of polynuclear stable ferric compound. To test biological relevance, leaves of cabbage were treated with FeIII citrate solution. X-ray fluorescence imaging indicated the accumulation of Fe in the treated leaf parts. Mössbauer analysis revealed the presence of several ferric species incorporated into the biological structure. The Fe speciation observed should be considered in biological systems where FeIII citrate has a ubiquitous role in Fe acquisition and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gracheva
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Hevesy György Doctoral School of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Homonnay
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fodor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Vanda B Marosi
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovács
- Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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