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AlSalem HS, Alharbi SN, Al-Goul ST, Salman BI, Hassan YF, Abdel-Lateef MA. Design of new boron-doped carbon dots for nano-level assay of nebivolol in human plasma and commercial products; Application to greenness assessments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124470. [PMID: 38761476 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Recently, nanomaterials have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential as effective fluorescent nano-sensor probes. They were distinguishing substitutes for other luminescent techniques, such as fluorescent dyes and luminous derivatization, because of their affordability, environmental friendliness, and special photocatalytic properties. In the suggested work, a straightforward method was used to create boron and nitrogen carbon dots (B@CDs) with a good quantum yield value of 31.15 % utilizing boric acid and di-sodium EDTA. For the purpose of characterizing QDs, a variety of instruments were employed, such as transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray FTIR, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Nebivolol (NEB) is a cardiovascular medication used globally to treat congestive heart failure and hypertension, is in the meantime. For this reason, a brand-new, environmentally friendly analytical technique was created to determine the amount of human plasma, uniformity test, and commercial nebivolol (NEB) tablets. After gradually adding NEB, the response of B@CQDs was enhanced at 438 nm (excitation at 371 nm). The calibration graph ranged between 20 and 500 ng mL-1 with a quantification limit (LOQ) of 2.50 ng mL-1 and a detection limit (LOD) of 0.82 ng mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Naif Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Talal Al-Goul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baher I Salman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Yasser F Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
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Magdy R, Fares NV, Farouk M, Hemdan A. A Novel, Sustainable, and Eco-Friendly Spectrophotometric and Chemometric Approach for Determination of Severely Overlapped Spectrum via Unified Regression Equation: Greenness and Whiteness Assessment. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1348-1360. [PMID: 36924427 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nebivolol and valsartan (VAL) in combination with each other successfully control blood pressure and improve hypertension patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate innovative, simple, and sustainable spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous analysis of nebivolol and valsartan. METHOD The new modified difference amplitude modulation (MD-AM) method uses only unified regression equation and does not require any resolution techniques. Other different approaches were also applied for the determination of the same mixture including univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods. The multivariate methods were PLS and PCR, whereas the univariate methods were derivative ratio (DD1), ratio difference (RD), constant center (CC), constant center spectrum subtraction (CC-SS), constant value coupled with amplitude difference (CV-AD), advanced concentration value (ACV), and amplitude difference (AD). The proposed methods use a green solvent; thus, the environmental impact of the presented procedures was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using six well-known evaluation tools. RESULTS All methods were applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in their bulk powder, pharmaceutical dosage form Byvalson®, and in vitro release at intestinal pH (7.4) using a USP dissolution tester. Results obtained were compared statistically with the reported method and with each other using a one-way ANOVA statistical test, and no significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS All green and white analytical chemistry evaluation tools results confirm the safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of the approaches, indicating that the methods are regarded green and sustainable. Results were agreeable, encouraging their applicability in quality control laboratories for dosage form and making these methods an eco-friendly substitute for the analysis of this combined dosage form and for evaluating the dissolution profile. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, a severely overlapped spectrum was determined using a unified regression equation without the need of extended part or zero contribution regions by the novel method MD-AM. The proposed methods are the first study of in vitro dissolution profiling of nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB) and VAL and the first sustainable and green methods applied without compromising the analytical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Ahram Canadian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Nermine V Fares
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hemdan
- Ahram Canadian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
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Salim MM, Radwan AS, Hadad GM, Belal F, Elkhoudary MM. Green fluorometric strategy for simultaneous determination of the antihypertensive drug telmisartan (A tentative therapeutic for COVID-19) with Nebivolol in human plasma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3576. [PMID: 36864220 PMCID: PMC9980868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL) and Nebivolol (NEB) are frequently co-formulated in a single dosage form that is frequently prescribed for the treatment of hypertension, moreover, telmisartan is currently proposed to be used to treat COVID19-induced lung inflammation. Green rapid, simple, and sensitive synchronous spectrofluorimetric techniques for simultaneous estimation of TEL and NEB in their co-formulated pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma were developed and validated. Synchronous fluorescence intensity at 335 nm was used for TEL determination (Method I). For the mixture, the first derivative synchronous peak amplitudes (D1) at 296.3 and 320.5 nm were used for simultaneous estimation of NEB and TEL, respectively (Method II). The calibration plots were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 30-550 ng/mL, and 50-800 ng/mL for NEB and TEL, respectively. The high sensitivity of the developed methods allowed for their analysis in human plasma samples. NEB`s Quantum yield was estimated by applying the single-point method. The greenness of the proposed approaches was evaluated using the Eco-scale, National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University- Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Aya Saad Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University- Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Hadad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fathalla Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elkhoudary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University- Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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İpek Y, Koçak B. Novel electrochemical sensor of nebivolol drug used for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hemdan A, Magdy R, Farouk M, Fares NV. Central composite design as an analytical optimization tool for the development of eco-friendly HPLC-PDA methods for two antihypertensive mixtures containing the angiotensin receptor blocker Valsartan: Greenness assessment by four evaluation tools. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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El-Sayed HM, El-Abassy OM, Abdellatef HE, Hendawy HAM, Ibrahim H. Green Spectrophotometric Platforms for Resolving Overlapped Spectral Signals of Recently Approved Antiparkinsonian Drug (Safinamide) in the Presence of Its Synthetic Precursor (4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde): Applying Ecological Appraisal and Comparative Statistical Studies. J AOAC Int 2022; 106:26-33. [PMID: 36214622 PMCID: PMC9619678 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safinamide, a highly specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B, is a new approved prodigious therapy used to cure Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE Before marketing and selling a medicine, manufacturers must guarantee that the manufacturing process is consistent by monitoring levels of process-related chemicals and drug contaminants. Therefore, five precise, fast, and accurate spectrophotometric techniques were employed and evaluated for the simultaneous measurement of safinamide and its synthetic precursor, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. METHODS The first derivative, derivative ratio, ratio difference, dual wavelength, and Fourier self-deconvolution methods worked well to resolve spectral overlap of safinamide and its synthetic precursor, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. RESULTS Safinamide detection limits ranged from 0.598 to 1.315 µg/mL, whereas the 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde detection limit was found to be as low as 0.327 µg/mL. CONCLUSION According to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) criteria, all procedures were verified and confirmed to be accurate, robust, repeatable, and precise within reasonable range. No considerable variation was found when comparing the outcomes of the suggested approaches to the findings of previously published methods. The ecological value of established methods was measured: the national environmental methods index (NEMI), the analytical eco-scale, the analytical greenness metric (AGREE), and the green analytical process index (GAPI) were used. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first spectrophotometric determination of safinamide drug in the presence of its synthetic precursor. Five simple and efficient spectrophotometric approaches were employed to determine a newly approved antiparkinsonian drug in the presence of its synthetic precursor simultaneously. Ecological appraisal was performed for the developed methods using four assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M El-Sayed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Omar M El-Abassy
- Corresponding author: Correspondence to Omar M El-Abassy, Teaching assistant of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt. E-mail:
| | - Hisham Ezzat Abdellatef
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hassan A M Hendawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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Taha AM, Said RAM, Mousa IS, Elsayed TM. Simultaneous determination of ofloxacin and bromfenac in combined dosage form using four different spectrophotometric methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 273:121066. [PMID: 35231759 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Four simple, precise, accurate and validated spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of ofloxacin (OFL) and bromfenac sodium (BROM). Firstly, first and second derivative spectrophotometric methods (1D &2D) using a zero-crossing technique utilizing 309.3 and 257.5 nm for OFL and 290.7 and 246.5 nm for BROM as optimum working wavelengths in a binary mixture, respectively. Secondly, the first derivative ratio spectrophotometric method (1DD) in which peak amplitudes at 297.3 nm and 260.7 nm were chosen to simultaneously estimate OFL and BROM, respectively. Thirdly, dual wavelength (DW) method based on two selected wavelengths for each drug in such a way that the difference in absorbance is zero for the second one. At wavelengths 296.4, 348.4 nm BROM has equal absorbance values, therefore, these two wavelengths have been used to determine OFL. Similarly, 271.7 nm and 313.1 nm were selected to determine BROM in the combined formulation. Finally, the fourth method depends on ratio difference spectrophotometry (RDSM), in which the difference between amplitudes at 305.6 nm and 326.5 nm on the ratio spectrum of the mixture was directly proportional to the concentration of OFL; independent of the interfering components. Similarly, the difference between amplitudes at 265.1 nm and 275.4 nm on the ratio spectrum was used for the determination of BROM. The linearity was confirmed in the range of 4 - 18 µg/ml for OFL and BROM for the four methods. The proposed methods were used to determine both drugs in their laboratory prepared mixture and combined formulation with mean percentage recoveries of 99.41 ± 1.35% for OFL and 99.98 ± 1.30 % for BROM in method (A). In method (B), the mean percentage recoveries were 101.70 ± 1.61% for OFL and 101.90 ± 1.45% for BROM. In method (C) OFL was 99.57 ± 1.61% and 100.90 ± 1.62% for BROM. Finally, in method (D) the mean percentage recoveries were 99.37 ± 1.67% for OFL and 100.70 ± 1.59% for BROM. The developed methods were successfully employed for determination of OFL and BROM in laboratory prepared mixtures and combined formulation showing satisfactory recoveries. Methods validation was performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The obtained results conformed to the accepted ranges of recovery, precision and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Taha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Ragab A M Said
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S Mousa
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Elsayed
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt.
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Zeid AM, Aboshabana R, Ibrahim FA. First-order derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of two antihypertensive drugs, metolazone and valsartan, in pharmaceutical and biological matrices. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120591. [PMID: 34789407 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a facile, rapid, and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was evolved to analyse two antihypertensive drugs, namely, metolazone (MTZ) and valsartan (VST), in pharmaceutical and biological matrices. Both analytes exhibited intrinsic fluorescence activities which were significantly affected by environmental factors such as pH and solvent systems. However, simultaneous determination of MTZ and VST by conventional spectrofluorometry cannot be achieved simply because of the strong overlap between their fluorescence spectra. Thus, a combination of derivative and synchronous spectrofluorometry was conducted to overcome this dilemma. The proposed method relies on measurement of the first-order derivative of synchronous fluorescence intensity of the studied drugs at Δλ = 160 nm using 0.1 M acetic acid as the optimum solvent. The amplitudes of the first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectra of MTZ and VST were recorded at 236.0 nm (zero-crossing point of VST) and at 262.8 nm (zero-crossing point of MTZ) for simultaneous analysis of MTZ and VST, respectively. The fluorescent method was optimized efficiently to get the maximum selectivity and sensitivity by investigating different solvents, different buffer pHs, and different surfactants. The highest sensitivity and selectivity were achieved when 0.1 M acetic acid was used as a solvent. The method showed a linear concentration range of 10.0-100.0 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of <3.0 ng mL-1 for each analyte. Statistical data analysis confirmed that no significant difference between the proposed spectrofluorometric method and the reference methods. The validity of the proposed spectrofluorometric method approved its suitability for quality control work. The proposed spectrofluorometric method was applied to assay the studied drugs in pharmaceutical dosage and in biological matrices with acceptable %recoveries and small RSD values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Zeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Aboshabana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Attala K, Abd El-Hay SS, El-Henawee MM, Eissa MS. Spectral analysis of severely overlapping spectra based on newly developed mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations: An application to the concurrent determination of dapoxetine and sildenafil in combined dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119715. [PMID: 33799188 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dapoxetine hydrochloride (DAP) and sildenafil citrate (SIL) have proven clinically effective in the treatment of comorbid conditions like erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. The analysis of DAP and SIL combinations represents a challenge because of the severe overlap of these compounds' spectra. Six newly developed methods were proven effective for resolving such a challenging overlap. They also exhibited the advantage of simplicity as they depend on the zero-order spectrum and only require simple mathematical handling. OBJECTIVE We suggested six simple, precise, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods based on mathematical filtration techniques and ratio spectra manipulations to resolve the spectra of DAP and SIL in their bulk and combined pharmaceutical dosage form and estimate the relevant individual concentrations. METHODS The first three methods were based on the zero-order range and involved modest mathematical manipulations. They are the induced dual-wavelength, Fourier self-deconvolution, and absorptivity factor spectrophotometric methods. Three other methods that are based on ratio spectra manipulation were developed: ratio difference, mean centering of the ratio spectra, and derivative ratio spectrum. RESULTS We determined the performance of the suggested methods for estimating DAP and SIL in their laboratory mixtures and their combined pharmaceutical dosage form. The linear ranges for DAP and SIL were 1-40 µg/ml and 2-60 µg/ml, respectively. The detection limits were in the 0.18-1.10 µg/ml range for DAP and in the 0.68-1.11 µg/ml range for SIL. The developed methods were validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, detection limit, quantitation limit, selectivity, precision, and accuracy. Normal probability, interval, and Tukey's simultaneous significant difference plots were utilized to confirm and better visualize the analysis of variance test results. Statistically, no significant difference was observed to exist between results obtained from the hereby developed and the previously reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Attala
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Soad S Abd El-Hay
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Magda M El-Henawee
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Maya S Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
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