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Hussein M, Ali M, Abdelghaffar M, Yassien A, Gomaa R, Assad R, Magdy R. Frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache attributed to acute ischemic stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1000-1007. [PMID: 37541931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although headache is a common symptom in acute ischemic stroke, the clinical and radiological factors associated with its occurrence are controversial. This work aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache occurrence among patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The patients were submitted to detailed history taking, clinical and radiological assessment. A detailed analysis of headache was performed for the patients who experienced headache temporally related to stroke onset. RESULTS Diagnosis of headache attributed to the ischemic stroke was established in 129 (42.6%) patients; sentinel headache in 17.2% of patients, and headache at stroke onset in 25.4% of patients. The headache group had a significantly younger age (P=0.017), lower NIHSS score (P=0.042), higher frequency of pre-existing headache disorders (P=0.001), substance use disorder (P=0.021), and fever (P=0.036), and lower frequency of chronic hypertension (P=0.013) and small vessel disease (P=0.004) than non-headache group. Infarction involving posterior circulation was more frequent in headache than in non-headache groups (P=0.003). The presence of migraine, tension-type headache, other types of headache, fever and posterior circulation stroke increased the odds of headache by 27.4 (95%CI=8.0-94.4), 7.6 (95%CI=3.93-14.6), 26.2 (95%CI=8.0-85.8), 3.75 (95%CI=1.22-11.6) and 3.15 (95%CI=1.65-6.0) times, respectively, whereas, the presence of small vessel disease decreased the odds of headache by 0.51 (95%CI=0.279-0.95) times. CONCLUSION Pre-existing headache disorder, fever, and posterior circulation stroke were associated with headache occurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussein
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Abdelghaffar
- Department of Neurology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - A Yassien
- Department of Critical care medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Gomaa
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Assad
- Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - R Magdy
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Magdy R, Fares NV, Farouk M, Hemdan A. A Novel, Sustainable, and Eco-Friendly Spectrophotometric and Chemometric Approach for Determination of Severely Overlapped Spectrum via Unified Regression Equation: Greenness and Whiteness Assessment. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1348-1360. [PMID: 36924427 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nebivolol and valsartan (VAL) in combination with each other successfully control blood pressure and improve hypertension patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate innovative, simple, and sustainable spectrophotometric methods for the simultaneous analysis of nebivolol and valsartan. METHOD The new modified difference amplitude modulation (MD-AM) method uses only unified regression equation and does not require any resolution techniques. Other different approaches were also applied for the determination of the same mixture including univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods. The multivariate methods were PLS and PCR, whereas the univariate methods were derivative ratio (DD1), ratio difference (RD), constant center (CC), constant center spectrum subtraction (CC-SS), constant value coupled with amplitude difference (CV-AD), advanced concentration value (ACV), and amplitude difference (AD). The proposed methods use a green solvent; thus, the environmental impact of the presented procedures was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using six well-known evaluation tools. RESULTS All methods were applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in their bulk powder, pharmaceutical dosage form Byvalson®, and in vitro release at intestinal pH (7.4) using a USP dissolution tester. Results obtained were compared statistically with the reported method and with each other using a one-way ANOVA statistical test, and no significant differences were found. CONCLUSIONS All green and white analytical chemistry evaluation tools results confirm the safety, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of the approaches, indicating that the methods are regarded green and sustainable. Results were agreeable, encouraging their applicability in quality control laboratories for dosage form and making these methods an eco-friendly substitute for the analysis of this combined dosage form and for evaluating the dissolution profile. HIGHLIGHTS For the first time, a severely overlapped spectrum was determined using a unified regression equation without the need of extended part or zero contribution regions by the novel method MD-AM. The proposed methods are the first study of in vitro dissolution profiling of nebivolol hydrochloride (NEB) and VAL and the first sustainable and green methods applied without compromising the analytical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Ahram Canadian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Nermine V Fares
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hemdan
- Ahram Canadian University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo 12556, Egypt
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Hemdan A, Magdy R, Farouk M, Fares NV. Central composite design as an analytical optimization tool for the development of eco-friendly HPLC-PDA methods for two antihypertensive mixtures containing the angiotensin receptor blocker Valsartan: Greenness assessment by four evaluation tools. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Magdy R, Hemdan A, Farouk M, Fares NV. In Vitro Dissolution Profile of Antihypertensive Mixture: Comparison between Multivariate Methods and Statistical and Graphical Representation of Different Univariate Spectrophotometric Data. J AOAC Int 2022; 106:624-635. [PMID: 36420987 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Triplixam is a new antihypertensive drug combination consisting of Perindopril, Amlodipine, and Indapamide which have a synergistic mechanism of action in combination with each other.
Objective
Comparative study of different spectrophotometric approaches used for the simultaneous determination of Perindopril, Indapamide, and Amlodipine in bulk powder and in dosage form Triplixam.
Methods
The methods include univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods depending on either mathematically calculation or graphically representation of data. For the univariate methods: Perindopril were resolved from other component using Constant multiplication followed by spectrum subtraction resolution technique then Two Base Point, AUC, Constant value, and Concentration value methods were applied. For both Amlodipine and Indapamide: Constant multiplication resolution technique was used then Constant value and Concentration value methods were applied. Concentration Value depends on graphical representation of data rather than statistical data. PLS and PCR chemometric assisted spectrophotometric techniques were also applied. The proposed methods are considered green alternative to the reported methods as the greenness of the proposed methods was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by four green analytical evaluation tools.
Results
The methods were applied for the analysis of the mixture in the pharmaceutical dosage form Triplixam, and in vitro release at intestinal pH (7.4) using a USP dissolution tester.
Conclusion
The proposed green analytical methods considered to be greener than the reported methods and simpler so could be used as alternative for routine analysis of the mixture in quality control laboratories for the reason of their accurate results beside minimum manipulation steps that reduced the error and time required of the analysis with no harmful effect on analyst health as well as the environment.
Highlights
The study was the first in vitro dissolution profiling of Perindopril, Amlodipine, and Indapamide. The developed methods were of excellent green methods without compromising the analytical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Ahram Canadian University Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 th October
| | - Ahmed Hemdan
- Ahram Canadian University Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6 th October
| | - Maha Farouk
- Ain Shams University Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, , Cairo, Egypt; Egypt
| | - Nermine V Fares
- Ain Shams University Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, , Cairo, Egypt; Egypt
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Magdy R, Hemdan A, Fares NV, Farouk M. Determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin mixture by different spectrophotometric methods with or without regression equations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 210:203-211. [PMID: 30453196 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four new, simple, and reproducible spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Amlodipine (AML) and Atorvastatin (AT) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form. The four methods include two progressive and two successive resolution techniques. The two progressive methods are Absorbance Subtraction (AS) and Amplitude Modulation (AM), while the two successive methods are Constant Value (CV) and Concentration Value. In the Concentration Value method, the concentration of the drugs is determined from the graphical representation without the use of regression equations. Linearity range for the two progressive methods was from 5 μg/mL-35 μg/mL while for the two successive methods was from 5 μg/mL-55 μg/mL. The four methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines and were found to be accurate, precise, and selective. The methods were also applied for determination of the mixture in the marketed pharmaceutical dosage form. Results obtained were compared with reported methods. Also, One-way ANOVA statistical test was done between all the proposed spectrophotometric methods where no significant differences were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt.
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - N V Fares
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Magdy R, Hemdan A, Fares NV, Farouk M. Univariate calibrations with or without chemometric assistance for determination of drugs lacking peak maxima in their zero-order profiles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 206:207-215. [PMID: 30114580 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trandolapril has no sharp peak in its zero-order spectrum and therefore, it is difficult to be measured by direct spectrophotometry. In this manuscript, several univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for determination of Trandolapril (TR) and Verapamil (VR) combination. The first method for measuring Trandolapril is Constant Multiplication-Spectrum Subtraction (CM-SS), where Trandolapril was measured at 210 nm in its zero-order curve after elimination of Verapamil spectrum. Second and third methods are two Base Points (2BP) and area under the curve (AUC) to measure Trandolapril concentration without depending on the shoulder peak. The fourth method for Trandolapril is Derivative Subtraction (DS) that utilizes the sharp peak appeared in the first order spectrum of Trandolapril. Verapamil was determined by two methods, Constant Multiplication (CM) and Derivative Subtraction-Constant Multiplication (DS-CM). Also, two multivariate methods were developed for measurement of the mixture, Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). All the developed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines and the results proved that the developed methods are accurate and selective. Moreover, a statistical comparison between the developed methods and a reference method was done. Also, One-way ANOVA statistical test was done between all the proposed univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt.
| | - A Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - N V Fares
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hemdan A, Magdy R, Farouk M. Response surface design as a powerful tool for the development of environmentally benign HPLC methods for the determination of two antihypertensive combinations: Greenness assessment by two green analytical chemistry evaluation tools. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3213-3223. [PMID: 29953735 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interest in implementing green chemistry principles in analytical chemistry has grown dramatically in the past few years. The solvents used have the major influence on the greenness of the method. Most conventional high-performance liquid chromatography methods employed utilize solvents that are "hazardous for the environment". In the present study, two-factor three-level response surface design was exploited to develop eco-friendly chromatographic methods for two different mixtures. The first one was atorvastatin and amlodipine and the second one was amlodipine, perindopril, and indapamide. As it is nontoxic to the environment, ethanol was used as the organic modifier in the mobile phase. The separation of the first mixture was attained using phosphate buffer (pH 7)/ethanol (42:58 v/v), and the second mixture was fully resolved using phosphate buffer (pH 5)/ethanol (40:60 v/v). The use of high-performance liquid chromatography allows excellent resolution in a short run time, hence, less waste was produced. The greenness of the developed methods was assessed by two evaluation tools, namely, National Environmental Methods Index and analytical eco-scale, and found to be excellent green analytical methods. Moreover, the developed methods were compared with other reported methods regarding accuracy and greenness and were found to be perfect alternatives to reported methods for separation and quantification of the mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hemdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragaa Magdy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Magdy R, El-Khatib AH, Hemdan A, Elaziz OA, Farouk M, Linscheid MW. Comparative pharmacokinetics of trandolapril, its active metabolite, and verapamil in human plasma of Egyptian population using HPLC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1158-1167. [PMID: 29319234 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trandolapril and verapamil are commonly used antihypertensive drugs. However, there is a lack of available data on the change of their pharmacokinetics in patients with liver or kidney impairment and hence the need for dose adjustment. In this article, a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the monitoring of trandolapril, its active metabolite trandolaprilat, and verapamil in human plasma of patients with renal impairment and/or liver insufficiency. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Gemini C18 reversed phase column using a gradient elution mode with a run time of 10 minutes. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 2% acetic acid. The electrospray ionization MS/MS analysis was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The assay was validated as per Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for bioanalytical method validation and proved to be suitable for the determination of therapeutic drug levels in plasma. The inter-group changes in pharmacokinetic data were compared to that of healthy volunteers. The comparison showed a significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the studied groups. The presented results exhibit the benefits of the proposed assay as a validated analytical tool for the continuous drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa Magdy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Khatib
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed Hemdan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th October, Egypt
| | - Omar Abd Elaziz
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Farouk
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Marei A, Rashed H, Magdy R. Cathodal/Anodal technique use of repetitive transcrainal magnetic stimulation in treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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