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Korzec M, Kotowicz S, Malarz K, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A. Spectroscopic and Biological Properties of the 3-Imino-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives as Fluorophores for Cellular Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:6255. [PMID: 37687082 PMCID: PMC10488415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the photophysical and biological properties of eight 3-imino-1,8-naphthalimides. The optical properties of the compounds were investigated in the solvents that differed in their polarity (dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and methanol), including three methods of sample preparation using different pre-dissolving solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide or chloroform. In the course of the research, it was found that there are strong interactions between the tested compounds and DMSO, which was visible as a change in the maximum emission band (λem) of the neat 3-imino-1,8-naphthalimides (λem = 470-480 nm) and between the compounds and DMSO (λem = 504-514 nm). The shift of the emission maximum that was associated with the presence of a small amount of DMSO in the sample was as much as 41 nm. In addition, the susceptibility of imines to hydrolysis in the methanol/water mixture with increasing water content and in the methanol/water mixture (v/v; 1:1) in the pH range from 1 to 12 was discussed. The studies showed that the compounds are hydrolysed in the CH3OH/H2O system in an acidic environment (pH in the range of 1 to 4). In addition, it was found that partial hydrolysis occurs in systems with an increased amount of water, and its degree may depend on the type of substituent on the imine bond. The compounds tended to quench the emission (ACQ) in the aggregated state and increase the emission related to the protonation of the imine bond. Moreover, it was found that the substituent in the imine bonds influenced a compound's individual photophysical properties. Biological tests, including cytotoxicity studies and cellular localisation, were also performed for all of the molecules. All of the tested compounds exhibited green fluorescence in the MCF-7 cells and showed co-localisation in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome. The obtained photophysical and biological results indicate the promising potential use of the tested compounds as cellular dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- August Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pułku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- August Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pułku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.M.-W.)
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Kaur H, Verma M, Kaur S, Rana B, Singh N, Jena KC. Elucidating the Molecular Structure of Hydrophobically Modified Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles and Its Potential Implications for DNA Binding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13456-13468. [PMID: 36279506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structural properties of the polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer are generally tuned and selectively modified to reinforce its potential in a broad spectrum of applied domains of medicine, healthcare, material design, sensing, and electronic optimization. The selective modification of the polymer brings about changes in its interfacial characteristics and behavior. The current work involves the synthesis of naphthalimide conjugated polyethylenimine organic nanoparticles (NPEI-ONPs). The interfacial molecular structure of NPEI-ONPs is explored in an aqueous medium at pH 7.4 using surface tensiometry and sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS). The hydrophobic functionalization rendered a concentration-dependent surface coverage of NPEI-ONPs, where the SFG-VS analysis exhibited the molecular rearrangement of its hydrophobic groups at the interface. The interaction of NPEI-ONPs with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is carried out to observe the relevance of the synthesized nanocomposites in the biomedical domain. The bulk-specific studies (i.e., thermal denaturation, viscometry, zeta (ζ) potential, and ATR-FTIR) reveal the condensation of dsDNA in the presence of NPEI-ONPs, making its structure more compact. The interface-sensitive SFG-VS showcased the impact of the dsDNA and NPEI-ONP interaction on the interfacial molecular behavior of NPEI-ONPs at the air-aqueous interface. Our results exhibit the potential of such hydrophobically functionalized ONPs as promising candidates for developing biomedical sealants, substrate coatings, and other biomedical domains.
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Ma J, Gu Y, Ma D, Lu W, Qiu J. Insights into AIE materials: A focus on biomedical applications of fluorescence. Front Chem 2022; 10:985578. [PMID: 36186580 PMCID: PMC9521682 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.985578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules have garnered considerable interest since its first appearance in 2001. Recent studies on AIE materials in biological and medical areas have demonstrated that they show their promise as biomaterials for bioimaging and other biomedical applications. Benefiting from significant advantages of their high sensitivity, excellent photostability, and good biocompatibility, AIE-based materials provide dramatically improved analytical capacities for in vivo detection and demonstration of vital biological processes. Herein, we introduce the development history of AIE molecules and recent progress in areas of biotesting and bioimaging. Additionally, this review also offers an outlook for the potential applications of versatile AIE materials for tracing and treating pathological tissues, including overcoming challenges and feasible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanru Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Depeng Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weizhao Lu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfeng Qiu,
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A DFT and experimental study of the spectroscopic and hydrolytic degradation behaviour of some benzylideneanilines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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CuO/CaO mediated synthesis of amino-1,8-naphthalimides from the nitro analogues. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Barboza CA, Morawski O, Olas J, Gawrys P, Banasiewicz M, Suwinska K, Shova S, Kozankiewicz B, Sobolewski AL. Unravelling the ambiguity of the emission pattern of donor–acceptor salicylaldimines. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Malarz K, Krystkowska A, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Golba S, Siwy M, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Luminescence and Electrochemical Activity of New Unsymmetrical 3-Imino-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5504. [PMID: 34639899 PMCID: PMC8509721 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 1,8-naphtalimides containing an imine bond at the 3-position of the naphthalene ring was synthesized using 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, and elementary analysis. The impact of the substituent in the imine linkage on the selected properties and bioimaging of the synthesized compounds was studied. They showed a melting temperature in the range of 120-164 °C and underwent thermal decomposition above 280 °C. Based on cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, the electrochemical behavior of 1,8-naphtalimide derivatives was evaluated. The electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes were observed. The compounds were characterized by a low energy band gap (below 2.60 eV). Their photoluminescence activities were investigated in solution considering the solvent effect, in the aggregated and thin film, and a mixture of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) (50:50 wt.%). They demonstrated low emissions due to photoinduced electron transport (PET) occurring in the solution and aggregation, which caused photoluminescence quenching. Some of them exhibited light emission as thin films. They emitted light in the range of 495 to 535 nm, with photoluminescence quantum yield at 4%. Despite the significant overlapping of its absorption range with emission of the PVK:PBD, incomplete Förster energy transfer from the matrix to the luminophore was found. Moreover, its luminescence ability induced by external voltage was tested in the diode with guest-host configuration. The possibility of compound hydrolysis due to the presence of the imine bond was also discussed, which could be of importance in biological studies that evaluate 3-imino-1,8-naphatalimides as imaging tools and fluorescent materials for diagnostic applications and molecular bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Aleksandra Krystkowska
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.M.); (A.K.); (A.M.-W.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 1A 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland;
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
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Effect of the complex-formation ability of thiosemicarbazones containing (aza)benzene or 3-nitro-1,8-naphthalimide unit towards Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions on their anticancer activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Pająk AK, Golba S, Małecki JG, Siwy M, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. New Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Systems Based on Bis-(Imino-1,8-Naphthalimide). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112714. [PMID: 34064056 PMCID: PMC8196752 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, six novel symmetrical bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) differing in core and N-substituent structure were synthesized, and their thermal (TGA, DSC), optical (UV-Vis, PL), electrochemical (DPV, CV) properties were evaluated. The compounds were stable to 280 °C and could be transferred into amorphous materials. Electrochemical investigations showed their ability to occur reductions and oxidations processes. They exhibited deep LUMO levels of about -3.22 eV and HOMO levels above -5.80 eV. The optical investigations were carried out in the solutions (polar and non-polar) and in films and blends with PVK:PBD. Bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the range of 243-415 nm and emitted light from blue to yellow. Their capacity for light emission under voltage was preliminarily tested in devices with an active layer consisting of a neat compound and a blend with PVK:PBD. The diodes emitted green or red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
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Senkała S, Małecki JG, Vasylieva M, Łabuz A, Nosek K, Piwowarczyk K, Czyż J, Schab-Balcerzak E, Janeczek H, Korzec M. Hydrolysis of Schiff bases with phenyl-ethynyl-phenyl system: The importance for biological and physicochemical studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 212:112020. [PMID: 32957072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Schiff bases containing the phenyl-ethynyl-phenyl system was synthesized and their thermal stability, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed to obtain the optimized ground-state geometry and distribution of the HOMO and LUMO levels as well as IR spectra of the prepared compounds. It was found that, the photoluminescence of synthesized imines was negligible in all investigated organic solvents except for the PBS/ACN mixture. As was proved in further studies, this phenomenon was related to the partial hydrolysis of imines, which is the source of the fluorogenic aldehyde causing the aggreggacion incrased-emision effect. In further research, due to the susceptibility of the azomethines to partial hydrolysis, the biological activity of 2-{(E)-[4-(phenylethynyl) phenyl]imino}phenol (1b), substrate (2-aminophenol) and Cu(II)-1b complex was analyzed. The biological tests showed, that 1b (as example of imine resveratrol analogue), demonstrated its increased cytostatic activity in prostate cancer cellular system. It was proved that the non-hydrolyzed imine was crucial for the cytotoxic effect. This activity could be ascribed to its Cu(II) complexing capability as showed in our previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Senkała
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Strzody 9 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łabuz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nosek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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