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Maggiore A, Qu Y, Guillot R, Pander P, Vasylieva M, Data P, Dias FB, Audebert P, Clavier G, Miomandre F. Novel Easy to Synthesize Benzonitrile Compounds with Mixed Carbazole and Phenoxazine Substituents Exhibiting Dual Emission and TADF Properties. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2740-2753. [PMID: 35353524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new class of fluorinated benzonitrile compounds substituted with mixed phenoxazine and carbazole units have been investigated. When absorbing in a large range of the UV-vis spectrum due to both localized and charge-transfer absorptions, these compounds show dual broad emission in solution and intense emission in PMMA films, with photoluminescence quantum yields changing from a few percent in solution to 18% in a more rigid environment. The compounds also exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence demonstrated by the role of oxygen in the quenching of delayed fluorescence and by time-resolved luminescence studies, with an efficiency directly related to the number of phenoxazine substituents. Electrochemistry reveals dramatic changes in the reduction mechanisms according to the number of remaining fluorine atoms on the benzonitrile core. All these results demonstrate how it is possible to tune the photophysical and electrochemical properties of easily synthesizable derivatives by controlling the nature and relative number of the substituents on a simple aromatic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maggiore
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yangyang Qu
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Piotr Pander
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K.,Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K.,Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K
| | - Pierre Audebert
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Vasylieva M, Pander P, Sharma BK, Shaikh AM, Kamble RM, Dias FB, Czichy M, Data P. Acridone-amine D-A-D thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with narrow resolved electroluminescence and their electrochromic properties. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Slodek A, Gnida P, Małecki JG, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Chulkin P, Vasylieva M, Nycz J, Libera M, Schab-Balcerzak E. New Benzo[ h]quinolin-10-ol Derivatives as Co-sensitizers for DSSCs. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14123386. [PMID: 34207294 PMCID: PMC8234456 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New benzo[h]quinolin-10-ol derivatives with one or two 2-cyanoacrylic acid units were synthesized with a good yield in a one-step condensation reaction. Chemical structure and purity were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, respectively. The investigation of their thermal, electrochemical and optical properties was carried out based on differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, electronic absorption and photoluminescence measurements. The analysis of the optical, electrochemical and properties was supported by density functional theory studies. The synthesized molecules were applied in dye-sensitized solar cells as sensitizers and co-sensitizers with commercial N719. The thickness and surface morphology of prepared photoanodes was studied using optical, scanning electron and atomic force microscopes. Due to the utilization of benzo[h]quinolin-10-ol derivatives as co-sensitizers, the better photovoltaic performance of fabricated devices compared to a reference cell based on a neat N719 was demonstrated. Additionally, the effect of co-adsorbent chemical structure (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) on DSSC efficiency was explained based on the density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
| | - Paweł Gnida
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
| | - Grażyna Szafraniec-Gorol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
| | - Pavel Chulkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Jacek Nycz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
| | - Marcin Libera
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; or (A.S.); (J.G.M.); (G.S.-G.); , (M.L.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.G.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: or
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Nitschke P, Jarząbek B, Vasylieva M, Godzierz M, Janeczek H, Musioł M, Domiński A. The Effect of Alkyl Substitution of Novel Imines on Their Supramolecular Organization, towards Photovoltaic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071043. [PMID: 33810519 PMCID: PMC8036393 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel conjugated polyazomethines have been obtained by polycondensation of diamines consisting of the diimine system, with either 2,5-bis(octyloxy)terephthalaldehyde or 9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole-3,6-dicarboxaldehyde. Partial replacement of bulky solubilizing substituents with the smaller side groups has allowed to investigate the effect of supramolecular organization. All obtained compounds have been subsequently identified using the NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and characterized by the thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Investigated polymers have shown a good thermal stability and high glass transition temperatures. X-ray measurements have proven that partial replacement of octyloxy side chains with smaller methoxy groups induced a better planarization of macromolecule. Such modification has tuned the LUMO level of this molecule and caused a bathochromic shift of the lowest energy absorption band. On the contrary, imines consisting of N-ethylhexyl substituted carbazole units have not been so clearly affected by alkyl chain length modification. Photovoltaic activity of imines (acting as a donor) in bulk-heterojunction systems has been observed for almost all studied compounds, blended with the fullerene derivative (PCBM) in various weight ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nitschke
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Bożena Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Adrian Domiński
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (P.N.); (M.V.); (M.G.); (H.J.); (M.M.); (A.D.)
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Senkała S, Małecki JG, Vasylieva M, Łabuz A, Nosek K, Piwowarczyk K, Czyż J, Schab-Balcerzak E, Janeczek H, Korzec M. Hydrolysis of Schiff bases with phenyl-ethynyl-phenyl system: The importance for biological and physicochemical studies. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 212:112020. [PMID: 32957072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of new Schiff bases containing the phenyl-ethynyl-phenyl system was synthesized and their thermal stability, photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated. Moreover, DFT calculations were performed to obtain the optimized ground-state geometry and distribution of the HOMO and LUMO levels as well as IR spectra of the prepared compounds. It was found that, the photoluminescence of synthesized imines was negligible in all investigated organic solvents except for the PBS/ACN mixture. As was proved in further studies, this phenomenon was related to the partial hydrolysis of imines, which is the source of the fluorogenic aldehyde causing the aggreggacion incrased-emision effect. In further research, due to the susceptibility of the azomethines to partial hydrolysis, the biological activity of 2-{(E)-[4-(phenylethynyl) phenyl]imino}phenol (1b), substrate (2-aminophenol) and Cu(II)-1b complex was analyzed. The biological tests showed, that 1b (as example of imine resveratrol analogue), demonstrated its increased cytostatic activity in prostate cancer cellular system. It was proved that the non-hydrolyzed imine was crucial for the cytotoxic effect. This activity could be ascribed to its Cu(II) complexing capability as showed in our previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Senkała
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Strzody 9 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łabuz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nosek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piwowarczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyż
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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Qu Y, Pander P, Vybornyi O, Vasylieva M, Guillot R, Miomandre F, Dias FB, Skabara P, Data P, Clavier G, Audebert P. Donor-Acceptor 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines Prepared by the Buchwald-Hartwig Cross-Coupling Reaction and Their Photoluminescence Turn-On Property by Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3407-3416. [PMID: 31975598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A facile efficient synthetic tool, Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction, for the functionalization of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines is presented. Important factors affecting the Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction have been optimized. Seven new donor-acceptor tetrazine molecules (TA1-TA7) were conveniently prepared in good to high yields (61-72%). They have been subsequently engaged in the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction with cyclooctyne. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the new pyridazines have been studied. Some are fluorescent acting as turn-on probes. More importantly, two pyridazines (DA3 and DA6) exhibit room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Qu
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Piotr Pander
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Oleh Vybornyi
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, M. Stzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.,Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud 11, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8182, Rue du doyen Georges Poitou, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Peter Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, M. Stzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gilles Clavier
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France
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Chapran M, Pander P, Vasylieva M, Wiosna-Salyga G, Ulanski J, Dias FB, Data P. Realizing 20% External Quantum Efficiency in Electroluminescence with Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from an Exciplex. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:13460-13471. [PMID: 30864778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of nondoped exciplex blends of 2,4,6-tris[3-(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine (PO-T2T), working as the one-electron acceptor molecule, with different electron donors is reported. The emissions of these exciplexes span from the blue to orange-red regions, showing clear contribution from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and delayed fluorescence originated from nongeminate recombination of charge carriers created by the dissociation of optically generated exciplexes. We focus our studies on the properties of TADF in these systems, covering in particular the physical meaning of the different transient components observed in their luminescence decays. Our results unravel the intricate role of reverse intersystem crossing due to spin-orbit coupling and possibly also due to hyperfine interactions and internal conversion, which affect the efficiency of the TADF mechanism. Remarkable performances are obtained in prototype organic light-emitting diodes fabricated with some of these blends. Green exciplex blends, in particular, exhibited the current efficiency of 60 cd A-1, power efficiency of 71 lm W-1, and external quantum efficiency of 20%. We believe that our results will contribute significantly to highlight the potential advantages of intermolecular exciplexes in the area of organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Chapran
- Department of Molecular Physics , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Lodz , Poland
| | - Piotr Pander
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , M. Strzody 9 , 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
| | - Gabriela Wiosna-Salyga
- Department of Molecular Physics , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Lodz , Poland
| | - Jacek Ulanski
- Department of Molecular Physics , Lodz University of Technology , Zeromskiego 116 , 90-924 Lodz , Poland
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
- Faculty of Chemistry , Silesian University of Technology , M. Strzody 9 , 44-100 Gliwice , Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials , Polish Academy of Science , M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 , 41-819 Zabrze , Poland
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Qu Y, Pander P, Bucinskas A, Vasylieva M, Tian Y, Miomandre F, Dias FB, Clavier G, Data P, Audebert P. Convenient One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Thiatriazoles Towards a Novel Electron Acceptor for Highly-Efficient Thermally-Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Emitters. Chemistry 2019; 25:2457-2462. [PMID: 30680814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel and unexpected convenient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles has been discovered while investigating the classical tetrazine "Pinner synthesis". The synthetic route starts from commercially-available nitrile derivatives and gives good to high yields (51-80 %) with no need to isolate any thioacylating agents. The crucial impact of the solvent on the outcome of the modified "Pinner synthesis" is moreover examined and discussed. Using this new synthetic route, a novel donor-acceptor thiatriazole derivative has been prepared, which exhibits prominent thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in both solution and film. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) and Zeonex (a cyclo olefin polymer) in oxygen-free conditions were determined to be 76 and 99 %, respectively. This work provides an efficient and practical synthetic approach to functionalized 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole derivatives, and will noticeably facilitate the application of 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole as an electron acceptor in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Qu
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Piotr Pander
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Audrius Bucinskas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko St. 59, Kaunas, LT-51423, Lithuania
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Stzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Yayang Tian
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Fabien Miomandre
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gilles Clavier
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.,Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Stzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue Président Wilson, 94235, Cachan, France
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Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a technique used in the analysis of organic compounds. When this technique is combined with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopies, we obtain useful information such as electron affinity, ionization potential, band-gap energies, the type of charge carriers, and degradation information that can be used to synthesize stable organic electronic devices. In this study, we present electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods to analyze the processes occurring in active layers of an organic device as well as the generated charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology
| | - Marharyta Vasylieva
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology; Department of Physics, Durham University; Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences;
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