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Tan Y, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Xie A, Wu S, Xue C. Detection of organic dyes using Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate produced via sandpaper template-assisted lithography and liquid-liquid interface self-assembly. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1047-1056. [PMID: 38095682 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and reliable fingerprinting technique. However, its analytical capability is closely related to the quality of a SERS substrate used for the analysis. In particular, conventional colloidal substrates possess disadvantages in terms of controllability, stability, and reproducibility, which limit their application. In order to address these issues, a simple, cost-effective, and efficient SERS substrate based on silver nanoparticle arrays (Ag NPAs) and sandpaper-molded polydimethylsiloxane (SMP) was proposed in this work. Successfully prepared via template lithography and liquid-liquid interface self-assembly (LLISA), the substrate can be applied to the specific detection of organic dyes in the environment. The substrate exhibited good SERS performance, and the limit of detection (LOD) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) was shown to be 10-7 M under the optimal conditions (1000 grit sandpaper) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.76%. Moreover, the SERS signal intensity was maintained at 60% of the initial intensity after the substrate was stored for 30 days. In addition, the Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate was also employed to detect crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) with the LODs of 10-6 M and 10-7 M, respectively. In summary, the Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate prepared in this study has great potential for the detection of organic dyes in ecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Tan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Atian Xie
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Changguo Xue
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, People's Republic of China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yang Z, Chen G, Shen J, Ma C, Gu J, Zhu C, Li L, Gao H. A hydrogen bonding based SERS method for direct label-free L-hydroxyproline detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122834. [PMID: 37178585 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The detection of non-protein nitrogen adulterants is a major challenge in dairy testing. As a marker molecule of animal hydrolyzed protein, the presence of non-edible L-hydroxyproline (L-Hyp) molecules can be used to identify low-quality milk containing components of animal hydrolyzed protein. However, it is still difficult to detect L-Hyp directly in milk. The Ag@COF-COOH substrate in this paper can be used to realize label-free L-Hyp sensitive detection based on the hydrogen bond transition mechanism. To explore the mechanism, the binding sites of hydrogen bond interaction have been verified experimentally and computationally, and the charge transfer process was also explained in terms of HOMO/LOMO energy level. In conclusion, the quantitative models for L-Hyp in an aqueous environment and in milk were developed. The limit of detection (LOD) of L-Hyp in an aqueous environment could reach 8.18 ng/mL, with R2 of 0.982. The linear range of quantitative detection in milk was 0.5-1000 μg/mL and the LOD was as low as 0.13 μg/mL. In this work, a hydrogen bond interaction based Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for the label-free detection of L-Hyp was proposed, which complemented the application of SERS technology in the detection of dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Yang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China.
| | - Jialu Shen
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiao Gu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Wuxi, China
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Chen M, Huang Y, Miao J, Fan Y, Lai K. A highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensor with MIL-100(Fe)/Au composites for detection of malachite green in fish pond water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 292:122432. [PMID: 36753866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about food safety have been arisen due to the improper use of chemicals in aquaculture. Malachite green (MG) has attracted attention because of its illegal usage and its potential negative impacts on the environment and public health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms coupled with different SERS substrates have been employed for rapid analysis of MG residues in food. However, the most commonly used SERS substrates were non-reusable and showed limited detection sensitivity. In this study, a novel SERS substrate with a good recyclability and a high sensitivity was prepared by electrostatically assembling together a metal-organic framework material called materials of institute lavoisie-100(Fe) (MIL-100(Fe)) and Au NPs. The lowest detectable concentration of MG was 10-13 M based on the optimal substrate. The SERS sensor was applied for the detection of the trace MG in fish pond water, which was accomplished with the correlation coefficients R2 = 0.991-0.996 in a concentration range of 10-6-10-13 M. Moreover, MIL-100(Fe)/Au was recycled at least five times, realizing a "detection to degradation", showing great potential for food contamination monitoring due to its distinguished performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yiqun Huang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, 960, 2nd Section, Wanjiali South Rd, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
| | - Junjian Miao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Keqiang Lai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, LinGang New City, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-Processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Qin H, Zhao S, Gong H, Yu Z, Chen Q, Liang P, Zhang D. Recent Progress in the Application of Metal Organic Frameworks in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040479. [PMID: 37185554 PMCID: PMC10136131 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF) compounds are centered on metal ions or metal ion clusters, forming lattices with a highly ordered periodic porous network structure by connecting organic ligands. As MOFs have the advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, controllable pore size, etc., they are widely used in gas storage, catalysis, adsorption, separation and other fields. SERS substrate based on MOFs can not only improve the sensitivity of SERS analysis but also solve the problem of easy aggregation of substrate nanoparticles. By combining MOFs with SERS, SERS performance is further improved, and tremendous research progress has been made in recent years. In this review, three methods of preparing MOF-based SERS substrates are introduced, and the latest applications of MOF-based SERS substrates in biosensors, the environment, gases and medical treatments are discussed. Finally, the current status and prospects of MOF-based SERS analysis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Qin
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huaping Gong
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pei Liang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - De Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jia T, Pu C, Qin T, Liu B, Yao G, Xun Z, Wang B, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Xu H, Zhao C. Azocalixarene-Based Supramolecular System for the Detection of Paraquat via an Improved Indicator Displacement Assay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15981-15989. [PMID: 36510782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the lethal toxicity of paraquat (PQ) on human health, herein, a simple indicator displacement assay (IDA) based on an azo-modified calixarene host (azoCX[4]) and a fluorophore guest (p-DPD) were elaborately constructed for PQ detection in environmental water samples and plant surfaces. The fluorescent signal of p-DPD in the probe can be quenched by azoCX[4] through a photon-induced electron transfer process and recovered upon the addition of PQ within 10 s. The detection range of the p-DPD@azoCX[4] probe was calculated to be 0.35-8 μM in the Tris-HCl buffer solutions (pH = 7.4). Moreover, this probe exhibited excellent detection selectivity toward PQ over five herbicides (glyphosate, bispyribac, atrazine, ametryn, and bensulfuron methyl), together with anti-interference abilities in the presence of inorganic ions (K+, Na+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Li+, F-, Cl-, Br-, CO32-, HCO3-, and NO3-) and amino acids (Asp, Arg, Glu, Ala, and Cys). Particularly, the probe was successfully used to detect PQ in real water samples with acceptable accuracy and showed potential applications for on-site detection with paper-based test strips and on the leaf surface. We believe that this simplified IDA-based probe provided an effective detecting tool for PQ, and the design strategy would guide the further development of new IDA sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Chunmei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Tianyi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, China
| | - Guangkai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Zhiqing Xun
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, 1-2 Zhujiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong511447, China
| | - Bingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Yongqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong510642, China
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Cheng Y, Ding Y, Chen J, Xu W, Wang W, Xu S. Au nanoparticles decorated covalent organic framework composite for SERS analyses of malachite green and thiram residues in foods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121644. [PMID: 35878495 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) self-assembled covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was fabricated via the electrostatic interaction between positively charged COFs and negatively charged AuNPs, which exhibited excellent SERS performance and were successfully applied for the analyses of malachite green (MG) residue in different seafood products as well as thiram residue in several kinds of fruit juice. The raspberry-like structure SERS substrate has a larger surface area that can provide more adsorption sites in testing and improve the efficiency of sample enrichment. By using this developed SERS substrate, the detection linearity ranges are 1.0 × 10-9 mol·L-1-1.0 × 10-6 mol·L-1 for MG and 5.0 × 10-8 mol·L-1-1.0 × 10-5 mol·L-1 for thiram (R2 ≥ 0.995). The detection limits are 6.2 × 10-10 mol·L-1 for MG and 1.7 × 10-8 mol·L-1 for thiram, respectively. The COF-AuNPs substrate was actually applied for analysis of MG in seafood products and thiram in different fruit juice, with the recoveries in the ranges of 94.67-108.99 % for MG and 95.00-107.58 % for thiram, and both of the relative standard deviation (RSD) are no more than 5.88 %. This work indicates that the developed COF-AuNPs substrate is promising for SERS analyses and detections of residues in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yanru Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Weigang Wang
- No. 2 Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Lelouche SNK, Biglione C, Horcajada P. Advances in plasmonic-based MOF composites, their bio-applications and perspectives in this field. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1417-1434. [PMID: 36176048 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanomaterials have been used for bio-applications since the late 20st century. In an attempt to tailor and optimize their properties, and by extension their efficiency, composites have attracted considerable attention. In this regard, recent studies on plasmonic nanoparticles and metal-organic framework (NP@MOF) composites suggested these materials show great promise in this field. AREAS COVERED This review focused on the more recent scientific advances in the synthetic strategies to optimize plasmonic MOF nanocomposites currently available, as well as their bio-application, particularly as biosensors and therapy. EXPERT OPINION Plasmonic MOF nanocomposites have shown great potential as they combine the properties of both materials with proven efficiency in bio-application. On the one hand, nanoMOFs have proven their potential particularly as drug nanocarriers, owing to their exceptional porosity and tunability. On the other hand, plasmonic nanoparticles have been an asset for imaging and phototherapy. Different strategies have been reported to develop these nanocomposites, mainly including core-shell, encapsulation, and in situ reduction. In addition, advanced composite structures should be considered, such as mixed metal nanoparticles, hollow structures or the combination of several approaches. Specifically, plasmonic MOF nanocomposites prove to be attractive stimuli responsive drug delivery systems, phototherapeutic agents as well as highly sensitive biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorraya N K Lelouche
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Biglione
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Horcajada
- Advanced Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda. Ramón de la Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles-Madrid, Spain
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Li J, Shi J, Liang A, Jiang Z. Highly catalysis amplification of MOF Nd-loaded nanogold combined with specific aptamer SERS/RRS assay of trace glyphosate. Analyst 2022; 147:2369-2377. [PMID: 35535968 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00549b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A neodymium metal-organic framework (MOFNd) was prepared using 1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3pdc) and 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid as ligands. Through the addition of HAuCl4 as a precursor and NaBH4 as a reducing agent, a new MOFNd-loaded nanogold (AuNPs) (Au@MOFNd) nanosol with good stability and high catalytic activity was conveniently prepared via a solvothermal-reduction method and characterized. It was found that the indicator reaction of reducing HAuCl4 by Na2SO3 to generate AuNPs was slow. Au@MOFNd strongly catalyzes this nanoreaction, and the produced AuNPs exhibit a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 370 nm, and a strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) peak at 1617 cm-1 with the addition of the molecular probe Victoria blue 4R (VB4r). A novel SERS/RRS di-mode quantitative analysis method for glyphosate (GLY) was established by coupling this new Au@MOFNd catalytic indicator reaction with the aptamer (Apt) reaction of GLY, with SERS and RRS detection limits of 0.02 nM and 0.3 nM, respectively. It has been applied to the analysis of soil samples with a recovery rate of 93.0%-106.5% and precision of 2.2%-4.1%, and the results were satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jinling Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
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