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Laginha RC, Silva JD, Cinque G, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Batista de Carvalho ALM. Vibrational microspectroscopy as a tool to unveil new chemotherapeutic strategies against osteosarcoma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 317:124389. [PMID: 38710137 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, osteosarcoma therapy has had a significative improvement with the use of a multidrug regime strategy, increasing the survival rates from less than 20 % to circa 70 %. Different types of development of new antineoplastic agents are critical to achieve irreversible damage to cancer cells, while preserving the integrity of their healthy counterparts. In the present study, complexes with two and three Pd(II) centres linked by the biogenic polyamines: spermine (Pd2SpmCl4) and spermidine (Pd3Spd2Cl6) were tested against non-malignant (osteoblasts, HOb) and cancer (osteosarcoma, MG-63) human cell lines. Either alone or in combination according to the EURAMOS-1 protocol, they were used versus cisplatin as a drug reference. By evaluating the cytotoxic effects of both therapeutic approaches (single and drug combination) in HOb and MG-63 cell lines, the selective anti-tumoral potential is assessed. To understand the different treatments at a molecular level, Synchrotron Radiation Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman microspectroscopies were applied. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis are applied to the vibrational data, revealing the major metabolic changes caused by each drug, which were found to rely on DNA, lipids, and proteins, acting as biomarkers of drug-to-cell impact. The main changes were observed for the B-DNA native conformation to either Z-DNA (higher in the presence of polynuclear complexes) or A-DNA (preferably after cisplatin exposure). Additionally, a higher effect upon variation in proteins content was detected in drug combination when compared to single drug administration proving the efficacy of the EURAMOS-1 protocol with the new drugs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C Laginha
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jéssica D Silva
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Luís A E Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana L M Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Belloni A, Notarstefano V, Greco S, Pellegrino P, Giorgini E, Ciarmela P. FTIR Microspectroscopy as a new probe to study human uterine lesions: Characterization of tumor cell lines from uterine smooth muscle cells and evaluation of EPA and DHA in vitro treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166873. [PMID: 37666437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
During their life, women are likely to develop uterine diseases, which often compromise their fertile and perimenopausal age. Besides benign lesions like leiomyomas, several malignant neoplasms can occur, such as the uterine leiomyosarcoma, which represents the most frequent malignancy among the rarest uterine cancers. It presents several variants similar to both benign and malignant neoplasms, and sometimes it shares symptoms with the benign counterpart. In this scenario, for a correct diagnosis and a successful prognosis, it is mandatory to detect new reliable markers which strengthen histopathological outcomes and let define a more appropriate and less harmful therapy. Based on this concerning evidence, in the present study, Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy has been exploited at a cellular level on uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma cell lines to (1) identify specific spectral biomarkers able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, and (2) evaluate the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (respectively EPA and DHA), already successfully tested. Results evidenced reliable differences in the spectral signature of benign and malignant cells, mainly in terms of lipids and nucleic acids composition. Moreover, even if EPA and DHA seemed to exert different effects on the tested cell lines, no cytotoxic and/or anti-apoptotic actions were observed after omega-3 based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pamela Pellegrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Notarstefano V, Belloni A, Mariani P, Orilisi G, Orsini G, Giorgini E, Byrne HJ. Multivariate curve Resolution-Alternating least squares coupled with Raman microspectroscopy: new insights into the kinetic response of primary oral squamous carcinoma cells to cisplatin. Analyst 2023; 148:4365-4372. [PMID: 37548234 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01182h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Raman MicroSpectroscopy (RMS) is a powerful label-free tool to probe the effects of drugs at a cellular/subcellular level. It is important, however, to be able to extract relevant biochemical and kinetic spectroscopic signatures of the specific cellular responses. In the present study, a combination of Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to analyse the RMS data for the example of exposure of primary Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells (OSCC) to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Dosing regimens were established by cytotoxicity assays, and the effects of the drug on cellular spectral profiles were monitored from 16 to 72 hours post-exposure using an apoptosis assay, to establish the relative populations of viable (V), early (EA) and late apoptotic/dead (LA/D) cells after the drug treatment. Based on a kinetic model of the progression from V > EA > D, MCR-ALS regression analysis of the RMS responses was able to extract spectral profiles associated with each stage of the cellular responses, enabling a quantitative comparison of the response rates for the respective drug treatments. Moreover, PCA was used to compare the spectral profiles of the viable cells exposed to the drug. Spectral differences were highlighted in the early stages (16 hours exposure), indicative of the initial cellular response to the drug treatment, and also in the late stages (48-72 hours exposure), representing the cell death pathway. The study demonstrates that RMS coupled with multivariate analysis can be used to quantitatively monitor the progression of cellular responses to different drugs, towards future applications for label-free, in vitro, pre-clinical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Lipids are essential cellular components forming membranes, serving as energy reserves, and acting as chemical messengers. Dysfunction in lipid metabolism and signaling is associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Heterogeneity in cell behavior including lipid signaling is increasingly recognized as a driver of disease and drug resistance. This diversity in cellular responses as well as the roles of lipids in health and disease drive the need to quantify lipids within single cells. Single-cell lipid assays are challenging due to the small size of cells (∼1 pL) and the large numbers of lipid species present at concentrations spanning orders of magnitude. A growing number of methodologies enable assay of large numbers of lipid analytes, perform high-resolution spatial measurements, or permit highly sensitive lipid assays in single cells. Covered in this review are mass spectrometry, Raman imaging, and fluorescence-based assays including microscopy and microseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; , ,
| | | | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; , ,
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Bellissima A, Cucci LM, Sanfilippo V, De Bonis A, Fiorenza R, Scirè S, Marzo T, Severi M, La Mendola D, Notarstefano V, Giorgini E, Satriano C. Pd-Based Hybrid Nanoparticles As Multimodal Theranostic Nanomedicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:483-493. [PMID: 36651801 PMCID: PMC9945085 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A nanodelivery system based on palladium nanoparticles (PdNP) and cisplatin (CisPt) was developed by physisorption of the drug onto the PdNP synthesized via a green redox process, using d-glucose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as reducing and stabilizing/capping agents, respectively. UV-vis analysis and H2-evolution measurements were carried out to prove the nanoparticles' capability to act as bimodal theranostic nanomedicine, i.e., having both plasmonic and photocatalytic properties. XPS, XRD, and TEM allowed light to be shed on the chemical composition and morphology of the PdNP. The analysis of the UV-visible spectra evidenced plasmonic peak changes for the hybrid nanoparticle-drug assembly (Pd@CisPt), which pointed to a significant interaction of CisPt with the NP surface. The drug loading was quantitatively estimated by ICP-OES measurements, while DLS and AFM confirmed the strong association of the drug with the nanoparticle surface. The test of SOD-like activity in a cell-free environment proved the maintenance of the antioxidant capability of PdNP also in the Pd@CisPt systems. Finally, Pd@CisPt tested in prostate cancer cells (PC-3 line) unveiled the antitumoral action of the developed nanomedicine, related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with a condition of protein misfolding/unfolding and DNA damage, as evidenced by cytotoxicity and MitoSOX assays, as well as Raman microspectroscopy, respectively. Cell imaging by confocal microscopy evidenced cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, as well as dynamic processes of copper ion accumulation at the level of subcellular compartments. Finally, cell migration studies upon treatment with Pd@CisPt evidenced a tunable response between the inhibitory effect of CisPt and the enhanced rate of cell migration for the metal NP alone, which pointed out the promising potential of the developed theranostic nanomedicine in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bellissima
- Nano
Hybrid BioInterfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Lorena M. Cucci
- Nano
Hybrid BioInterfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Vanessa Sanfilippo
- Nano
Hybrid BioInterfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, viale dell’Ateneo Lucano,
10, 85100Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scirè
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziano Marzo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department
of Chemistry ‘‘U. Schiff’’, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Nano
Hybrid BioInterfaces Laboratory (NHBIL), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125Catania, Italy,Phone: +39 095 7385136. E-mail:
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Campagna R, Belloni A, Pozzi V, Salvucci A, Notarstefano V, Togni L, Mascitti M, Sartini D, Giorgini E, Salvolini E, Santarelli A, Lo Muzio L, Emanuelli M. Role Played by Paraoxonase-2 Enzyme in Cell Viability, Proliferation and Sensitivity to Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010338. [PMID: 36613780 PMCID: PMC9820498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma represents the most aggressive and frequent form of head and neck cancer. Due to drug resistance, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced disease is less than 50%. In order to identify molecular targets for effective oral cancer treatment, we focused on paraoxonase-2 enzyme. Indeed, based on data previously obtained from preliminary immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses performed on tissue specimens, the enzyme was found to be upregulated in tumor compared with normal oral mucosa. Therefore, paraoxonase-2 gene silencing was achieved in HSC-3 and HOC621 oral cancer cell lines, and the effect on cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis induction and sensitivity to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil treatment was evaluated. Fourier Transform InfraRed Microspectroscopy analyzed alterations of cellular macromolecules upon treatment. Enzyme level and cell proliferation were also determined in cisplatin-resistant clones obtained from HOC621 cell line, as well as in parental cells. Reported data showed that paraoxonase-2 knockdown led to a reduction of cell proliferation and viability, as well as to an enhancement of sensitivity to cisplatin, together with the activation of apoptosis pathway. Spectroscopical data demonstrated that, under treatment with cisplatin, oxidative damage exerted on lipids and proteins was markedly more evident in cells down-regulating paraoxonase-2 compared to controls. Interestingly, enzyme expression, as well as cell proliferation were significantly higher in cisplatin-resistant compared with control HOC621 cells. Taken together these results seem to candidate the enzyme as a promising target for molecular treatment of this neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Pozzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Salvucci
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0712204673
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Dentistry Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, 60124 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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