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Wirth F, Cadogan CA, Fialová D, Hazen A, Lutters M, Paudyal V, Weidmann AE, Okuyan B, Henman MC. Writing a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal: Guidance from the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:548-554. [PMID: 38332208 PMCID: PMC10960906 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Publishing in reputable peer-reviewed journals is an integral step of the clinical pharmacy research process, allowing for knowledge transfer and advancement in clinical pharmacy practice. Writing a manuscript for publication in a journal requires several careful considerations to ensure that research findings are communicated to the satisfaction of editors and reviewers, and effectively to the readers. This commentary provides a summary of the main points to consider, outlining how to: (1) select a suitable journal, (2) tailor the manuscript for the journal readership, (3) organise the content of the manuscript in line with the journal's guidelines, and (4) manage feedback from the peer review process. This commentary reviews the steps of the writing process, identifies common pitfalls, and proposes ways to overcome them. It aims to assist both novice and established researchers in the field of clinical pharmacy to enhance the quality of writing in a research paper to maximise impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Wirth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Cathal A Cadogan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Fialová
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ankie Hazen
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sir Robert Aitken Institute for Medical Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anita E Weidmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Betul Okuyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Martin C Henman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin F. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: The Granada statements. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:830-835. [PMID: 36804321 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saude, Professor, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España, Pressident, Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Associate Professor, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica; Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Associated researcher, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain.
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States.
| | - Fernanda Tonin
- Researcher, Pharmacy Practice. Health & Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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3
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin FS. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: The Granada Statements. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2023; 47:133-138. [PMID: 36963994 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde; Profesor, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy; Vicedecano para Investigación y Asuntos profesionales, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, Estados Unidos.
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy; Profesor de Farmacia Clínica y Practica, Facultad de Farmacia, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice; Profesor de Medicamentos y Atención Sanitaria, Departmento de Farmacia, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, Reino Unido.
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice; Profesor Emerito (Atención Primaria), Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Salud, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Escocia, Reino Unido.
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España; Presidente, Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España, Barcelona, España.
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy; Profesor Asociado, Departmento de Farmacia, University of Copenhagen, Dinamarca.
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Professor Asociado, Departmento de Farmacia, University of Copenhagen, Copenague, Dinamarca.
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy: Profesor Asociado, Departmento de Medicina Experimental e Salud Pública, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italia.
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica; Profesor, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria; Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío; Investigador Asociado, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, España.
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Salud, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, Estados Unidos.
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmacy Practice; Investigador, Health & Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escuela Superior de Tecnologia de la Salud (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin FS. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social Pharmacy Practice Research: The Granada statements. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2023; 47:T133-T138. [PMID: 37198084 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work. © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Elsevier Inc, Springer Nature, Brazilian Society of Hospital Pharmacy and Health Services, Elsevier Inc, Royal Pharmaceutical Society, Biomedcentral, Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H), Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, European Association of Hospital Pharmacists, Faculty of Pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde; Profesor, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy; Vicedecano para Investigación y Asuntos profesionales, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, Estados Unidos.
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy; Profesor de Farmacia Clínica y Practica, Facultad de Farmacia, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice; Profesor de Medicamentos y Atención Sanitaria, Departmento de Farmacia, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, Reino Unido.
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice; Profesor Emerito (Atención Primaria), Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas de la Salud, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Escocia, Reino Unido.
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España; Presidente, Fundación Pharmaceutical Care España, Barcelona, España.
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy; Profesor Asociado, Departmento de Farmacia, University of Copenhagen, Dinamarca.
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Professor Asociado, Departmento de Farmacia, University of Copenhagen, Copenague, Dinamarca.
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy: Profesor Asociado, Departmento de Medicina Experimental e Salud Pública, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italia.
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica; Profesor, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria; Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío; Investigador Asociado, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, España.
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy; Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Salud, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, Estados Unidos.
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmacy Practice; Investigador, Health & Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escuela Superior de Tecnologia de la Salud (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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5
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin FS. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: the Granada Statements. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:285-292. [PMID: 36920737 PMCID: PMC10147809 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-023-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saude, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Research and Professional Affairs, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España, Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Pharmacy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmacy Practice, Health & Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova NG, Tonin FS. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: the Granada Statements. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023:ejhpharm-2023-003748. [PMID: 36914239 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as 'the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on healthcare systems, medicine use, and patient care'. Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other healthcare areas (ie, medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Qatar University College of Pharmacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España, Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Experimental medicine and Public health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Natalia G Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmacy Practice, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin F. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: The Granada statements. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:43. [PMID: 36899408 PMCID: PMC9999617 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saude, Professor, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Research and Professional Affairs, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Professor of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Senior Lecturer, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, Professor in Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España, Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Associate Professor, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica, Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Fernanda Tonin
- Researcher, Pharmacy Practice. Health and Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Desselle S, Stewart D, Garcia-Cardenas V, Babar ZUD, Bond C, Dago A, Jacobsen R, Nørgaard LS, Polidori C, Sanchez-Polo M, Santos-Ramos B, Shcherbakova N, Tonin FS. Improving the quality of publications in and advancing the paradigms of clinical and social pharmacy practice research: The Granada Statements. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 9:100229. [PMID: 36866074 PMCID: PMC9971279 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences embrace a series of different disciplines. Pharmacy practice has been defined as "the scientific discipline that studies the different aspects of the practice of pharmacy and its impact on health care systems, medicine use, and patient care". Thus, pharmacy practice studies embrace both clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy elements. Like any other scientific discipline, clinical and social pharmacy practice disseminates research findings using scientific journals. Clinical pharmacy and social pharmacy journal editors have a role in promoting the discipline by enhancing the quality of the articles published. As has occurred in other health care areas (i.e., medicine and nursing), a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors gathered in Granada, Spain to discuss how journals could contribute to strengthening pharmacy practice as a discipline. The result of that meeting was compiled in these Granada Statements, which comprise 18 recommendations gathered into six topics: the appropriate use of terminology, impactful abstracts, the required peer reviews, journal scattering, more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics, and authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saude, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shane Desselle
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Research and Professional Affairs, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Derek Stewart
- International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Victoria Garcia-Cardenas
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Bond
- International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Emeritus Professor (Primary Care), Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Dago
- Pharmaceutical Care España, Pharmaceutical Care España Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramune Jacobsen
- Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lotte Stig Nørgaard
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlo Polidori
- European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Manuel Sanchez-Polo
- Ars Pharmaceutica, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Bernardo Santos-Ramos
- Farmacia Hospitalaria, Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Seville, Spain
| | - Natalia Shcherbakova
- Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmacy Practice, Health & Technology Research Center (H&TRC), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Tonin FS, Gmünder V, Bonetti AF, Mendes AM, Fernandez-Llimos F. Use of ‘Pharmaceutical services’ Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in articles assessing pharmacists' interventions. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2022; 7:100172. [PMID: 36082143 PMCID: PMC9445408 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus contribute towards efficient searching of biomedical information. However, insufficient coverage of specific fields and inaccuracies in the indexing of articles can lead to bias during literature retrieval. Objectives This meta-research study aimed to assess the use of ‘Pharmaceutical Services’ MeSH terms in studies evaluating the effect of pharmacists' interventions. Methods An updated systematic search (Jan-2022) to gather meta-analyses comparing pharmacists' interventions vs. other forms of care was performed. All MeSH terms allocated to the MEDLINE record of each primary study included in the selected meta-analyses were systematically extracted. Terms from the ‘Pharmaceutical Services’ branch, including its descendants, as well as other 26 pharmacy-specific MeSH terms were identified. The assignment of these terms as a ‘Major MeSH’ was also evaluated. Descriptive statistics and social network analyses to evaluate the co-occurrence of the MeSH terms in the articles were conducted. Sensitivity analyses including only meta-analyses with declared objectives mentioning the words ‘pharmacist’ or ‘pharmacy’ were performed (SPSS v.24.0). Results Overall, 138 meta-analyses including 2012 primary articles were evaluated. A median of 15 [IQR 12–18] MeSH terms were assigned per article with a slight positive time-trend (Spearman rho = 0.193; p < 0.001). Only 36.6% (n = 736/2012) and 58.1% (n = 338/1099) of studies were indexed with one MeSH term from the ‘Pharmaceutical Services’ branch in the overall and sensitivity analyses, respectively. In <20% of cases, these terms were a ‘Major MeSH’. The pharmacy-specific term ‘Pharmacists’ was the most frequently used, yet in only 27.8% and 47.7% of articles in the original and sensitivity analyses, respectively. Social networks showed a weak association between pharmacy-specific and ‘Pharmaceutical services’ branch MeSH terms. Conclusions The availability of a ‘Pharmaceutical services’ branch hierarchic tree and further pharmacy-specific MeSH terms incorporated to the MeSH thesaurus in the past years is not related with accurate indexing of articles. ‘Pharmaceutical Services’ MeSH terms are poorly assigned to pharmacist interventions articles. Among the 26 pharmacy-specific MeSH terms, only ‘Pharmacists’ is fairly used. There is a weak co-occurrence of pharmacy MeSH terms in pharmacy practice articles.
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10
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Fernandez-Llimos F, Mendes AM, Tonin FS. Confusing terminology used in the abbreviation of pharmacy journal names. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3463-3465. [PMID: 35027305 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lack of commonly agreed terminology in pharmacy field is highly prevalent and may have influence on the relevance and robustness of the area, especially how others see pharmacy literature. Potential consequences of this poor perception of pharmacy field by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) could be the omission of several pharmacy-related Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) or the low indexing rate of pharmacy practice journals in MEDLINE. Journal name abbreviation, under the responsibility of the NLM, is the unambiguous way to identify a journal in bibliographic references and catalogs. The present study investigated the consistency of pharmacy journal abbreviations in the NLM Catalog. For the 290 journals containing any word with the root pharm in their names, a consistent procedure for NLM title abbreviations was found for 27 of the words in journal names but not for the abbreviation "Pharm", which represented several words with very different meanings: pharmaceutical, pharmaceutics, pharmacists, and pharmacy. The use by the NLM of different abbreviation for pharmaceutical and pharmaceutics would increase journal identification clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Antonio M Mendes
- Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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11
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Weir NM, Preston K, Newham R, Bennie M. Development of a primary care pharmacy outcomes framework: An umbrella literature review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2757-2777. [PMID: 34353755 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An aging population and rising multi-morbidity has shifted healthcare provision from secondary to primary care. Pharmacy-led services have been introduced to support this. The development of an outcomes framework for these services would facilitate conclusions to be drawn on their effectiveness. OBJECTIVES To identify outcomes used to evaluate pharmacy-led medication therapy and disease management services within primary care settings to develop an outcomes framework for future studies. METHODS An umbrella literature review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and PsycINFO were searched in June 2020 to identify relevant articles. Eligible reviews were those including studies published from 2010 onwards which reported on the outcomes of pharmacy-led medication therapy and disease management services within primary care, excluding community pharmacy settings. Data were extracted and a content analysis, guided by the ECHO model, stratified the outcomes into four areas: economic, clinical, humanistic and service. RESULTS Twenty-four reviews covering 52 unique studies were identified. Pharmacy-led services included: medication reviews (n=24, 46.2%), disease and therapy management (n=17, 32.7%), educational services (n=6, 11.5%), medicines reconciliation (n=3, 5.8%), and medication compliance support (n=1, 1.9%). Services were commonly targeted towards endocrine (n=23, 44.2%) or cardiovascular diseases (n=20, 38.5%). Outcomes most commonly explored were clinical (n=38, 73.1%) and service outcomes (n=37, 71.2%), followed by humanistic (n=23, 44.2%) and economic outcomes (n=13, 25.0%). Overall, 17 sub-categories of outcomes were identified; common sub-categories were: disease indicators [clinical]; medication use and healthcare utilisation [service]; adherence to medicines [humanistic]; and healthcare costs [economic]. CONCLUSIONS The findings informed the development of an outcomes framework to guide the evaluation of medication therapy and disease management services, and facilitate international standardised outcome measures within primary care pharmacy to be developed. This could help offer vital evidence on the effectiveness of these services to ensure the pharmacy workforce is working optimally to support primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Weir
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Robertson Trust Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Kate Preston
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Robertson Trust Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Rosemary Newham
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Robertson Trust Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Marion Bennie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Robertson Trust Wing, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom; Public Health Scotland, National Services Scotland, Gyle Square, 1 South Gyle Crescent, Edinburgh, EH12 9EB, United Kingdom.
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12
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Fernandez-Llimos F. Authors, peer reviewers, and readers: What is expected from each player in collaborative publishing? Pharm Pract (Granada) 2021; 19:2284. [PMID: 33520041 PMCID: PMC7822057 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scholarly publishing is in a crisis, with the many stakeholders complaining about different aspects of the system. Authors want fast publication times, high visibility and publications in high-impact journals. Readers want freely accessible, high-quality articles. Peer reviewers want recognition for the work they perform to ensure the quality of the published articles. However, authors, peer reviewers, and readers are three different roles played by the same group of individuals, the users of the scholarly publishing system—and this system could work based on a collaborative publishing principle where “nobody pays, and nobody gets paid”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- PhD, MPharm, MBA. Editor-in-chief, Pharmacy Practice. Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto . Porto ( Portugal ).
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