1
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Akune-Taylor Y, Kon A, Aoki-Kinoshita KF. In silico simulation of glycosylation and related pathways. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3687-3696. [PMID: 38748247 PMCID: PMC11180631 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Glycans participate in a vast number of recognition systems in diverse organisms in health and in disease. However, glycans cannot be sequenced because there is no sequencer technology that can fully characterize them. There is no "template" for replicating glycans as there are for amino acids and nucleic acids. Instead, glycans are synthesized by a complicated orchestration of multitudes of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Thus glycans can vary greatly in structure, but they are not genetically reproducible and are usually isolated in minute amounts. To characterize (sequence) the glycome (defined as the glycans in a particular organism, tissue, cell, or protein), glycosylation pathway prediction using in silico methods based on glycogene expression data, and glycosylation simulations have been attempted. Since many of the mammalian glycogenes have been identified and cloned, it has become possible to predict the glycan biosynthesis pathway in these systems. By then incorporating systems biology and bioprocessing technologies to these pathway models, given the right enzymatic parameters including enzyme and substrate concentrations and kinetic reaction parameters, it is possible to predict the potentially synthesized glycans in the pathway. This review presents information on the data resources that are currently available to enable in silico simulations of glycosylation and related pathways. Then some of the software tools that have been developed in the past to simulate and analyze glycosylation pathways will be described, followed by a summary and vision for the future developments and research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Akune-Taylor
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akane Kon
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko F Aoki-Kinoshita
- Glycan and Life Systems Integration Center, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.
- iGCORE, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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2
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Scheper AF, Schofield J, Bohara R, Ritter T, Pandit A. Understanding glycosylation: Regulation through the metabolic flux of precursor pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108184. [PMID: 37290585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is how proteins and lipids are modified with complex carbohydrates known as glycans. The post-translational modification of proteins with glycans is not a template-driven process in the same way as genetic transcription or protein translation. Glycosylation is instead dynamically regulated by metabolic flux. This metabolic flux is determined by the concentrations and activities of the glycotransferase enzymes, which synthesise glycans, the metabolites that act as their precursors and transporter proteins. This review provides an overview of the metabolic pathways underlying glycan synthesis. Pathological dysregulation of glycosylation, particularly increased glycosylation occurring during inflammation, is also elucidated. The resulting inflammatory hyperglycosylation acts as a glycosignature of disease, and we report on the changes in the metabolic pathways which feed into glycan synthesis, revealing alterations to key enzymes. Finally, we examine studies in developing metabolic inhibitors targeting these critical enzymes. These results provide the tools for researchers investigating the role of glycan metabolism in inflammation and have helped to identify promising glycotherapeutic approaches to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aert F Scheper
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Jack Schofield
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland; Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Ireland.
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3
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Wu Y, Hao M, Li W, Xu Y, Yan D, Xu Y, Liu W. N-glycomic profiling reveals dysregulated N-glycans of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1220:123662. [PMID: 36905911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing morbidity of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with peripheral neuropathy (PN), efficient screening for T2DM-PN is of great significance. Altered N-glycosylation is closely associated with T2DM progression, whereas its association with T2DM-PN remains uncharacterized. In this study, N-glycomic profiling was performed to identify the N-glycan features between T2DM patients with (n = 39, T2DM-PN) and without PN (n = 36, T2DM-C). Another independent set of T2DM patients (n = 29 for both T2DM-C and T2DM-PN) were utilized to validate these N-glycomic features. There were 10 N-glycans varied significantly between T2DM-C and T2DM-PN (p < 0.05 and 0.7 < AUC < 0.9), of which T2DM-PN was associated with increased oligomannose and core-fucosylation of sialylated glycans, and decreased bisected mono-sialylated glycan. Notably, these results were validated by an independent set of T2DM-C and T2DM-PN. This is the first profiling for N-glycan features in T2DM-PN patients, which reliably differentiates them from T2DM controls, thus providing a prospective profile of glyco-biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of T2DM-PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Wu
- The Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shenzhen, China; The Center for Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Hao
- The Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- The Center for Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Xu
- The Center for Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- The Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- The Center for Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wenlan Liu
- The Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shenzhen, China; The Center for Medical Genetics & Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.
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4
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Enzyme cascades for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars: Updates to recent production strategies. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108727. [PMID: 36521208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sugars play an elementary role in nature as building blocks of glycans, polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. As substrates of Leloir-glycosyltransferases, nucleotide sugars are essential for chemoenzymatic in vitro syntheses. However, high costs and the limited availability of nucleotide sugars prevent applications of biocatalytic cascades on a large industrial scale. Therefore, the focus is increasingly on nucleotide sugar synthesis strategies to make significant application processes feasible. The chemical synthesis of nucleotide sugars and their derivatives is well established, but the yields of these processes are usually low. Enzyme catalysis offers a suitable alternative here, and in the last 30 years, many synthesis routes for nucleotide sugars have been discovered and used for production. However, many of the published procedures shy away from assessing the practicability of their processes. With this review, we give an insight into the development of the (chemo)enzymatic nucleotide sugar synthesis pathways of the last years and present an assessment of critical process parameters such as total turnover number (TTN), space-time yield (STY), and enzyme loading.
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5
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McDonald AG, Davey GP. Simulating the enzymes of ganglioside biosynthesis with Glycologue. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:739-748. [PMID: 33828618 PMCID: PMC8008095 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are an important class of sialylated glycosphingolipids linked to ceramide that are a component of the mammalian cell surface, especially those of the central nervous system, where they function in intercellular recognition and communication. We describe an in silico method for determining the metabolic pathways leading to the most common gangliosides, based on the known enzymes of their biosynthesis. A network of 41 glycolipids is produced by the actions of the 10 enzymes included in the model. The different ganglioside nomenclature systems in common use are compared and a systematic variant of the widely used Svennerholm nomenclature is described. Knockouts of specific enzyme activities are used to simulate congenital defects in ganglioside biosynthesis, and altered ganglioside status in cancer, and the effects on network structure are predicted. The simulator is available at the Glycologue website, https://glycologue.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G McDonald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Suprun EV. Protein post-translational modifications – A challenge for bioelectrochemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Sumit M, Dolatshahi S, Chu AHA, Cote K, Scarcelli JJ, Marshall JK, Cornell RJ, Weiss R, Lauffenburger DA, Mulukutla BC, Figueroa B. Dissecting N-Glycosylation Dynamics in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Fed-batch Cultures using Time Course Omics Analyses. iScience 2019; 12:102-120. [PMID: 30682623 PMCID: PMC6352710 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation affects the potency, safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetic clearance of several therapeutic proteins including monoclonal antibodies. A robust control strategy is needed to dial in appropriate glycosylation profile during the course of cell culture processes accurately. However, N-glycosylation dynamics remains insufficiently understood owing to the lack of integrative analyses of factors that influence the dynamics, including sugar nucleotide donors, glycosyltransferases, and glycosidases. Here, an integrative approach involving multi-dimensional omics analyses was employed to dissect the temporal dynamics of glycoforms produced during fed-batch cultures of CHO cells. Several pathways including glycolysis, tricarboxylic citric acid cycle, and nucleotide biosynthesis exhibited temporal dynamics over the cell culture period. The steps involving galactose and sialic acid addition were determined as temporal bottlenecks. Our results show that galactose, and not manganese, is able to mitigate the temporal bottleneck, despite both being known effectors of galactosylation. Furthermore, sialylation is limited by the galactosylated precursors and autoregulation of cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid biosynthesis. Major glycosylated species exhibit temporal dynamics during fed-batch processes Key metabolic pathways linked to N-glycosylation exhibit significant temporal dynamics Dynamics in nucleotide sugar donors (NSDs) directly influences glycoform heterogeneity Glycoform heterogeneity can be mitigated by supplementing NSD biosynthetic precursors
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuresh Sumit
- Culture Process Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Sepideh Dolatshahi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - An-Hsiang Adam Chu
- Analytical Research and Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Kaffa Cote
- Analytical Research and Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - John J Scarcelli
- Cell Line Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Marshall
- Analytical Research and Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Richard J Cornell
- Analytical Research and Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bhanu Chandra Mulukutla
- Culture Process Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA.
| | - Bruno Figueroa
- Culture Process Development, Bio Therapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
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Dotz V, Lemmers RFH, Reiding KR, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Lieverse AG, Mulder MT, Sijbrands EJG, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M. Plasma protein N-glycan signatures of type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2613-2622. [PMID: 30251656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about enzymatic N-glycosylation in type 2 diabetes, a common posttranslational modification of proteins influencing their function and integrating genetic and environmental influences. We sought to gain insights into N-glycosylation to uncover yet unexplored pathophysiological mechanisms in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using a high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method, we measured N-glycans in plasma samples of the DiaGene case-control study (1583 cases and 728 controls). Associations were investigated with logistic regression and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and smoking. Findings were replicated in a nested replication cohort of 232 cases and 108 controls. RESULTS Eighteen glycosylation features were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Fucosylation and bisection of diantennary glycans were decreased in diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, p = 1.26E-03, and OR = 0.87, p = 2.84E-02, respectively), whereas total and, specifically, alpha2,6-linked sialylation were increased (OR = 1.38, p = 9.92E-07, and OR = 1.40, p = 5.48E-07). Alpha2,3-linked sialylation of triantennary glycans was decreased (OR = 0.60, p = 6.38E-11). CONCLUSIONS While some glycosylation changes were reflective of inflammation, such as increased alpha2,6-linked sialylation, our finding of decreased alpha2,3-linked sialylation in type 2 diabetes patients is contradictory to reports on acute and chronic inflammation. Thus, it might have previously unreported immunological implications in type 2 diabetes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides new insights into N-glycosylation patterns in type 2 diabetes, which can fuel studies on causal mechanisms and consequences of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Roosmarijn F H Lemmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Aloysius G Lieverse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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McDonald AG, Tipton KF, Davey GP. A mechanism for bistability in glycosylation. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006348. [PMID: 30074989 PMCID: PMC6093706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are a class of enzymes that catalyse the posttranslational modification of proteins to produce a large number of glycoconjugate acceptors from a limited number of nucleotide-sugar donors. The products of one glycosyltransferase can be the substrates of several other enzymes, causing a combinatorial explosion in the number of possible glycan products. The kinetic behaviour of systems where multiple acceptor substrates compete for a single enzyme is presented, and the case in which high concentrations of an acceptor substrate are inhibitory as a result of abortive complex formation, is shown to result in non-Michaelian kinetics that can lead to bistability in an open system. A kinetic mechanism is proposed that is consistent with the available experimental evidence and provides a possible explanation for conflicting observations on the β-1,4-galactosyltransferases. Abrupt switching between steady states in networks of glycosyltransferase-catalysed reactions may account for the observed changes in glycosyl-epitopes in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. McDonald
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (AGM); (GPD)
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P. Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (AGM); (GPD)
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Blondeel EJM, Aucoin MG. Supplementing glycosylation: A review of applying nucleotide-sugar precursors to growth medium to affect therapeutic recombinant protein glycoform distributions. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1505-1523. [PMID: 29913209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute (CQA) of many therapeutic proteins, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and is a major consideration in the approval of biosimilar biologics due to its effects to therapeutic efficacy. Glycosylation generates a distribution of glycoforms, resulting in glycoproteins with inherent molecule-to-molecule heterogeneity, capable of activating (or failing to activate) different effector functions of the immune system. Glycoforms can be affected by the supplementation of nucleotide-sugar precursors, and related components, to culture growth medium, affecting the metabolism of glycosylation. These supplementations has been demonstrated to increase nucleotide-sugar intracellular pools, and impact glycoform distributions, but with varied results. These variations can be attributed to five key factors: Differences between cell platforms (enzyme/transporter expression levels); differences between recombinant proteins produced (glycan-site accessibility); the fermentation and sampling timeline (glucose availability and exoglycosidase accumulation); glutamine levels (affecting ammonia levels, which impact Golgi pH, as well as UDP-GlcNAc pools); and finally, a lack of standardized metrics for observing shifts in glycoform distributions (glycosylation indices) across different experiments. The purpose of this review is to provide detail and clarity on the state of the art of supplementation strategies for nucleotide-sugar precursors for affecting glycosylation in cell culture processes, and to apply glycosylation indices for standardized comparisons across the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J M Blondeel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Morelle W, Potelle S, Witters P, Wong S, Climer L, Lupashin V, Matthijs G, Gadomski T, Jaeken J, Cassiman D, Morava E, Foulquier F. Galactose Supplementation in Patients With TMEM165-CDG Rescues the Glycosylation Defects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1375-1386. [PMID: 28323990 PMCID: PMC6283449 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT TMEM165 deficiency is a severe multisystem disease that manifests with metabolic, endocrine, and skeletal involvement. It leads to one type of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly growing group of inherited diseases in which the glycosylation process is altered. Patients have decreased galactosylation by serum glycan analysis. There are >100 CDGs, but only specific types are treatable. OBJECTIVE Galactose has been shown to be beneficial in other CDG types with abnormal galactosylation. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of galactose supplementation on Golgi glycosylation in TMEM165-depleted HEK293 cells, as well as in 2 patients with TMEM165-CDG and in their cultured skin fibroblast cells. DESIGN AND SETTING Glycosylation was assessed by mass spectrometry, western blot analysis, and transferrin isoelectrofocusing. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS Both unrelated patients with TMEM165-CDG with the same deep intronic homozygous mutation (c.792+182G>A) were allocated to receive d-galactose in a daily dose of 1 g/kg. RESULTS We analyzed N-linked glycans and glycolipids in knockout TMEM165 HEK293 cells, revealing severe hypogalactosylation and GalNAc transfer defects. Although these defects were completely corrected by the addition of Mn2+, we demonstrated that the observed N-glycosylation defect could also be overcome by galactose supplementation. We then demonstrated that oral galactose supplementation in patients with TMEM165-deficient CDG improved biochemical and clinical parameters, including a substantial increase in the negatively charged transferrin isoforms, and a decrease in hypogalactosylated total N-glycan structures, endocrine function, and coagulation parameters. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first description of abnormal glycosylation of lipids in the TMEM165 defect and the first report of successful dietary treatment in TMEM165 deficiency. We recommend the use of oral d-galactose therapy in TMEM165-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Morelle
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Française, UMR 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sven Potelle
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Française, UMR 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Peter Witters
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sunnie Wong
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Leslie Climer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Therese Gadomski
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Metabolic Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - François Foulquier
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Française, UMR 8576-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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12
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Biomimetic Principles to Develop Blood Compatible Surfaces. Int J Artif Organs 2017; 40:22-30. [DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized biomaterial surface patterns capable of resisting nonspecific adsorption while retaining their bioactivity are crucial in the advancement of biomedical technologies, but currently available biomaterials intended for use in whole blood frequently suffer from nonspecific adsorption of proteins and cells, leading to a loss of activity over time. In this review, we address two concepts for the design and modification of blood compatible biomaterial surfaces, zwitterionic modification and surface functionalization with glycans – both of which are inspired by the membrane structure of mammalian cells – and discuss their potential for biomedical applications.
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Hayes JM, Wormald MR, Rudd PM, Davey GP. Fc gamma receptors: glycobiology and therapeutic prospects. J Inflamm Res 2016; 9:209-219. [PMID: 27895507 PMCID: PMC5118039 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies hold great promise for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, and developments in antibody–drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies continue to enhance treatment options for patients. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies are proteins with complex modifications, which have a significant impact on their function. The most important of these modifications is glycosylation, the addition of conserved glycans to the antibody Fc region, which is critical for its interaction with the immune system and induction of effector activities such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, complement activation and phagocytosis. Communication of IgG antibodies with the immune system is controlled and mediated by Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs), membrane-bound proteins, which relay the information sensed and gathered by antibodies to the immune system. These receptors are also glycoproteins and provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Recent information suggests that this receptor glycan modification is also important for the interaction with antibodies and downstream immune response. In this study, the current knowledge on FcγR glycosylation is discussed, and some insight into its role and influence on the interaction properties with IgG, particularly in the context of biotherapeutics, is provided. For the purpose of this study, other Fc receptors such as FcαR, FcεR or FcRn are not discussed extensively, as IgG-based antibodies are currently the only therapeutic antibody-based products on the market. In addition, FcγRs as therapeutics and therapeutic targets are discussed, and insight into and comment on the therapeutic aspects of receptor glycosylation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrard M Hayes
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark R Wormald
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT Glycoscience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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