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Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases as Potential Targets for Thrombosis Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094840. [PMID: 35563228 PMCID: PMC9105564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As integral parts of pathological arterial thrombi, platelets are the targets of pharmacological regimens designed to treat and prevent thrombosis. A detailed understanding of platelet biology and function is thus key to design treatments that prevent thrombotic cardiovascular disease without significant disruption of the haemostatic balance. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a group of lipid kinases critical to various aspects of platelet biology. There are eight PI3K isoforms, grouped into three classes. Our understanding of PI3K biology has recently progressed with the targeting of specific isoforms emerging as an attractive therapeutic strategy in various human diseases, including for thrombosis. This review will focus on the role of PI3K subtypes in platelet function and subsequent thrombus formation. Understanding the mechanisms by which platelet function is regulated by the various PI3Ks edges us closer toward targeting specific PI3K isoforms for anti-thrombotic therapy.
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Hashimoto D, Fujimoto K, Morioka S, Ayabe S, Kataoka T, Fukumura R, Ueda Y, Kajimoto M, Hyuga T, Suzuki K, Hara I, Asamura S, Wakana S, Yoshiki A, Gondo Y, Tamura M, Sasaki T, Yamada G. Establishment of mouse line showing inducible priapism-like phenotypes. Reprod Med Biol 2022; 21:e12472. [PMID: 35765371 PMCID: PMC9207557 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Penile research is expected to reveal new targets for treatment and prevention of the complex mechanisms of its disorder including erectile dysfunction (ED). Thus, analyses of the molecular processes of penile ED and continuous erection as priapism are essential issues of reproductive medicine. Methods By performing mouse N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea mutagenesis and exome sequencing, we established a novel mouse line displaying protruded genitalia phenotype (PGP; priapism‐like phenotype) and identified a novel Pitpna gene mutation for PGP. Extensive histological analyses on the Pitpna mutant and intracavernous pressure measurement (ICP) and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI/MS)/MS analyses were performed. Results We evaluated the role of phospholipids during erection for the first time and showed the mutants of inducible phenotypes of priapism. Moreover, quantitative analysis using LC–ESI/MS/MS revealed that the level of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was significantly lower in the mutant penile samples. These results imply that PI may contribute to penile erection by PITPα. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the current mutant is a mouse model for priapism and abnormalities in PI signaling pathways through PITPα may lead to priapism providing an attractive novel therapeutic target in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Shin Morioka
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid Biology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Ayabe
- Experimental Animal Division RIKEN BioResource Research Center Ibaraki Japan
| | - Tomoya Kataoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University Nagoya Japan
| | - Ryutaro Fukumura
- Clinical Laboratories Department sSRL & Shizuoka Cancer Center Collaborative Laboratories, Inc Shizuoka Pref Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Urology Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Mizuki Kajimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Pediatric Urology Children's Medical Center Tochigi Jichi Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Department of Animal Experimentation Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe Creative Lab for Innovation in Kobe 5F 6-3-7 Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division RIKEN BioResource Research Center Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoichi Gondo
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine Tokai University School of Medicine Isehara-shi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis RIKEN BioResource Research Center Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology/Lipid Biology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Tokyo Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Wakayama Medical University Wakayama Japan
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Integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies novel loci associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 33479212 PMCID: PMC7820351 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), and major depressive disorder (MDD) share common clinical presentations, suggesting etiologic overlap. A substantial proportion of SNP-based heritability for neuropsychiatric disorders is attributable to genetic components, and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) focusing on individual diseases have identified multiple genetic loci shared between these diseases. Here, we aimed at identifying novel genetic loci associated with individual neuropsychiatric diseases and genetic loci shared by neuropsychiatric diseases. We performed multi-trait joint analyses and meta-analysis across five neuropsychiatric disorders based on their summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), and further carried out a replication study of ADHD among 2726 cases and 16299 controls in an independent pediatric cohort. In the multi-trait joint analyses, we found five novel genome-wide significant loci for ADHD, one novel locus for BIP, and ten novel loci for MDD. We further achieved modest replication in our independent pediatric dataset. We conducted fine-mapping and functional annotation through an integrative multi-omics approach and identified causal variants and potential target genes at each novel locus. Gene expression profile and gene-set enrichment analysis further suggested early developmental stage expression pattern and postsynaptic membrane compartment enrichment of candidate genes at the genome-wide significant loci of these neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, through a multi-omics approach, we identified novel genetic loci associated with the five neuropsychiatric disorders which may help to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Matsumoto J, Nakanishi H, Kunii Y, Sugiura Y, Yuki D, Wada A, Hino M, Niwa SI, Kondo T, Waki M, Hayasaka T, Masaki N, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Yamamoto S, Sato S, Sasaki T, Setou M, Yabe H. Decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol level in the post-mortem prefrontal cortex of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45050. [PMID: 28332626 PMCID: PMC5362900 DOI: 10.1038/srep45050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of schizophrenia includes phospholipid abnormalities. Phospholipids are bioactive substances essential for brain function. To analyze differences in the quantity and types of phospholipids present in the brain tissue of patients with schizophrenia, we performed a global analysis of phospholipids in multiple brain samples using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS) and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). We found significantly decreased 16:0/20:4-phosphatidylinositol (PI) levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the brains from patients with schizophrenia in the LC-ESI/MS/MS, and that the 16:0/20:4-PI in grey matter was most prominently diminished according to the IMS experiments. Previous reports investigating PI pathology of schizophrenia did not identify differences in the sn-1 and sn-2 fatty acyl chains. This study is the first to clear the fatty acid composition of PI in brains from patients with schizophrenia. Alteration in the characteristic fatty acid composition of PI may also affect neuronal function, and could play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Although further studies are necessary to understand the role of reduced 16:0/20:4-PI levels within the prefrontal cortex in the etiology of schizophrenia, our results provide insight into the development of a novel therapy for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakanishi
- Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Akita Lipid Technologies, LLC.,1-2, Nukazuka, Yanagida, Akita, 010-0825, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, 21-2 Maeda, Yazawa Kawahigashimachi, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima 969-3492, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Dai Yuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Akira Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Niwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Aizu Medical Center, Fukushima Medical University, 21-2 Maeda, Yazawa Kawahigashimachi, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima 969-3492, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Michihiko Waki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayasaka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Masaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-based Medical Education/Department of Community-based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Sakon Yamamoto
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, 19-14 Yamanaka, Noyori-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8124, Japan
- Quests Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Research Center for Biosignal, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Akita Lipid Technologies, LLC.,1-2, Nukazuka, Yanagida, Akita, 010-0825, Japan
- Department of Medical Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Tokushima 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, The university of Hong Kong, 6/F, William MW Mong Block 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Division of Neural Systematics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Riken Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Kordi-Tamandani DM, Mir A. Relationship between phosphoinositide-3-kinase genetic polymorphism and schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:272-5. [PMID: 26643470 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Schizophrenia, with incidence of 1% worldwide, is a common mental disorder. Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, intracellular trafficking, and survival. These enzymes play an important role in the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The PIK3CA gene encodes the alpha catalytic subunit of the PI3K enzyme. The present study analysed the role of three SNPs of the PIK3CA gene (rs6443624 (A/C), rs7640662(C/G) and rs7621329(C/T)) in the development of schizophrenia. METHODS In this case-controlled study, DNA was extracted from blood samples from 108 patients with schizophrenia and 108 healthy patients as controls. Genotypic analyses of PIK3CA SNPs rs6443624 (A/C), rs7640662(C/G) and rs7621329(C/T) were made using the tetra primer ARMS-PCR technique. RESULTS The outcome shows significant difference between CT and the combined genotype (CT + TT) of rs7621329 and the risk of schizophrenia (OR = 6.4, 95% CI = 3.023-14.23, p < 0.0001). Outcome showed no significant difference for were for analyses of the rs6443624 and rs7640662 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an association between PIK3CA gene polymorphism on the rs7621329(C/T) site and the risk of schizophrenia. Further study of the genetic population using a larger sample size is necessary in order to validate these present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atefeh Mir
- a Department of Biology , University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran
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No effect of adjunctive, repeated dose intranasal insulin treatment on body metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 146:40-5. [PMID: 23434504 PMCID: PMC3622829 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of adjunctive intranasal insulin therapy on body metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Each subject had a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and had been on stable dose of antipsychotic agent for at least one month. In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either intranasal insulin (40 IU 4 times per day) or placebo. The whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess body composition. Lipid particles were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All assessments were conducted at baseline, and repeated at week 8. RESULTS A total number of 39 subjects completed the study (18 in the insulin group, 21 in the placebo group). There were no significant differences between the two groups in week 8 changes for body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, as well as various measures of lipid particles (p's>0.100). The DXA assessment showed no significant differences between the two groups in week 8 changes for fat mass, lean mass or total mass (p's>0.100). CONCLUSION In the present study, adjunctive therapy of intranasal insulin did not seem to improve body metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. The implications for future studies were discussed.
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No effect of adjunctive, repeated-dose intranasal insulin treatment on psychopathology and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013; 33:226-30. [PMID: 23422397 PMCID: PMC5366038 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e31828701d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of adjunctive intranasal insulin therapy on psychopathology and cognition in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Each subject had a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and been on stable antipsychotics for at least 1 month. In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects received either intranasal insulin (40 IU 4 times per day) or placebo. Psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. A neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive performance. The assessment for psychopathology and cognition was conducted at baseline, week 4, and week 8. RESULTS A total of 45 subjects were enrolled in the study (21 in the insulin group and 24 in the placebo group). The mixed model analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the 2 groups at week 8 on various psychopathology and cognitive measures (P > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive therapy with intranasal insulin did not seem to be beneficial in improving schizophrenia symptoms or cognition in the present study. The implications for future studies were discussed.
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Carrard A, Salzmann A, Perroud N, Gafner J, Malafosse A, Karege F. Genetic association of the Phosphoinositide-3 kinase in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and interaction with a BDNF gene polymorphism. Brain Behav 2011; 1:119-24. [PMID: 22399091 PMCID: PMC3236546 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class III (PIK3C3) is a member of the phosphoinosite-3-kinases family, involved in cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and neurodevelopment. Previous studies have indeed shown an association between PIK3C3 gene variants and both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurodevelopmental factor, which can regulate the PI3K signaling pathway. Associations have been reported between BDNF gene polymorphisms and affective and psychotic disorders. The aim of the present study was to replicate an association between PIK3C3 and BDNF gene variants in SZ and BD and a putative epistasis between the two genes. Patients meeting the DSM-IV criteria of BD and SZ were included in this study (98 BD and 79 SZ) as well as 158 healthy controls. Blood DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed either by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique followed by enzymatic digestion or by the high-resolution melt (HRM) method. Genotype and haplotype association was assessed with the UNPHASED statistical program.The results showed one nominal association with BD (P < 0.02) and two risk haplotypes in both SZ (P < 0.001) and BP (P < 0.0005), which survived multiple testing correction. A modest interaction between a BDNF variant and PI3KC3 polymorphism was observed (P < 0.04).These preliminary results confirm the genetic association of PI3K gene variants with both SZ and BD, and support the hypothesis that SZ and BD share a genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Carrard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Annick Salzmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nader Perroud
- Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Gafner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Malafosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Félicien Karege
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Genetics and Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, 2 ch Petit Bel‐Air, CH‐1225 Chêne‐Bourg, Geneva, Switzerland
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Promoter variant of PIK3C3 is associated with autoimmunity against Ro and Sm epitopes in African-American lupus patients. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:826434. [PMID: 20671926 PMCID: PMC2910508 DOI: 10.1155/2010/826434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The PIK3C3 locus was implicated in case-case genome-wide association study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which we had performed to detect genes associated with autoantibodies and serum interferon-alpha (IFN-α). Herein, we examine a PIK3C3 promoter variant (rs3813065/-442 C/T) in an independent multiancestral cohort of 478 SLE cases and 522 controls. rs3813065 C was strongly associated with the simultaneous presence of both anti-Ro and anti-Sm antibodies in African-American patients [OR = 2.24 (1.34–3.73), P = 2.0 × 10−3]. This autoantibody profile was associated with higher serum IFN-α (P = 7.6 × 10−6). In the HapMap Yoruba population, rs3813065 was associated with differential expression of ERAP2 (P = 2.0 × 10−5), which encodes an enzyme involved in MHC class I peptide processing. Thus, rs3813065 C is associated with a particular autoantibody profile and altered expression of an MHC peptide processing enzyme, suggesting that this variant modulates serologic autoimmunity in African-American SLE patients.
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Falasca M, Maffucci T. Rethinking phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1795-803. [PMID: 19852987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A generally accepted view considers phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PtdIns3P) as a lipid confined to the endosomal compartment where it regulates trafficking pathways and is produced constitutively and exclusively by class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Recent evidence suggests that this phosphoinositide has a more complex role as a second messenger involved in different physiological and pathological events and that specific intracellular localization of kinases and/or phosphatases is critical for PtdIns3P synthesis and PtdIns3P-dependent intracellular functions. Here, we review the current knowledge of the regulation and function of PtdIns3P and discuss how the view of PtdIns3P changed in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Diabetes, Inositide Signalling Group, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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Kanahara N, Miyatake R, Sekine Y, Inada T, Ozaki N, Iwata N, Harano M, Komiyama T, Yamada M, Sora I, Ujike H, Iyo M, Hashimoto K. Association study between the PIK4CA gene and methamphetamine use disorder in a Japanese population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:233-8. [PMID: 18521859 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that phosphatidylinositol (PI) pathways have been involved in the secretion of dopamine (DA) and the regulation of DA transporter, which is a target of methamphetamine (METH). A recent large-scale gene-association study in a Dutch population demonstrated that the PIK4CA gene was closely linked to schizophrenia [Jungerius et al. (2007); Mol Psychiatry]. Here, we conducted a case (N = 232)-control (N = 233) study of the PIK4CA gene on Japanese METH abusers, which can manifest severe psychosis similar to schizophrenia. The genotype and allelic distributions of all four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) did not differ significantly between the METH abusers and the controls. The comparisons based on the classification of the psychosis as transient or prolonged and on the presence or absence of spontaneous relapse revealed no significant distribution of the four SNPs compared to the controls. Furthermore, haplotype analyses showed almost the same frequencies between the METH abusers and the controls. The present study suggests that the PIK4CA gene does not play a significant role in the vulnerability to METH use disorder in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Girgis RR, Javitch JA, Lieberman JA. Antipsychotic drug mechanisms: links between therapeutic effects, metabolic side effects and the insulin signaling pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:918-29. [PMID: 18414407 PMCID: PMC3618283 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The exact therapeutic mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs remains unclear. Recent evidence has shown that second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) are differentially associated with metabolic side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotic drugs (FGAs). Their proclivity to cause metabolic disturbances correlates, to some degree, with their comparative efficacy. This is particularly the case for clozapine and olanzapine. In addition, the insulin signaling pathway is vital for normal brain development and function. Abnormalities of this pathway have been found in persons with schizophrenia and antipsychotic drugs may ameliorate some of these alterations. This prompted us to hypothesize that the therapeutic antipsychotic and adverse metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs might be related to a common pharmacologic mechanism. This article reviews insulin metabolism in the brain and related abnormalities associated with schizophrenia with the goals of gaining insight into antipsychotic drug effects and possibly also into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Finally, we speculate about one potential mechanism of action (that is, functional selectivity) that would be consistent with the data reviewed herein and make suggestions for the future investigation that is required before a therapeutic agent based on these data can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- RR Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - JA Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - JA Lieberman
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are lipid second messengers implicated in signal transduction and membrane trafficking. Seven distinct PIs can be synthesized by phosphorylation of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), and their metabolism is accurately regulated by PI kinases and phosphatases. Two of the PIs, PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P2, are present on intracellular endosomal compartments, and several studies suggest that they have a role in membrane remodeling and trafficking. We refer to them as ‘endosomal PIs’. An increasing number of human genetic diseases including myopathy and neuropathies are associated to mutations in enzymes regulating the turnover of these endosomal PIs. The PtdIns3P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 3-phosphatase myotubularin gene is mutated in X-linked centronuclear myopathy, whereas its homologs MTMR2 and MTMR13 and the PtdIns(3,5)P2 5-phosphatase SAC3/FIG4 are implicated in Charcot–Marie–Tooth peripheral neuropathies. Mutations in the gene encoding the PtdIns3P5-kinase PIP5K3/PIKfyve have been found in patients affected with François–Neetens fleck corneal dystrophy. This review presents the roles of the endosomal PIs and their regulators and proposes defects of membrane remodeling as a common pathological mechanism for the corresponding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U596, CNRS UMR 7104, Université Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg, Collège de France, 67404 Illkirch, France
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14
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Abstract
The Class III PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), Vps34 (vacuolar protein sorting 34), was first described as a component of the vacuolar sorting system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is the sole PI3K in yeast. The homologue in mammalian cells, hVps34, has been studied extensively in the context of endocytic sorting. However, hVps34 also plays an important role in the ability of cells to respond to changes in nutrient conditions. Recent studies have shown that mammalian hVps34 is required for the activation of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/S6K1 (S6 kinase 1) pathway, which regulates protein synthesis in response to nutrient availability. In both yeast and mammalian cells, Class III PI3Ks are also required for the induction of autophagy during nutrient deprivation. Finally, mammalian hVps34 is itself regulated by nutrients. Thus Class III PI3Ks are implicated in the regulation of both autophagy and, through the mTOR pathway, protein synthesis, and thus contribute to the integration of cellular responses to changing nutritional status.
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15
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Pedrosa E, Ye K, Nolan KA, Morrell L, Okun JM, Persky AD, Saito T, Lachman HM. Positive association of schizophrenia to JARID2 gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:45-51. [PMID: 16967465 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysbindin (DTNBP1) is a positional candidate gene for 6p22.3-linked schizophrenia (SZ). However, so far, no disease-causing alleles have been identified. DTNBP1 is immediately adjacent to JARID2, a member of the ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) family of transcription modulators. We have previously suggested that proteins which bind to AT-rich domains could play a role in SZ pathogenesis. Consequently, we explored the possibility that JARID2 itself could be a candidate gene for 6p22.3-linked SZ. We used a case control design to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion variants affecting AT-rich domains in both the DTNBP1 and JARID2 genes. Three of the DTNBP1 SNPs analyzed had previously been shown to be associated with SZ. We did not detect any significant difference in allele, genotype or haplotype distribution for any of these DTNBP1 markers. However, we did detect a significant difference in allele distribution for a tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the JARID2 gene that affects an AT-rich domain. A significant increase in short alleles (less than 11 repeats) was found in patients with SZ (chi(2) = 7.02; P = 0.008). No other JARID2 marker displayed statistically significant allele and genotype distributions. Our findings suggest that JARID2 should be viewed as a candidate gene for 6p22.3-linked SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Pedrosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Basic Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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16
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Lachman HM, Stopkova P, Papolos DF, Pedrosa E, Margolis B, Aghalar MR, Saito T. Analysis of synapsin III-196 promoter mutation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2006; 53:57-62. [PMID: 16511335 DOI: 10.1159/000091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 22q13-linked gene synapsin III is a positional candidate gene for schizophrenia (SZ). One interesting synapsin III single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), -196G/A, has been identified in the promoter region. The -196A allele results in a 6/8 base match to the core recognition octamer sequence for Oct-1, a member of the POU family of transcription factors. OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not the -196 SNP is associated with either SZ or bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS A case control comparison was used to determine whether or not differences in allele or genotype distribution occurred in patients with SZ and BD. Electromobility gel shift assay (EMSA) was used to determine whether the -196 SNP affected protein binding. RESULTS A trend towards significance was detected when the allele distribution was analyzed in Caucasian patients with SZ (n = 145; 191 controls) and a cohort of subjects from the Czech Republic with BD (n = 82; 94 controls). No association was found in bipolar patients from the United States (n = 127) or in African-American patients with SZ (n = 124; 133 controls). EMSA showed that the region encompassing the -196 SNP binds to a brain protein in an allele-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS These data, while inconclusive, suggest that -196 SNP should be further investigated as a candidate for 22q13-linked SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert M Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Psychiatry Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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