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Chen T, Qin XJ, Cui JF, Gan MY, Tan SP, Wang Y, Irish M. Balanced time perspective and its relationship with clinical and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McMackin R, Dukic S, Costello E, Pinto-Grau M, Fasano A, Buxo T, Heverin M, Reilly R, Muthuraman M, Pender N, Hardiman O, Nasseroleslami B. Localization of Brain Networks Engaged by the Sustained Attention to Response Task Provides Quantitative Markers of Executive Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4834-4846. [PMID: 32318719 PMCID: PMC7391267 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify cortical regions engaged during the sustained attention to response task (SART) and characterize changes in their activity associated with the neurodegenerative condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 33 controls and 23 ALS patients during a SART paradigm. Differences in associated event-related potential peaks were measured for Go and NoGo trials. Sources active during these peaks were localized, and ALS-associated differences were quantified. Results: Go and NoGo N2 and P3 peak sources were localized to the left primary motor cortex, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and lateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC). NoGo trials evoked greater bilateral medial PPC activity during N2 and lesser left insular, PPC and DLPFC activity during P3. Widespread cortical hyperactivity was identified in ALS during P3. Changes in the inferior parietal lobule and insular activity provided very good discrimination (AUROC > 0.75) between patients and controls. Activation of the right precuneus during P3 related to greater executive function in ALS, indicative of a compensatory role. Interpretation: The SART engages numerous frontal and parietal cortical structures. SART–EEG measures correlate with specific cognitive impairments that can be localized to specific structures, aiding in differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roisin McMackin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Stefan Dukic
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmet Costello
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Marta Pinto-Grau
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Department of Psychology, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Fasano
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Teresa Buxo
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Mark Heverin
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Richard Reilly
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, Johannes-Gutenberg- University Hospital, D55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Niall Pender
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Department of Psychology, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital Dublin, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bahman Nasseroleslami
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
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Abu-Akel A, Philip RCM, Lawrie SM, Johnstone EC, Stanfield AC. Categorical and Dimensional Approaches to Examining the Joint Effect of Autism and Schizotypal Personality Disorder on Sustained Attention. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:798. [PMID: 32848955 PMCID: PMC7426517 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence for the co-occurrence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) at both the diagnostic and symptom levels raises important questions about the nature of their association and the effect of their co-occurrence on the individual's phenotype and functional outcome. Research comparing adults with ASD and SPD, as well as the impact of their co-occurrence on outcomes is extremely limited. We investigated executive functioning in terms of response inhibition and sustained attention, candidate endophenotypes of both conditions, in adults with ASD, SPD, comorbid ASD and SPD, and neurotypical adults using both categorical and dimensional approaches. METHODS A total of 88 adults (Mean Age = 37.54; SD = 10.17): ASD (n = 26; M/F = 20/6); SPD (n = 20; M/F = 14/6); comorbid ASD and SPD (n=9; M/F=6/3) and neurotypicals (n=33; M/F=23/10) completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) in both its fixed and random forms. Positive and autistic symptom severity was assessed with the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSSpos) and the PANSS Autism Severity Score (PAUSS), respectively. RESULTS Controlling for full scale IQ, working memory and medication dosage, group analyses revealed that the comorbid group committed fewer omission errors than the ASD group on the fixed SART, and fewer omission errors than the ASD and SPD groups on the random SART. The individual difference analyses of the entire sample revealed that the PANSSpos and PAUSS interactively reduced omission errors in both the fixed and random SARTs, as well as increased d' scores, indicative of improved overall performance. We observed no significant results for commission errors or reaction time. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent elevated levels of autistic and positive psychotic symptoms seem to be associated with improved sustained attention abilities (reduced omission errors) but not inhibition (commission errors). Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the concurrent effect of ASD and SPD at both the symptom and diagnostic levels, and raise important questions for future research regarding the clinical and behavioral phenotypes of adults with dual diagnosis and, more generally, about the nature of the relationship between ASD and SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruth C M Philip
- Tailor Ed Foundation, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eve C Johnstone
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Stanfield
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Chen T, Qin XJ, Cui JF, Li Y, Liu LL, Wang P, Tao SL, Shum DH, Wang Y, Chan RC. Mind wandering in schizophrenia: A thought-sampling study. Conscious Cogn 2019; 74:102774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Holland JF, Cosgrove D, Whitton L, Harold D, Corvin A, Gill M, Mothersill DO, Morris DW, Donohoe G. Beyond C4: Analysis of the complement gene pathway shows enrichment for IQ in patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12602. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F. Holland
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Donna Cosgrove
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Laura Whitton
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Denise Harold
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- School of BiotechnologyDublin City University Dublin Ireland
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Molecular MedicineTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - David O. Mothersill
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics & Cognitive Therapy Group, The Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), School of Psychology and Discipline of BiochemistryNational University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
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Ke X, Ding Y, Xu K, He H, Wang D, Deng X, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhou C, Liu Y, Ning Y, Fan N. The profile of cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine users. Psychiatry Res 2018; 266:124-131. [PMID: 29864611 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive function in chronic ketamine users. Factors correlated to cognition impairments were analyzed. Sixty-three chronic ketamine users and 65 healthy subjects were recruited. Cognitive function was assessed by using immediate/delayed visual reproduction (IVR/DVR) tasks, immediate/delayed logical memory (ILM/DLM) tasks, Stroop test, Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and continuous performance test (CPT). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Ketamine users performed worse than controls on the IVR, ILM, DLM, Stroop and auditory CPT tests. IVR and DVR, color-naming and color-interference-reading scores were positively correlated with education level. In ketamine users ILM scores were negatively correlated with the negative subscale of PANSS. DLM score was positively correlated with average dose of ketamine use. Word-reading score was positively correlated with education level, and negatively correlated with duration of ketamine use. False hits in auditory CPT was positively correlated with duration of ketamine use. Number of trials to complete the first category and perseverative errors on WCST were positively correlated with the duration between the test and last ketamine use. Chronic ketamine users had cognitive impairments across multiple domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Ke
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China; Shenzhen Kangning Hospital (Mental Health College of Shenzhen University), 1080 Cuizhu Rd., Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
| | - Yi Ding
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hongbo He
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Daping Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Xuefeng Deng
- Guangzhou Baiyun voluntary drug rehabilitation hospital, 586 North of Baiyun Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Xifan Zhang
- Guangzhou Baiyun voluntary drug rehabilitation hospital, 586 North of Baiyun Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510440, China
| | - Yanling Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China.
| | - Ni Fan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, China.
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Naim-Feil J, Rubinson M, Freche D, Grinshpoon A, Peled A, Moses E, Levit-Binnun N. Altered Brain Network Dynamics in Schizophrenia: A Cognitive Electroencephalography Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoonakker M, Doignon-Camus N, Bonnefond A. Sustaining attention to simple visual tasks: a central deficit in schizophrenia? A systematic review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1408:32-45. [PMID: 29090832 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in sustained attention, that is, the ability to achieve and maintain the focus of cognitive activity on a given stimulation source or task, have been described as central to schizophrenia. Today, sustained attention deficit is still considered as a hallmark of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, current findings on this topic are not consistent. To clarify these findings, we attempt to put these results into perspective according to the type of assessment (i.e., overall and over time assessment), the participants' characteristics (i.e., clinical and demographic characteristics), and the paradigms (i.e., traditionally formatted tasks, go/no-go tasks, and the sustained attention task) and measures used. Two types of assessment lead to opposite findings; they do not evaluate sustained attention the same way. Studies using overall assessments of sustained attention ability tend to reveal a deficit, whereas studies using over time assessments do not. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the underlying cognitive control mechanisms of changes in sustained attention in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hoonakker
- INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadège Doignon-Camus
- University of Strasbourg, University of Haute-Alsace, University of Lorraine, LISEC EA 2310, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Bonnefond
- INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Hoonakker M, Doignon-Camus N, Marques-Carneiro JE, Bonnefond A. Sustained attention ability in schizophrenia: Investigation of conflict monitoring mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1599-1607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Schneider M, Van der Linden M, Menghetti S, Debbané M, Eliez S. Negative and paranoid symptoms are associated with negative performance beliefs and social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Early Interv Psychiatry 2017; 11:156-164. [PMID: 25726949 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Previous studies have shown that negative symptoms represent the most specific clinical characteristic of psychosis in 22q11.2DS and are strongly associated with outcome. However, the psychological mechanisms associated with these symptoms in this population are poorly understood. In accordance with recent conceptualizations in the field of schizophrenia, the present study aims at investigating whether negative symptoms are associated with the presence of negative performance beliefs and cognitive deficits. METHODS Thirty-five participants with 22q11.2DS and 24 typically developing individuals aged between 11 and 24 years were included in the study. Self-reported schizotypal symptoms (cognitive-perceptual, paranoid, negative and disorganization symptoms) and dysfunctional beliefs (negative performance beliefs and need for approval) were assessed. Measures of processing speed, verbal memory, working memory, executive functioning and face recognition were also extracted from a broad cognitive evaluation protocol. RESULTS Adolescents with 22q11.2DS reported significantly higher score on the negative dimension of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire than controls, even when controlling for the influence of anxiety/depression and intellectual functioning. Negative and paranoid symptoms were associated with the severity of negative performance beliefs and lower face recognition abilities. Mediation analyses revealed that negative performance beliefs significantly mediated the association between face recognition and negative/paranoid symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that negative performance beliefs and basic social cognitive mechanisms are associated with negative and paranoid symptoms in individuals with 22q11.2DS. Implications for intervention are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martial Van der Linden
- Cognitive Psychopathology and Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Menghetti
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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López-Luengo B, González-Andrade A, García-Cobo M. Not All Differences between Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Subjects Are Pathological: Performance on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2016; 31:983-995. [PMID: 27620627 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acw075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed attentional performance in patients with schizophrenia during a continuous performance task requiring a high response rate. METHOD The Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II) was administered to 64 patients with schizophrenia and 64 healthy comparison subjects. A cross-sectional design was used in order to allow analysis of the means between patients and healthy subjects. Differences in performance were assessed for significance using ANCOVA. Percentiles were also analyzed in order to determine whether a participant showed normal or pathological performance. Pearson's correlation was used to detect possible relationships between attentional performance and psychopathology. RESULTS Of the 12 CPT-II measures, response style and slowing of reaction time (RT) between targets increased to similar extents between patients and healthy comparison subjects. Patients performed significantly less well than non-patient group on all other measures. Nevertheless, patient's performance on four of these measures remained within the normal range, and patient's performance on the remaining measures qualified as pathological only in the case of variability in hit RT. No significant correlations between attention performance and symptoms were found. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that although patients may show lower attentional functioning than non-patients on tasks requiring a high response rate, their attentional performance remains within the normal range on most dimensions.
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Cognitive course in first-episode psychosis and clinical correlates: A 4 year longitudinal study using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:101-108. [PMID: 26416442 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While cognitive impairments are prevalent in first-episode psychosis, the course of these deficits is not fully understood. Most deficits appear to remain stable, however there is uncertainty regarding the trajectory of specific cognitive domains after illness onset. This study investigates the longitudinal course of cognitive deficits four years after a first-episode of psychosis and the relationship of performance with clinical course and response to treatment. Twenty three individuals with psychotic illness, matched with 21 healthy volunteers, were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at illness onset and 4 years later. We also investigated the relationship between cognitive deficits and quality of life and clinical indices. Verbal learning and two measures of processing speed had marked poorer trajectory over four years compared to the remaining cognitive domains. Processing speed performance was found to contribute to the cognitive deficits in psychosis. Poorer clinical outcome was associated with greater deficits at illness onset in reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cognitive deficits did not predict quality of life at follow-up, nor did diagnosis subtype differentiate cognitive performance. In conclusion, an initial psychotic episode may be associated with an additional cost on verbal learning and two measures of processing speed over a time spanning at least four years. Moreover, processing speed, which has been manipulated through intervention in previous studies, may represent a viable therapeutic target. Finally, cognition at illness onset may have a predictive capability of illness course.
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Spagna A, Dong Y, Mackie MA, Li M, Harvey PD, Tian Y, Wang K, Fan J. Clozapine improves the orienting of attention in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 168:285-91. [PMID: 26298539 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Attentional deficits are prominent in the cognitive profile of patients with schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether treatment with clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic and first-line intervention used to reduce positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, improves the attentional functions. We used the revised attention network test to measure alerting, orienting, and executive control of attention both pre- and post-treatment with clozapine in patients with schizophrenia (n=32) and compared performance to healthy controls (n=32). Results revealed that there were deficits in all three attentional functions pre-treatment, and while clozapine improved the orienting function in patients with schizophrenia, there was no evidence for improvement in the alerting and executive control of attention. The enhancement of the orienting function by clozapine may increase the ability of patients with schizophrenia to orient towards objects and thoughts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Yi Dong
- Hefei Psychiatry Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Melissa-Ann Mackie
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Queens, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Qiu YQ, Tang YX, Chan RCK, Sun XY, He J. P300 aberration in first-episode schizophrenia patients: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97794. [PMID: 24933577 PMCID: PMC4059623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased P300 amplitude is one of the most consistent findings in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether prolonged P300 latency occurs in patients with schizophrenia, especially first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, remains controversial. METHODS A meta-analyses of P300 aberration in FES patients and healthy control(HC) group was conducted. The meta-regression analysis was performed using a random effects model. The pooled standardized effect size (PSES) was calculated as the division of the difference between the means of the two groups by the common standard deviation. RESULTS A total of 569 FES patients and 747 HCs were included in this meta-analysis. P300 amplitude was significantly reduced (PSES = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.02-0.65, P = 0.00001) and P300 latency was delayed significantly in FES patients (PSES = -0.48, 95% CI: 0.14-0.81, P = 0.005). The meta-regression analysis showed that task difficulty was a source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis confirms that disrupted information processing is found in FES patients, which is manifested by smaller P300 amplitude and delayed P300 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-qin Qiu
- School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medical Services, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yun-xiang Tang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of psychology and mental healthy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-yang Sun
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medical Services, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Predominant negative symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and their associations with cognitive functioning and functional outcome. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 48:86-93. [PMID: 24189154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic condition associated with increased risk for schizophrenia. No study do date has explored how positive and negative symptoms of psychosis are distributed among individual patients with 22q11.2DS and if distinct patterns of symptoms can be identified. Negative symptoms being more frequent than positive symptoms in 22q11.2DS, we expected that a high number of patients would display predominant negative symptoms (PNS), whereas predominant positive symptoms would be less frequently reported. The present study aims at investigating the cognitive deficits and functional outcome associated with distinct patterns of psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2DS. 63 adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2DS participated in this study. Each participant underwent a clinical and a cognitive evaluation. A cluster analysis was used to identify groups of individuals with distinct patterns of symptoms. Individuals from the different clusters were then compared on a series of cognitive measures and on functional outcome. Three clusters of individuals were identified: low levels of symptoms, PNS, and high levels of symptoms. Individuals with PNS had significantly lower visual memory scores and decreased processing speed compared to participants with low levels of symptoms. They were also rated as having lower functional and occupational outcome. The present results indicate that one third of adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2DS display PNS. This pattern of symptoms was associated with specific cognitive deficits and decreased functional outcome. Future studies are needed to examine the developmental trajectories of these individuals and assess their risk of conversion to full-blown psychosis.
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Early sensory processing deficits predict sensitivity to distraction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:196-200. [PMID: 23590872 PMCID: PMC3650096 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia frequently report difficulties paying attention during important tasks, because they are distracted by noise in the environment. The neurobiological mechanism underlying this problem is, however, poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine if early sensory processing deficits contribute to sensitivity to distracting noise in schizophrenia. To that end, we examined the effect of environmentally relevant distracting noise on performance of an attention task in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 22 age and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects. Using electroencephalography, P50 auditory gating ratios also were measured in the same subjects and were examined for their relationship to noise-induced changes in performance on the attention task. Positive symptoms also were evaluated in patients. Distracting noise caused a greater increase in reaction time in patients, relative to comparison subjects, on the attention task. Higher P50 auditory gating ratios also were observed in patients. P50 gating ratio significantly correlated with the magnitude of noise-induced increase in reaction time. Noise-induced increase in reaction time was associated with delusional thoughts in patients. P50 ratios were associated with delusional thoughts and hallucinations in patients. In conclusion, the observation of noise effects on attention in patients is consistent with subjective reports from patients. The observed relationship between noise effects on reaction time and P50 auditory gating supports the hypothesis that early inhibitory processing deficits may contribute to susceptibility to distraction in the illness.
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Seok JH, Park HJ, Lee JD, Kim HS, Chun JW, Son SJ, Oh MK, Ku J, Lee H, Kim JJ. Regional cerebral blood flow changes and performance deficit during a sustained attention task in schizophrenia: (15) O-water positron emission tomography. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:564-72. [PMID: 23252922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Attention deficit has been reported in both schizophrenia patients and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to elucidate the deficits in sustained attention and associated neural network dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients and MDD patients, and to investigate the difference between the two patient groups. METHODS Twelve schizophrenia patients, 12 patients with non-psychotic MDD, and 12 healthy control subjects participated in this study. A sustained attention to response task (SART) was used to measure attention capacity. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) during attention tasks was measured using H(2) (15) O positron emission tomography. Statistical parametric mapping and analysis of covariance were performed to compare the behavioral performance and CBF changes during SART among three groups. RESULTS Behavioral performances were not significantly different among the three groups except for an increased commission error rate in the schizophrenia group. Regional CBF during SART was significantly reduced in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the left cuneus, and the right superior parietal lobule and increased in the right superior frontal gyrus and the right cuneus in the schizophrenia group compared to the healthy control group. In the MDD group, neither significant regional CBF difference nor behavioral deficit was found compared to the healthy control group. CONCLUSION Behavioral performance deficit and perfusion changes in the prefrontal and parietal cortices during SART were observed only in the schizophrenia group. Prefrontal and parietal network dysfunction for sustained attention may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ho Seok
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea
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Hahn B, Robinson BM, Kaiser ST, Matveeva TM, Harvey AN, Luck SJ, Gold JM. Kraepelin and Bleuler had it right: people with schizophrenia have deficits sustaining attention over time. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 121:641-8. [PMID: 22686867 DOI: 10.1037/a0028492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An inability to sustain attention was noted in the original clinical descriptions of schizophrenia, but the vast majority of experimental studies have failed to report a performance decrement over time, calling this observation into question. To test for such deficits when task conditions conform to basic science taxonomy for the validity of sustained attention tasks, a dynamic stimulus array was presented in which targets, differing subtly from standard stimuli, were presented infrequently and unpredictably. Both people with schizophrenia (PSZ, n=40) and healthy control subjects (HCS, n=29) displayed a reduction in hit rate and an increase in reaction time (RT) from the first to the second 5-min period. Thereafter, the hit rate of HCS recovered and remained stable, while that of PSZ continued to decline. When performance at task onset was equated between groups, the decrement over time in PSZ remained of the same robust magnitude. Thus, when the nature of the task challenges sustaining attention over time, PSZ display a clear deficit in this ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Hahn
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
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Kitchen H, Rofail D, Heron L, Sacco P. Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: a review of the humanistic burden. Adv Ther 2012; 29:148-62. [PMID: 22351433 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-012-0001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nearly every individual with schizophrenia is affected by cognitive decline. The aim of this literature review was to: (a) describe the humanistic burden of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS); (b) develop a conceptual model that depicts the signs and symptoms of CIAS along with key concepts important to patients; and (c) consider the adequacy of potential patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments for assessing future treatments. METHODS The following electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 1999 and November 2009 related to CIAS and PROs, or cost of illness: Medline; Embase; PsycINFO; the Health Economic Evaluation Database; and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Health Technology Assessment databases at the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York. RESULTS The literature search revealed 3950 abstracts, of which 101 articles were reviewed in detail. Cognitive functions affected include memory, attention/concentration, problem solving, learning, executive function, processing speed, and social cognition. Cognitive impairment impacts the ability of individuals to carry out activities of daily living, work productively, function socially, and adhere to treatment. These effects have economic ramifications through increased direct and indirect costs associated with the treatment of schizophrenia. The literature revealed 39 PRO instruments that have been used to assess functioning. However, no single instrument captures all key concepts of importance to patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The significant burden from CIAS for patients and society has implications for designing future treatments and health strategies to improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kitchen
- Adelphi Values, Adelphi Mill, Bollington, Cheshire, UK.
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Honma M, Soshi T, Kim Y, Kuriyama K. Right prefrontal activity reflects the ability to overcome sleepiness during working memory tasks: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12923. [PMID: 20886073 PMCID: PMC2944865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been speculated that humans have an inherent ability to overcome sleepiness that counteracts homeostatic sleep pressure. However, it remains unclear which cortical substrate activities are involved in the ability to overcome sleepiness during the execution of cognitive tasks. Here we sought to confirm that this ability to overcome sleepiness in task execution improves performance on cognitive tasks, showing activation of neural substrates in the frontal cortex, by using a modified n-back (2- and 0-back) working memory task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The change in alertness was just correlated with performances on the 2-back task. Activity in the right prefrontal cortex changed depending on alertness changes on the 2- and 0-back tasks independently, which indicates that activity in this region clearly reflects the ability to overcome sleepiness; it may contribute to the function of providing sufficient activity to meet the task load demands. This study reveals characteristics of the ability to overcome sleepiness during the n-back working memory task which goes beyond the attention-control function traditionally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Soshi
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kuriyama
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Koch K, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Schultz C, Sauer H, Schlösser RGM. Association between learning capabilities and practice-related activation changes in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2010; 36:486-95. [PMID: 20368310 PMCID: PMC2879680 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbq028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the neural correlates of practice-associated activation changes in patients with schizophrenia and their association with symptom severity. A group of patients (n = 24) were divided into more successful and less successful learners and were asked to perform a verbal overlearning task in the scanner. We found that both patient groups profited from practice, showing significant decreases in mean response times as well as significant learning-related decreases in cerebral activation. Direct comparison between groups yielded a relative hyperactivation in the group of the less successful learners at the beginning of practice, which showed a reduction with increasing practice. This was reflected by relatively stronger signal decreases in a predominantly fronto-parieto-cerebellar network. In the group of less successful learners, there was a negative correlation between general symptom scores and learning-related signal decreases in a task-relevant network involving cerebellar, inferior and middle frontal (BA 45/47, 46), superior parietal (BA 31), and superior temporal (BA 39) regions. Present data indicate that hyperactivity under high task demands might serve to identify those patients with less potential to profit from practice. However, at least in the context of moderate- to low-working memory demands, this activation abnormality seems to constitute a state rather than a trait characteristic, which patients manage to reduce by successful short-term learning. The findings also suggest that successful learners can better compensate potentially interfering effects exerted by disorder-related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Koch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07740 Jena, Germany.
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Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex, heterogeneous, and disabling psychiatric disorder that impairs multiple aspects of human cognitive, perceptual, emotional, and behavioral functioning. SZ is relatively frequent (prevalence around 1%), with onset usually during adolescence or early adulthood, and has a deteriorating course. The rapidly growing area of neuroimaging research has has found clear evidence of many cortical and subcortical abnormalities in individuals with SZ. In this article the most recent findings from multiple studies on neurological disorders in SZ are reviewed, and the authors make a strong argument for a neurological basis of the schizophrenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Danielyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45244, USA
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