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Ahmed N, El-Rayes SM, Khalil WF, Abdeen A, Abdelkader A, Youssef M, Maher ZM, Ibrahim AN, Abdelrahman SM, Ibrahim SF, Abdelrahaman D, Alsieni M, Elserafy OS, Ghamry HI, Emam HT, Shanab O. Arabic Gum Could Alleviate the Aflatoxin B1-provoked Hepatic Injury in Rat: The Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, and Apoptotic Pathways. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090605. [PMID: 36136543 PMCID: PMC9500620 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AF) is an unavoidable environmental pollutant that contaminates food, feed, and grains, which seriously threatens human and animal health. Arabic gum (AG) has recently evoked much attention owing to its promising therapeutic potential. Thus, the current study was conducted to look into the possible mechanisms beyond the ameliorative activity of AG against AF-inflicted hepatic injury. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: Control, AG (7.5 g/kg b.w/day, orally), AF (200 µg/kg b.w), and AG plus AF group. AF induced marked liver damage expounded by considerable changes in biochemical profile and histological architecture. The oxidative stress stimulated by AF boosted the production of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level along with decreases in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Additionally, AF exposure was associated with down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid2–related factor2 (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) protein expression in liver tissue. Apoptotic cascade has also been evoked following AF-exposure, as depicted in overexpression of cytochrome c (Cyto c), cleaved Caspase3 (Cl. Casp3), along with enhanced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappa-B transcription factor/p65 (NF-κB/p65) mRNA expression levels. Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory contents of AG may reverse the induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in AF-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Samir M. El-Rayes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Waleed F. Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Center of Excellence in Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Youssef
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Maher
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Amany N. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa M. Abdelrahman
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Abdelrahaman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsieni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama S. Elserafy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
- Department of Criminal Justice and Forensics, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh 13232, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan T. Emam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 6th of October University, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Obeid Shanab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (O.S.)
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