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Rakoczy RJ, Runge GN, Sen AK, Sandoval O, Wells HG, Nguyen Q, Roberts BR, Sciortino JH, Gibbons WJ, Friedberg LM, Jones JA, McMurray MS. Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38825326 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Demand for new antidepressants has resulted in a re-evaluation of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Several tryptamines found in psilocybin-containing "magic" mushrooms share chemical similarities with psilocybin. Early work suggests they may share biological targets. However, few studies have explored their pharmacological and behavioural effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared baeocystin, norbaeocystin and aeruginascin with psilocybin to determine if they are metabolized by the same enzymes, similarly penetrate the blood-brain barrier, serve as ligands for similar receptors and modulate behaviour in rodents similarly. We also assessed the stability and optimal storage and handling conditions for each compound. KEY RESULTS In vitro enzyme kinetics assays found that all compounds had nearly identical rates of dephosphorylation via alkaline phosphatase and metabolism by monoamine oxidase. Further, we found that only the dephosphorylated products of baeocystin and norbaeocystin crossed a blood-brain barrier mimetic to a similar degree as the dephosphorylated form of psilocybin, psilocin. The dephosphorylated form of norbaeocystin was found to activate the 5-HT2A receptor with similar efficacy to psilocin and norpsilocin in in vitro cell imaging assays. Behaviourally, only psilocybin induced head twitch responses in rats, a marker of 5-HT2A-mediated psychedelic effects and hallucinogenic potential. However, like psilocybin, norbaeocystin improved outcomes in the forced swim test. All compounds caused minimal changes to metrics of renal and hepatic health, suggesting innocuous safety profiles. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, this work suggests that other naturally occurring tryptamines, especially norbaeocystin, may share overlapping therapeutic potential with psilocybin, but without causing hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Rakoczy
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Grace N Runge
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhishek K Sen
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Oscar Sandoval
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Hunter G Wells
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jon H Sciortino
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Gibbons
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucas M Friedberg
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - J Andrew Jones
- Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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Guo J, Cheng M, Liu P, Cao D, Luo J, Wan Y, Fang Y, Jin Y, Xie SS, Liu J. A multi-target directed ligands strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Dimethyl fumarate plus Tranilast modified Dithiocarbate as AChE inhibitor and Nrf2 activator. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114630. [PMID: 35987018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) possessed intricate pathogenesis. Currently, multi-targeted drugs were considered to have the potential to against AD by simultaneously triggering molecules in functionally complementary pathways. Hence, a series of molecules based on the pharmacophoric features of Dimethyl fumarate, Tranilast, and Dithiocarbate were designed and synthesized. These compounds showed significant AChE inhibitory activity in vitro. Among them, compound 4c2 displayed the mighty inhibitory activity to hAChE (IC50 = 0.053 μM) and held the ability to cross the BBB. Kinetic study and molecular docking pointed out that 4c2 bound well into the active sites of hAChE, forming steady and sturdy interactions with key residues in hAChE. Additionally, 4c2 as an Nrf2 activator could promote the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein and induce the expressions of Nrf2-dependent enzymes HO-1, NQO1, and GPX4. Moreover, 4c2 rescued BV-2 cells from H2O2-induced injury and inhibited ROS accumulation. For the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of 4c2, we observed that 4c2 could lower the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) and suppressed the expressions of iNOS and COX-2. In particular, 4c2 was well tolerated in mice (2500 mg/kg, p.o.) and efficaciously recovered the memory impairment in a Scopolamine-induced mouse model. Overall, these results highlighted that 4c2 was a promising multi-targeted agent for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Maojun Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Duanyuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jinchong Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yang Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Guo J, Xu A, Cheng M, Wan Y, Wang R, Fang Y, Jin Y, Xie SS, Liu J. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 3,4-Dihydro-2(1H)-Quinolinone-Dithiocarbamate Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1495-1514. [PMID: 35611357 PMCID: PMC9124477 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s354879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) belongs to neurodegenerative disease, and the increasing number of AD patients has placed a heavy burden on society, which needs to be addressed urgently. ChEs/MAOs dual-target inhibitor has potential to treat AD according to reports. Purpose To obtain effective multi-targeted agents for the treatment of AD, a novel series of hybrid compounds were designed and synthesized by fusing the pharmacophoric features of 3,4-dihydro-2 (1H)-quinolinone and dithiocarbamate. Methods All compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory abilities of ChEs and MAOs. Then, further biological activities of the most promising candidate 3e were determined, including the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), kinetics and molecular model analysis, cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity studies in vivo. Results Most compounds showed potent and clear inhibition to AChE and MAOs. Among them, compound 3e was considered to be the most effective and balanced inhibitor to both AChE and MAOs (IC50=0.28 µM to eeAChE; IC50=0.34 µM to hAChE; IC50=2.81 µM to hMAO-B; IC50=0.91 µM to hMAO-A). In addition, 3e showed mixed inhibition of hAChE and competitive inhibition of hMAO-B in the enzyme kinetic studies. Further studies indicated that 3e could penetrate the BBB and showed no toxicity on PC12 cells and HT-22 cells when the concentration of 3e was lower than 12.5 µM. More importantly, 3e lacked acute toxicity in mice even at high dose (2500 mg/kg, P.O.). Conclusion This work indicated that compound 3e with a six-carbon atom linker and a piperidine moiety at terminal position was a promising candidate and was worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Guo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Airen Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, The Second Hospital of Yinzhou, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojun Cheng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rikang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanying Fang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai-Sai Xie
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Sai-Sai Xie, National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 56, Yangming Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jing Liu, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 56, Yangming Road, Donghu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Balogun WG, Cobham AE, Amin A. Neuroscience in Nigeria: the past, the present and the future. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:359-368. [PMID: 28993966 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The science of the brain and nervous system cuts across almost all aspects of human life and is one of the fastest growing scientific fields worldwide. This necessitates the demand for pragmatic investment by all nations to ensure improved education and quality of research in Neurosciences. Although obvious efforts are being made in advancing the field in developed societies, there is limited data addressing the state of neuroscience in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we review the state of neuroscience development in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country and its largest economy, critically evaluating the history, the current situation and future projections. This review specifically addresses trends in clinical and basic neuroscience research and education. We conclude by highlighting potentially helpful strategies that will catalyse development in neuroscience education and research in Nigeria, among which are an increase in research funding, provision of tools and equipment for training and research, and upgrading of the infrastructure at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiu Gbolahan Balogun
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ansa Emmanuel Cobham
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua. da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Hamilton JS, Aguilar R, Petros RA, Verbeck GF. DAPNe with micro-capillary separatory chemistry-coupled to MALDI-MS for the analysis of polar and non-polar lipid metabolism in one cell. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:918-928. [PMID: 28251574 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cellular metabolome is considered to be a representation of cellular phenotype and cellular response to changes to internal or external events. Methods to expand the coverage of the expansive physiochemical properties that makeup the metabolome currently utilize multi-step extractions and chromatographic separations prior to chemical detection, leading to lengthy analysis times. In this study, a single-step procedure for the extraction and separation of a sample using a micro-capillary as a separatory funnel to achieve analyte partitioning within an organic/aqueous immiscible solvent system is described. The separated analytes are then spotted for MALDI-MS imaging and distribution ratios are calculated. Initially, the method is applied to standard mixtures for proof of partitioning. The extraction of an individual cell is non-reproducible; therefore, a broad chemical analysis of metabolites is necessary and will be illustrated with the one-cell analysis of a single Snu-5 gastric cancer cell taken from a cellular suspension. The method presented here shows a broad partitioning dynamic range as a single-step method for lipid analysis demonstrating a decrease in ion suppression often present in MALDI analysis of lipids. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Robby A Petros
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Women's Univeristy, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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McBride EM, Kretsch A, Garibay LK, Brigance K, Frey B, Buss B, Verbeck GF. Rapid experimental and computational determination of phenethylamine drug analogue lipophilicity. Forensic Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cheng B, Lin Y, Kuang M, Fang S, Gu Q, Xu J, Wang L. Synthesis and Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of Lactone Benzoyl Hydrazine and 2-nitro-1-phenyl-1H
-Indole Derivatives as p38α
MAPK Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1121-30. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Cheng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yongsheng Lin
- Research Center for Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Sai Fang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Laiyou Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangzhou 510006 China
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