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Li A, Zhao S, Sun J, Liu H, Sun Y, Bi F, Xia Z, Dai W, He W, Zhang J, He P. Overwintering and summer survival of Ulva prolifera in sediments: Indoor simulation of temperature impacts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116233. [PMID: 38457878 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Green tides, a globally prevalent marine ecological anomaly observed in coastal regions, have received substantial attention. However, there is limited research on the burial of Ulva prolifera in sediments during the late stages of green tide outbreaks. This study investigates the effect of temperature on U. prolifera buried in sediment over 30 days. The measurements included the length, biomass, relative growth rate, chlorophyll composition and maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of PS II at different stages. The results indicate that at -20 °C, numerous seedlings emerged after 14 days of recovery culture, suggesting the release of spores or gametes; survival was possible from -2 °C to 15 °C; but at 20 °C and 30 °C, all U. prolifera died. The U. prolifera buried in sediment during the late stage of green tide outbreaks may serve as one of the sources for the subsequent year's green tide eruption. This research provides insights into the origins of green tide outbreaks in the southern Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Ocean College, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fujian, Fuqing 350300, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fangling Bi
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenhui He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Environment Ecology in Shanghai, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Environment Ecology in Shanghai, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Li BH, Hu JW, Xin Y, Liu CY, Li PF, Yang GP. Changes in dissolved organic pool and regulation of associated nutrients during green tides: A case study of Ulva prolifera bloom in the southern Yellow Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155878. [PMID: 35580678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore the spatial and temporal distributions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affected by Ulva prolifera bloom and the regulation of DOM released by the addition of nitrate (NO3-N) nutrients, the variation in DOM was analyzed by three cruises in the coastal waters of the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) off Qingdao during a 2018 U. prolifera bloom. A mesocosm experiment was conducted during the decay of U. prolifera. The U. prolifera bloom resulted in higher concentrations of the bulk DOM except for total dissolved amino acids (TDAA), compared with levels recorded during non-bloom periods. Three different fluorescent substances of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were identified, which were also affected by the bloom. Concentrations of total dissolved carbohydrates (TCHO), monosaccharides (MCHO), and polysaccharides (PCHO) peaked during the late bloom, with average levels of 49.78 ± 9.73, 14.23 ± 3.32, and 35.55 ± 9.19 μmol C L-1, respectively, accompanied by an increase of DOC, indicating release of DOM with U. prolifera decay. In contrast, the concentrations of CDOM and TDAA declined during the late bloom, with averages of 0.10 ± 0.10 m-1 and 1.16 ± 0.82 μmol L-1, suggesting that the yields of CDOM and TDAA were regulated by the U. prolifera bloom and other mechanism. These findings were confirmed by the mesocosm experiment. DOM production was obviously improved by NO3-N addition except for TDAA and CDOM. The release of protein-like CDOM was primarily regulated by NO3-N nutrients, however, it was not obvious with humic-like CDOM. Our findings provide evidence supporting the role of U. prolifera blooms in the coastal DOM pool and its significant effect on the marine carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Han Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing-Wen Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Li D, Gao Z, Wang Z. Analysis of the reasons for the outbreak of Yellow Sea green tide in 2021 based on long-term multi-source data. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 178:105649. [PMID: 35605379 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The green tide disaster is the result of human activities changing the natural environment conditions. What changes have occurred in the environmental factors that affect the green tide outbreak over a long period, and what is the impact of this change on the green tide outbreak? To further understand the outbreak mechanism of green tide, in this study, we used the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to extract and analyze the green tide from 2007 to 2021, analyze the long-term trend of various influencing factors (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), precipitation, eutrophication, "nori" aquaculture) in the past 30 years, and explore the impact of each factor on the outbreak of green tide. We found that: 1) SST, seawater eutrophication, and "nori" aquaculture worked together to promote the large-scale outbreak of green tide in 2007; 2) In the context of eutrophication is not effectively controlled, elevated SST, SSS, and PAR will be more conducive to the germination of green tide algae and promote green tide to form a floating state on the sea surface earlier, after that, once there is a year with abundant precipitation, the green tide will break out on a large scale, which is exactly the case in 2021. Exploring the environmental conditions and the long-term regularity of green tide outbreaks to provide a basis for scientific and rational control of green tides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Xing Q, Bi G, Cao M, Belcour A, Aite M, Mo Z, Mao Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Response of Ulva compressa to Fluctuating Salinity Conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1295-1308. [PMID: 33715182 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ulva compressa, a green tide-forming species, can adapt to hypo-salinity conditions, such as estuaries and brackish lakes. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of hypo-salinity stress tolerance, transcriptome-wide gene expression profiles in U. compressa were created using digital gene expression profiles. The RNA-seq data were analyzed based on the comparison of differently expressed genes involved in specific pathways under hypo-salinity and recovery conditions. The up-regulation of genes in photosynthesis and glycolysis pathways may contribute to the recovery of photosynthesis and energy metabolism, which could provide sufficient energy for the tolerance under long-term hyposaline stress. Multiple strategies, such as ion transportation and osmolytes metabolism, were performed to maintain the osmotic homeostasis. Additionally, several long noncoding RNA were differently expressed during the stress, which could play important roles in the osmotolerance. Our work will serve as an essential foundation for the understanding of the tolerance mechanism of U. compressa under the fluctuating salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M, UMR8227), Station Biologique deRoscoff (SBR), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Guiqi Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Agricultural Synthetic Biology Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Min Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Arnaud Belcour
- Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Méziane Aite
- Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Equipe Dyliss, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572022, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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X-ray Fluorescence Techniques in Determining the Habitat Preferences of Species- Ulva pilifera (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Montenegro Case Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215022. [PMID: 33138231 PMCID: PMC7663147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents four new sites where bright green Ulva thalli were found inhabiting freshwater (a river, a ditch, the Milet Canal) and marine (on the rocky shore of the Adriatic Sea) habitats in Montenegro. The aims of this study were to determine, for the first time, whether specimens of Ulva pilifera collected in Montenegro are phylogenetically and morphologically the same species as the one occurring in Europe. Using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) techniques it assessed the elemental composition of their thalli and its influence to colonise new habitats. Elements: Al, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hf, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were determined. The highest elemental concentrations were found for Ca = 16.3% (using WDXRF) and for Sr = 292 ppm (using TXRF) in the Ulva thalli. Ulva pilifera analysed from Montenegro, based on classical morphological methods and molecular techniques, are closely related to the same species from inland and coastal waters throughout Europe. The analysis of trace elements showed that the metal content in Ulva thalli is correlated with the trace elements in water and sediments. Ulva pilifera fits numerous features that make it one of the bioindicators of marine pollution, thanks to its worldwide distribution and capacity to accumulate trace elements.
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Chen Y, Song D, Li K, Gu L, Wei A, Wang X. Hydro-biogeochemical modeling of the early-stage outbreak of green tide (Ulva prolifera) driven by land-based nutrient loads in the Jiangsu coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:111028. [PMID: 32275571 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of a large-scale green tide (Ulva prolifera) will have a serious impact on marine environment, ecological functions, landscape, and coastal social economy. Eutrophication is generally considered to be the most important driving factor of this phenomenon. It is difficult to obtain the pressure-impact relationship between land-based loading and green tides by only surveying or monitoring, whereas modeling can perform this task easily. In this study, therefore, a hydro-biogeochemical model was established and verified by the measured hydrodynamic and water quality variables. In the initial outbreak area of Jiangsu coast, China, we studied the relationship between U. prolifera bloom and the driving factors of nutrient loads and structures by modeling different scenarios of land source inputs. It was found that the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus could be affected significantly, which triggered the bloom of U. prolifera. When the land-based input doubled or halved, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration increased 20.6% or decreased 9.5%, respectively, which might result in 14.5% increase or 46.3% decrease in the green tide, respectively. It was also found that the nutrient distribution and structure was affected by the land-based load, which caused the outbreak of U. prolifera. Moreover, the total nutrient load must be controlled to prevent the outbreak of green tide in the Jiangsu coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dehai Song
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Linan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aihong Wei
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring center, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Fort A, Mannion C, Fariñas-Franco JM, Sulpice R. Green tides select for fast expanding Ulva strains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134337. [PMID: 31518784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Green tides, the phenomenon whereby large volume of marine environment is taken over by the sea lettuce Ulva spp, are a seasonal occurrence thought to be caused mainly by anthropogenic eutrophication. The aggravation of green tide occurrence since the 1970s could however be due to the amplification of fast-growing strains within these areas. In this study, we compared the growth and metabolite content of 28 green tide Ulva strains against 100 non-green tide strains, under conditions close to those encountered in green tides areas. The aim was to determine whether the presence of specific characteristics intrinsic to green tide strains could in itself be a major factor for their reoccurrence. We confirmed that green tide strains have specific characteristics, with faster tissue expansion, higher protein and pigments, and lower starch content compared to non-green tide ones, thus highlighting a genetic component specific to green tide strains. Dry biomass accumulation, however, was not different between the two types of Ulva strains. Hence, we hypothesise that the selective pressure in green tide areas leads to the amplification of Ulva genotypes best adapted for this environment. Such selection of fast-growing strains would indicate that green tides are likely to become more prevalent and of higher magnitude over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fort
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Conor Mannion
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jose M Fariñas-Franco
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- National University of Ireland - Galway, Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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Zhao X, Cui J, Zhang J, Shi J, Kang X, Liu J, Wen Q, He P. Reproductive strategy of the floating alga Ulva prolifera in blooms in the Yellow Sea based on a combination of zoid and chromosome analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:584-590. [PMID: 31426196 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green algal blooms have occurred in the Yellow Sea for 13 consecutive years since 2007. However, little is known about the reproductive strategy of the dominant species Ulva prolifera in the field. In particular, it is not clear whether the floating Ulva species are sporophytes or gametophytes, and if their life history is sexual or asexual. In this study, the life history type was determined based on the size, phototactic response, and flagella number for the zoids in at least two successive generations. In addition, chromosome observations were conducted to distinguish the gametophytes and sporophytes in the floating Ulva species. The results showed that the floating Ulva species were all sporophytes with sexual reproductive patterns, thereby indicating that this Ulva species always maintains vegetative growth from April to June during the early stage of the blooms. In addition, we found that the chromosome numbers were 18 for the diploid sporophytes and nine for the haploid male and female gametophytes. These results provide useful information to help understand the explosive growth of these green algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianjun Cui
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan; College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524008, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Marine Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
| | - Jinting Shi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Xinyu Kang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qinlin Wen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Marine Sciences, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Zhang H, Qiu Z, Devred E, Sun D, Wang S, He Y, Yu Y. A simple and effective method for monitoring floating green macroalgae blooms: a case study in the Yellow Sea. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4528-4548. [PMID: 30876071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several algorithms have been proposed to detect floating macroalgae blooms in the global ocean. However, some of them are difficult or even impossible to routinely apply by non-experts because of performing a sophisticated atmospheric correction scheme or due to the mismatch in spectral bands from one sensor to another. Here, a generic, simple and effective method, referred to as the Floating Green Tide Index (FGTI), was proposed to detect floating green macroalgae blooms (GMB). The FGTI was defined as the difference between greenness and wetness features extracted from digital number (DN) observation through Tasseled Cap Transformation analysis, providing the advantage of bypassing the atmospheric correction procedure. Through cross-index and cross-sensor comparisons, the FGTI showed similar performance to the existing VB-FAH (Virtual-Baseline Floating macroAlgae Height) and FAI (Floating Algae Index) algorithms but proved more robust than the traditional NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in terms of response to perturbations by environmental conditions, viewing geometry, sun glint, and thin cloud contamination. Given the requirement for spectral bands in the current and planned satellite sensors, the FGTI design can easily be extended to any satellite sensor, and therefore provide an excellent data resource for studying GMB in any part of the global ocean.
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Qu T, Jiang Y, Tang X, Wang Y. Cooperation Between Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Systems: An Important Factor in the Adaptation of Ulva prolifera to Abiotic Factors on the Sea Surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31178877 PMCID: PMC6537605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale green tides have occurred continuously in the Yellow Sea of China from 2007 to 2018, and the causative species of the Yellow Sea green tide (YSGT) is Ulva prolifera. The thalli form floated thallus mats, and the thalli from different layers of the thallus mat suffer significantly different environmental conditions. In the present study, the environmental conditions of the surface layer (SL), middle layer (ML), and lower layer (LL) of the thallus mat from mid-June (Stage I) to mid-July (Stage II) were simulated. Photosynthetic traits and antioxidant systems were measured. The results showed that (1) photoprotective [non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and cyclic electron transport (CEF)] and antioxidant systems both play important roles in protecting against abiotic factors in U. prolifera. (2) Cooperation between NPQ and CEF was observed in the ML group; CEF and the antioxidant system in the SL group work synergistically to protect the thalli. Furthermore, an inferred spatiotemporal attribute regarding the YSGT is presented: the significant changes in abiotic factors on the sea surface can easily affect the thalli of SL and ML from mid-June to mid-July, and those of LL can be affected in mid-July. This cooperation combined with the spatiotemporal attributes offers an explanation for the annual occurrence of the YSGT. HIGHLIGHTS -Adaptive mechanisms of Ulva prolifera against abiotic factors. -Cooperation between photosynthetic and antioxidant systems. -Spatiotemporal attributes regarding the Yellow Sea green tide are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexi Tang, Ying Wang,
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexi Tang, Ying Wang,
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11
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Comparative study on mitogenomes of green tide algae. Genetica 2018; 146:529-540. [PMID: 30377874 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since 2007, the annual green tide disaster in the Yellow Sea has brought serious economic losses to China. There is no research on the genetic similarities of four constituent species of green tide algae at the genomic level. We previously determined the mitochondrial genomes of Ulva prolifera, Ulva linza and Ulva flexuosa. In the present work, the mitochondrial genome of another green tide (Ulva compressa) was sequenced and analyzed. With the length of 62,311 bp, it contained 29 encoding genes, 26 tRNAs and 10 open reading frames. By comparing these four mitochondrial genomes, we found that U. compressa was quite different from the other three types of Ulva species. However, there were similarities between U. prolifera and U. linza in the number, distribution and homology of open reading frames, evolutionary and codon variation of tRNA, evolutionary relationship and selection pressure of coding genes. Repetitive sequence analysis of simple sequence repeats, tandem repeat and forward repeats further supposed that they have evolved from the same origin. In addition, we directly analyzed gene homologies and translocation of four green tide algae by Mauve alignment. There were gene order rearrangements among them. With fast-evolving genomes, these four green algal mitochondria have both conservatism and variation, thus opening another window for the understanding of origin and evolution of Ulva.
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Cui J, Shi J, Zhang J, Wang L, Fan S, Xu Z, Huo Y, Zhou Q, Lu Y, He P. Rapid expansion of Ulva blooms in the Yellow Sea, China through sexual reproduction and vegetative growth. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:223-228. [PMID: 29866551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Green algal blooms have occurred in the Yellow Sea for 11 consecutive years since 2007. A "seed bank" comprising micro-propagules including gametes, meiospores, and zygotes, played an important role in the rapid formation of a green tide. In the present study, germination differences among zygotes, meiospores, and gametes were examined. The growth ability and maturation period of alternating generations of sexual Ulva prolifera strains were also assessed. The zygote and meiospore germination rate was 91.67% and 80.29%, respectively, approximately three times greater than that of gametes (30%). In addition, the highest daily growth rate of sporophytes and gametophytes was 266.7% and 288.1%, respectively, and the maturation period of sporophytes and gametophytes was 35.7 and 31.3 days, respectively. These results indicate that sexual reproduction and vegetative growth are mainly responsible for the rapid expansion of macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cui
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Jinting Shi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Lintao Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Zhenyang Xu
- Shanghai High School, Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhou
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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13
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Wang S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Cui J, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Yu K, He P. Variations of dominant free-floating Ulva species in the source area for the world's largest macroalgal blooms, China: Differences of ecological tolerance. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 74:58-66. [PMID: 29724343 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Species composition and seasonal variations of free-floating Ulva species were investigated in the source area of the world's largest macroalgal blooms during 2009-2015. Based on a combination of a morphological analysis and sequences of nuclear-encoded ITS and 5S rDNA spacer regions, the dominant species in the free-floating Ulva community at the early stage of green tides were Ulva compressa, Ulva flexuosa, and Ulva linza. The first appearance of Ulva prolifera on the sea surface was in mid-May and it dominated the floating Ulva community in June from 2009 to 2011. From 2012-2015, U. prolifera was not only the first species to appear on the sea surface but also the dominant species during the whole early stage of green tides. To explain the successional mechanism, the effects of environmental factors on the growth of four Ulva species were examined in the laboratory under different combinations of light intensity and temperature. It was found that the highest growth rate of U. prolifera was 44.9%/d, which was much higher than the other three Ulva species. The strong tolerance of U. prolifera to extreme conditions also helps it survive and bloom in the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Cui
- Usa Marine Biological Institute, Kochi University, Usa, Tosa, Kochi 781-1164, Japan
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhou
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Kefeng Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Water Environment & Ecology Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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14
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Influence of Green Tides in Coastal Nursery Grounds on the Habitat Selection and Individual Performance of Juvenile Fish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170110. [PMID: 28125605 PMCID: PMC5268461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems, which provide numerous essential ecological functions for fish, are threatened by the proliferation of green macroalgae that significantly modify habitat conditions in intertidal areas. Understanding the influence of green tides on the nursery function of these ecosystems is essential to determine their potential effects on fish recruitment success. In this study, the influence of green tides on juvenile fish was examined in an intertidal sandy beach area, the Bay of Saint-Brieuc (Northwestern France), during two annual cycles of green tides with varying levels of intensity. The responses of three nursery-dependent fish species, the pelagic Sprattus sprattus (L.), the demersal Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) and the benthic Pleuronectes platessa L., were analysed to determine the effects of green tides according to species-specific habitat niche and behaviour. The responses to this perturbation were investigated based on habitat selection and a comparison of individual performance between a control and an impacted site. Several indices on different integrative scales were examined to evaluate these responses (antioxidant defence capacity, muscle total lipid, morphometric condition and growth). Based on these analyses, green tides affect juvenile fish differently according to macroalgal density and species-specific tolerance, which is linked to their capacity to move and to their distribution in the water column. A decreasing gradient of sensitivity was observed from benthic to demersal and pelagic fish species. At low densities of green macroalgae, the three species stayed at the impacted site and the growth of plaice was reduced. At medium macroalgal densities, plaice disappeared from the impacted site and the growth of sea bass and the muscle total lipid content of sprat were reduced. Finally, when high macroalgal densities were reached, none of the studied species were captured at the impacted site. Hence, sites affected by green tides are less favourable nursery grounds for all the studied species, with species-specific effects related to macroalgal density.
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Li Y, Huang HJ, Li H, Liu J, Yang W. Genetic diversity of Ulva prolifera population in Qingdao coastal water during the green algal blooms revealed by microsatellite. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 111:237-246. [PMID: 27412412 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Green tides have occurred in Qingdao coast in China for seven consecutive years from 2007 to 2013. To provide information on the genetic structure of these blooms, 210 free-floating green algae samples isolated from the green tide in Qingdao coast on June 19, 2013 were identified based on the ITS, rbcL and 5S sequence, and genetic diversity was investigated by microsatellite markers. According to ITS, rbcL and 5S sequence, all the 210 samples belonged to Ulva prolifera. Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon index estimated using eight microsatellite markers indicated that the genetic diversity of U. prolifera population within Qingdao's green bloom in 2013 was low. Taking into account previous reports about life history and physiology of U. prolifera, we proposed that the limited origin area of the free-floating biomass and asexual reproduction of U. prolifera might be responsible for the lower diversity of free floating U. prolifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong-Jia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hongye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jiesheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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16
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Growth responses of Ulva prolifera to inorganic and organic nutrients: Implications for macroalgal blooms in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26498. [PMID: 27199215 PMCID: PMC4873802 DOI: 10.1038/srep26498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine macrophyte Ulva prolifera is the dominant green-tide-forming seaweed in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Here we assessed, in the laboratory, the growth rate and nutrient uptake responses of U. prolifera to different nutrient treatments. The growth rates were enhanced in incubations with added organic and inorganic nitrogen [i.e. nitrate (NO3(-)), ammonium (NH4(+)), urea and glycine] and phosphorus [i.e. phosphate (PO4(3-)), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P)], relative to the control. The relative growth rates of U. prolifera were higher when enriched with dissolved organic nitrogen (urea and glycine) and phosphorus (ATP and G-6-P) than inorganic nitrogen (NO3(-) and NH4(+)) and phosphorus (PO4(3-)). In contrast, the affinity was higher for inorganic than organic nutrients. Field data in the southern Yellow Sea showed significant inverse correlations between macroalgal biomass and dissolved organic nutrients. Our laboratory and field results indicated that organic nutrients such as urea, glycine and ATP, may contribute to the development of macroalgal blooms in the southern Yellow Sea.
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17
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Keesing JK, Liu D, Shi Y, Wang Y. Abiotic factors influencing biomass accumulation of green tide causing Ulva spp. on Pyropia culture rafts in the Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:88-97. [PMID: 26936121 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Annually recurrent green-tides in the Yellow Sea have been shown to result from direct disposal into the sea of fouling Ulva from Pyropia aquaculture. The role abiotic factors play in Ulva biomass accumulation on rafts was studied to find ways to mitigate this problem. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was very high at all sites, but the highest Ulva biomass was associated with the lowest DIN and anthropogenic N. Under luxuriant background nutrient conditions, variability in temperature and periods of emersion, rather than pH, light and salinity determined Ulva biomass. Two dominant species of Ulva displayed differing tolerances to temperature and desiccation which helped explain why Ulva prolifera dominates floating green-tides. Rather than trying to mitigate green-tides only by reducing nutrient pollution, an earlier harvest of Pyropia in southern Jiangsu Province especially before temperatures increase greatly above 10°C during April, could reduce the biomass of U. prolifera disposed from rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Keesing
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag 5, Wembley 6913, Australia; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17th Chunhui Road, Laishan District, 264003 Yantai, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Dongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17th Chunhui Road, Laishan District, 264003 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17th Chunhui Road, Laishan District, 264003 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17th Chunhui Road, Laishan District, 264003 Yantai, Shandong, PR China
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18
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Roberts DA, de Nys R. The effects of feedstock pre-treatment and pyrolysis temperature on the production of biochar from the green seaweed Ulva. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 169:253-260. [PMID: 26773429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Green seaweeds from the genus Ulva are a promising feedstock for the production of biochar for carbon (C) sequestration and soil amelioration. Ulva can be cultivated in waste water from land-based aquaculture and Ulva blooms ("green tides") strand millions of tons of biomass on coastal areas of Europe and China each year. The conversion of Ulva into biochar could recycle C and nutrients from eutrophic water into agricultural production. We produce biochar from Ulva ohnoi, cultivated in waste water from an aquaculture facility, and characterize its suitability for C sequestration and soil amelioration through bio-chemical analyses and plant growth experiments. Two biomass pre-treatments (fresh water rinsing to reduce salt, and pelletisation to increase density) were crossed with four pyrolysis temperatures (300-750 °C). Biomass rinsing decreased the ash and increased the C content of the resulting biochar. However, biochar produced from un-rinsed biomass had a higher proportion of fixed C and a higher yield. C sequestration decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperatures due to the combination of lower yield and lower total C content of biochar produced at high temperatures. Biochar produced from un-rinsed biomass at 300 °C had the greatest gravimetric C sequestration (110-120 g stable C kg(-1) seaweed). Biochar produced from un-pelletised Ulva enhanced plant growth three-fold in low fertility soils when the temperature of pyrolysis was less than 450 °C. The reduced effectiveness of the high-temperature biochars (>450 °C) was due to a lower N and higher salt content. Soil ameliorated with biochar produced from pelletised biomass had suppressed plant germination and growth. The most effective biochar for C sequestration and soil amelioration was produced from un-rinsed and un-pelletised Ulva at 300 °C. The green tide that occurs annually along the Shandong coastline in China generates sufficient biomass (200,000 tons dry weight) to ameliorate 12,500 ha of soil, sequester 15,000 t C and recycle 5500 t N into agriculture. We provide clear parameters for biochar production to enable the beneficial use of this biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Roberts
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Ploidy Distribution of the Harmful Bloom Forming Macroalgae Ulva spp. in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, Using Flow Cytometry Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149182. [PMID: 26918869 PMCID: PMC4769327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgal blooms occur worldwide and have the potential to cause severe ecological and economic damage. Narragansett Bay, RI is a eutrophic system that experiences summer macroalgal blooms composed mostly of Ulva compressa and Ulva rigida, which have biphasic life cycles with separate haploid and diploid phases. In this study, we used flow cytometry to assess ploidy levels of U. compressa and U. rigida populations from five sites in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA, to assess the relative contribution of both phases to bloom formation. Both haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes were present for both species. Sites ranged from a relative overabundance of gametophytes to a relative overabundance of sporophytes, compared to the null model prediction of √2 gametophytes: 1 sporophyte. We found significant differences in cell area between ploidy levels for each species, with sporophyte cells significantly larger than gametophyte cells in U. compressa and U. rigida. We found no differences in relative growth rate between ploidy levels for each species. Our results indicate the presence of both phases of each of the two dominant bloom forming species throughout the bloom season, and represent one of the first studies of in situ Ulva life cycle dynamics.
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Cui J, Zhang J, Huo Y, Zhou L, Wu Q, Chen L, Yu K, He P. Adaptability of free-floating green tide algae in the Yellow Sea to variable temperature and light intensity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:660-666. [PMID: 26573134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of temperature and light intensity on the growth of seedlings and adults of four species of green tide algae (Ulvaprolifera, Ulvacompressa, Ulva flexuosa and Ulvalinza) from the Yellow Sea was evaluated. The results indicated that the specific growth rate (SGR) of seedlings was much higher than that of adults for the four species. The adaptability of U. prolifera is much wider: Adult daily SGRs were the highest among the four species at 15-20 °C with 10-600 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1) and 25-30 °C with 200-600 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1). SGRs were 1.5-3.5 times greater than the other three species at 15-25 °C with 200-600 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1). These results indicate that U. prolifera has better tolerance to high temperature and light intensity than the other three species, which may in part explain why only U. prolifera undergoes large-scale outbreaks and floats to the Qingdao coast while the other three species decline and disappear at the early stage of blooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cui
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lingjie Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qing Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kefeng Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Institutes for Marine Science Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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21
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Zhou Y, Tan L, Pang Q, Li F, Wang J. Influence of nutrients pollution on the growth and organic matter output of Ulva prolifera in the southern Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:107-114. [PMID: 25931173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nutrients on the growth of Ulva prolifera was studied in the SYS by field experiments. The wet weight of U. prolifera gradiently increased from 11.94% to 25.92% in proportion to contents of DIN supply, which indicated DIN content was essentially decisive for the output of U. prolifera blooms. Continuous nutrient supply could promote the growth of U. prolifera, indicated by the increase of growth rate from 10.46% of the batch culture to 42.17% of the in situ culture. The higher P utilized rate in all treatments showed P was the potential limited factor for the growth of U. prolifera. Moreover, it was calculated about 4.1×10(5)t organic matter was begot by U. prolifera in the whole Yellow Sea based on the statistical relationship between output of U. prolifera and DIN content. This work could be convenient to evaluate biomass and prepare enough tools to manage U. prolifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhou
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China
| | - Liju Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China.
| | - Qiuting Pang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, PR China.
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22
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Roberts DA, Paul NA, Dworjanyn SA, Bird MI, de Nys R. Biochar from commercially cultivated seaweed for soil amelioration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9665. [PMID: 25856799 PMCID: PMC4391317 DOI: 10.1038/srep09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed cultivation is a high growth industry that is primarily targeted at human food and hydrocolloid markets. However, seaweed biomass also offers a feedstock for the production of nutrient-rich biochar for soil amelioration. We provide the first data of biochar yield and characteristics from intensively cultivated seaweeds (Saccharina, Undaria and Sargassum--brown seaweeds, and Gracilaria, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma--red seaweeds). While there is some variability in biochar properties as a function of the origin of seaweed, there are several defining and consistent characteristics of seaweed biochar, in particular a relatively low C content and surface area but high yield, essential trace elements (N, P and K) and exchangeable cations (particularly K). The pH of seaweed biochar ranges from neutral (7) to alkaline (11), allowing for broad-spectrum applications in diverse soil types. We find that seaweed biochar is a unique material for soil amelioration that is consistently different to biochar derived from ligno-cellulosic feedstock. Blending of seaweed and ligno-cellulosic biochar could provide a soil ameliorant that combines a high fixed C content with a mineral-rich substrate to enhance crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Roberts
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville Australia 4811
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville Australia 4811
| | - Symon A Dworjanyn
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour Australia 2450
| | - Michael I Bird
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns Australia 4870
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville Australia 4811
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23
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Zhang J, Huo Y, Wu H, Yu K, Kim JK, Yarish C, Qin Y, Liu C, Xu R, He P. The origin of the Ulva macroalgal blooms in the Yellow Sea in 2013. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:276-283. [PMID: 25444626 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Green algal blooms have occurred in the Yellow Sea for seven consecutive years from 2007 to 2013. In this study, satellite image analysis and field shipboard observations indicated that the Ulva blooms in 2013 originated in the Rudong coast. The spatial distribution of Ulva microscopic propagules in the Southern Yellow Sea also supported that the blooms originated in the Rudong coast. In addition, multi-source satellite data were used to evaluate the biomass of green algae on the Pyropia aquaculture rafts. The results showed that approximately 2784 tons of Ulva prolifera were attached to the rafts and possessed the same internal transcribed spacer and 5S rDNA sequence as the dominant species in the 2013 blooms. We conclude that the significant biomass of Ulva species on the Pyropia rafts during the harvesting season in radial tidal sand ridges played an important role in the rapid development of blooms in the Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, Stamford, CT 06901, USA
| | - Yuanzi Huo
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kefeng Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jang Kyun Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, Stamford, CT 06901, USA
| | - Charles Yarish
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 1 University Place, Stamford, CT 06901, USA
| | - Yutao Qin
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Caicai Liu
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Ren Xu
- East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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24
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Dubois S, Colombo F. How picky can you be? Temporal variations in trophic niches of co-occurring suspension-feeding species. FOOD WEBS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Zhang JH, Huo YZ, Zhang ZL, Yu KF, He Q, Zhang LH, Yang LL, Xu R, He PM. Variations of morphology and photosynthetic performances of Ulva prolifera during the whole green tide blooming process in the Yellow Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 92:35-42. [PMID: 24054465 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since 2007, the world's largest macroalgal blooms have occurred along the coastal area of the Yellow Sea for 6 consecutive years. In 2012, shipboard surveying and satellite remote sensing were used to monitor the whole blooming process. The blooms originated in Rudong sea area of the South Yellow Sea where bloom patches were of dark green and filamentous thalli were the dominant morphology. The scale of the blooms reached its peak size in Rizhao sea area of the North Yellow Sea, and decreased promptly and became insignificant in Qingdao coast where the blooms turned yellow, mostly with air sac blades. Meanwhile, vegetative cells of the green tide algae changed into cytocysts gradually from which germ cells were released as the blooms drifted northward. Additionally, chlorophyll contents and fluorescence activity of free-floating thalli in the North Yellow Sea were both significantly lower than that in the South Yellow Sea. Those studies presented here contributed to increasing our understanding about how the green tide declined gradually in the North Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Heng Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Marine Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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26
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Guidone M, Thornber C, Wysor B, O'Kelly CJ. Molecular and morphological diversity of Narragansett Bay (RI, USA) Ulva (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) populations. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:979-95. [PMID: 27007320 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Macroalgal bloom-forming species occur in coastal systems worldwide. However, due to overlapping morphologies in some taxa, accurate taxonomic assessment and classification of these species can be quite challenging. We investigated the molecular and morphological characteristics of 153 specimens of bloom-forming Ulva located in and around Narragansett Bay, RI, USA. We analyzed sequences of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1 region (ITS1) and the chloroplast-encoded rbcL; based on the ITS1 data, we grouped the specimens into nine operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Eight of these OTUs have been previously reported to exist, while one is novel. Of the eight OTUs, all shared sequence identity with previously published sequences or differed by less than 1.5% sequence divergence for two molecular markers. Previously, 10 species names were reported for Ulva in Rhode Island (one blade and nine tube-forming species) based upon morphological classification alone. Of our nine OTUs, three contained blade-forming specimens (U. lactuca, U. compressa, U. rigida), one OTU had a blade with a tubular stipe, and six contained unbranched and/or branched tubular morphologies (one of these six, U. compressa, had both a blade and a tube morphology). While the three blade-forming OTUs in Narragansett Bay can frequently be distinguished by careful observations of morphological characteristics, and spatial/temporal distribution, it is much more difficult to distinguish among the tube-forming specimens based upon morphology or distribution alone. Our data support the molecular species concept for Ulva, and indicate that molecular-based classifications of Ulva species are critical for proper species identification, and subsequent ecological assessment or mitigation of Ulva blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guidone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Carol Thornber
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Rd, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Brian Wysor
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology & Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, 1 Old Ferry Road, Bristol, Rhode Island, 02809, USA
| | - Charles J O'Kelly
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA
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27
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Moreau P, Ruiz L, Raimbault T, Vertès F, Cordier MO, Gascuel-Odoux C, Masson V, Salmon-Monviola J, Durand P. Modeling the potential benefits of catch-crop introduction in fodder crop rotations in a Western Europe landscape. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 437:276-284. [PMID: 22944220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Among possible mitigation options to reduce agricultural-borne nitrate fluxes to water bodies, introduction of catch crop before spring crops is acknowledged as a cost-efficient solution at the plot scale, but it was rarely assessed at the catchment level. This study aims to evaluate a set of catch crop implantation scenarios and their consequences in a coastal catchment prone to eutrophication. The objectives are (i) to discuss the potential benefits of catch crop introduction taking into account the limitations due to the physiographic and agricultural context of the area (ii) to propose a multicriteria classification of these scenarios as a basis for discussion with stakeholders. We used the distributed agro-hydrological model TNT2 to simulate 25 scenarios of catch crop management, differing in length of catch crop growing period, place in the crop rotation and residue management. The scenarios were classified considering the variations in main crop yields and either nitrogen fluxes in stream or the global nitrogen mass balance at the catchment level. The simulations showed that in the catchment studied, little improvement can be expected from increasing the catch crop surface. Catch crop cultivation was always beneficial to reduce nitrogen losses, but led to adverse effects on main crop yields in some cases. Among the scenarios involving additional catch crop surface, introducing catch crop between two winter cereals appeared as the most promising. The classification of scenarios depended on the chosen criteria: when considering only the reduction of nitrogen fluxes in streams, exporting catch crop residues was the most efficient while when considering the global nitrogen mass balance, soil incorporation of catch crop residues was the most beneficial. This work highlights the interest, while using integrated models, of assessing simulated scenarios with multicriteria approach to provide stakeholder with a picture as complete as possible of the consequences of prospective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Moreau
- INRA, UMR1069 Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation, F-35000 Rennes, France
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28
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Shen Q, Li H, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Yang W. Molecular identification of green algae from the rafts based infrastructure of Porphyra yezoensis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2077-2082. [PMID: 22858010 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To provide more information on the origin of the Ulva prolifera bloom in Qingdao sea area in China from 2007 to 2011, the diversity of green algae growing on the rafts of Porphyra yezoensis on the coast in Jiangsu Province was investigated based on ITS, rbcL and 5S sequences. Eighty-four of green algal samples from various sites and cruises in 2010 and 2011 were collected. According to ITS and rbcL sequences, samples from the rafts of P. yezoensis fell into four clades: Ulva linza-procera-prolifera (LPP) complex, Ulva flexuosa, Blidingia sp. and Urospora spp. However, based on the 5S rDNA, a more resolved DNA marker, only one of the 84 samples belonged to U. prolifera. Combined with the previous reports, it is likely that U. prolifera bloom in Qingdao sea area might consist of more than one origin, and Porphyra cultivation rafts might be one of the causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Department of Biotechnology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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29
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu L, Zhou B, Tang X. Comparative studies on the ecophysiological differences of two green tide macroalgae under controlled laboratory conditions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38245. [PMID: 22905087 PMCID: PMC3414491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow Sea green tides have occurred in coastal China almost every year from 2007 to 2011. Ulva prolifera (Müller) J. Agardh has been identified as the causative macroalgal species. U. intestinalis, however, has been observed in the bloom areas, co-occurring with U. prolifera, but it has not been found to be causative. The Yellow Sea green tide has shown consistent phases of development that match corresponding environmental changes. U. prolifera, not U. intestinalis, is dominant. Our experimental design was based on these observed phenomena, and the results of our field investigation indicated a close relationship between changes in principal environmental factors (irradiance, temperature, and salinity) and the development of each phase of the bloom. These main environmental factors were simulated to allow estimation and comparison of the physiological responses of U. prolifera and U. intestinalis. Ecophysiological differences were found between these two species. (1) More photosynthetic activity and plasticity were detected in U. prolifera. (2) U. prolifera was found to be more sensitive to dynamic environments, especially harsh and changing environmental conditions. U. intestinalis was found to be more stable, probably due to the higher stress tolerance given by its antioxidant system. (3) Markedly higher nutrient absorption activity was observed in U. prolifera. Comparisons of the ecophysiological traits of these two species in this present study may foster understanding of their natural ecological processes. Specifically, U. prolifera seemed to be more engaged with the ephemeral blooms, while U. intestinalis seemed to be directed toward persistence. This also suggests that the ecological success of U. prolifera may be inextricably linked to its higher capacity for photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and nutrient assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- Department of Marine Ecology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Matsui T, Koike Y. Methane fermentation of a mixture of seaweed and milk at a pilot-scale plant. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 110:558-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Hu C, Li D, Chen C, Ge J, Muller-Karger FE, Liu J, Yu F, He MX. On the recurrentUlva proliferablooms in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Gao S, Chen X, Yi Q, Wang G, Pan G, Lin A, Peng G. A strategy for the proliferation of Ulva prolifera, main causative species of green tides, with formation of sporangia by fragmentation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8571. [PMID: 20052408 PMCID: PMC2797376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulva prolifera, a common green seaweed, is one of the causative species of green tides that occurred frequently along the shores of Qingdao in 2008 and had detrimental effects on the preparations for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games sailing competition, since more than 30 percent of the area of the games was invaded. In view of the rapid accumulation of the vast biomass of floating U. prolifera in green tides, we investigated the formation of sporangia in disks of different diameters excised from U. prolifera, changes of the photosynthetic properties of cells during sporangia formation, and development of spores. The results suggested that disks less than 1.00 mm in diameter were optimal for the formation of sporangia, but there was a small amount of spore release in these. The highest percentage of area of spore release occurred in disks that were 2.50 mm in diameter. In contrast, sporangia were formed only at the cut edges of larger disks (3.00 mm, 3.50 mm, and 4.00 mm in diameter). Additionally, the majority of spores liberated from the disks appeared vigorous and developed successfully into new individuals. These results implied that fragments of the appropriate size from the U. prolifera thalli broken by a variety of factors via producing spores gave rise to the rapid proliferation of the seaweed under field conditions, which may be one of the most important factors to the rapid accumulation of the vast biomass of U. prolifera in the green tide that occurred in Qingdao, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Yi
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guanghua Pan
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Apeng Lin
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Peng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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33
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Liu D, Keesing JK, Xing Q, Shi P. World's largest macroalgal bloom caused by expansion of seaweed aquaculture in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2009; 58:888-95. [PMID: 19261301 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In late June 2008, just weeks before the opening of the Beijing Olympics, a massive green-tide occurred covering about 600km(2) along the coast of Qingdao, host city for Olympic sailing regatta. Coastal eutrophication was quickly attributed with the blame by the international media and some scientists. However, we explored an alternative hypothesis that the cause of the green-tide was due to the rapid expansion of Porphyra yezoensis aquaculture along the coastline over 180km away from Qingdao, and oceanographic conditions which favoured rapid growth of the bloom and contributed to transport of the bloom north into the Yellow Sea and then onshore northwest to Qingdao. At its peak offshore, the bloom covered 1200km(2) and affected 40,000km(2). This is the largest green-tide ever reported, the most extensive translocation of a green-tide and the first case of expansive seaweed aquaculture leading to a green-tide. Given similar oceanographic conditions to those that occurred in 2008, these green-tides may re-occur unless mitigation measures such as those proposed here are taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 17th Chunhui Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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