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Luarte T, Hirmas-Olivares A, Höfer J, Giesecke R, Mestre M, Guajardo-Leiva S, Castro-Nallar E, Pérez-Parada A, Chiang G, Lohmann R, Dachs J, Nash SB, Pulgar J, Pozo K, Přibylová PP, Martiník J, Galbán-Malagón C. Occurrence and diffusive air-seawater exchanges of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168323. [PMID: 37949125 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater and air, and the air-sea dynamics through diffusive exchange analysis in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica, between November 2019 and January 30, 2020. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was the most abundant compound in both air and seawater with concentrations around 39 ± 2.1 pg m-3 and 3.2 ± 2.4 pg L-1 respectively. The most abundant PCB congener was PCB 11, with a mean of 3.16 ± 3.7 pg m-3 in air and 2.0 ± 1.1 pg L-1 in seawater. The fugacity gradient estimated for the OCP compounds indicate a predominance of net atmospheric deposition for HCB, α-HCH, γ-HCH, 4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDE and close to equilibrium for the PeCB compound. The observed deposition of some OCs may be driven by high biodegradation rates and/or settling fluxes decreasing the concentration of these compounds in surface waters, which is supported by the capacity of microbial consortium to degrade some of these compounds. The estimated fugacity gradients for PCBs showed differences between congeners, with net volatilization predominating for PCB-9, a trend close to equilibrium for PCB congeners 11, 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, and 153, and deposition for PCB 180. Snow amplification may play an important role for less hydrophobic PCBs, with volatilization predominating after snow/glacier melting. As hydrophobicity increases, the biological pump decreases the concentration of PCBs in seawater, reversing the fugacity gradient to atmospheric deposition. This study highlights the potential impacts of climate change, through glacier retreat, on the biogeochemistry of POPs, remobilizing those compounds previously trapped within the cryosphere which in turn will transform the Antarctic cryosphere into a secondary source of the more volatile POPs in coastal areas, influenced by snow and ice melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Luarte
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Andrea Hirmas-Olivares
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Juan Höfer
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ricardo Giesecke
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mireia Mestre
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica COPAS COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Sergio Guajardo-Leiva
- Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Pérez-Parada
- Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, Rocha 27000, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Chiang
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile; Centro de Investigación para Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Catalunya 08034, Spain
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - José Pulgar
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra P Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Gauthier PT, Blewett TA, Garman ER, Schlekat CE, Middleton ET, Suominen E, Crémazy A. Environmental risk of nickel in aquatic Arctic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:148921. [PMID: 34346380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic faces many environmental challenges, including the continued exploitation of its mineral resources such as nickel (Ni). The responsible development of Ni mining in the Arctic requires establishing a risk assessment framework that accounts for the specificities of this unique region. We set out to conduct preliminary assessments of Ni exposure and effects in aquatic Arctic ecosystems. Our analysis of Ni source and transport processes in the Arctic suggests that fresh, estuarine, coastal, and marine waters are potential Ni-receiving environments, with both pelagic and benthic communities being at risk of exposure. Environmental concentrations of Ni show that sites with elevated Ni concentrations are located near Ni mining operations in freshwater environments, but there is a lack of data for coastal and estuarine environments near such operations. Nickel bioavailability in Arctic freshwaters seems to be mainly driven by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with bioavailability being the highest in the High Arctic, where DOC levels are the lowest. However, this assessment is based on bioavailability models developed from non-Arctic species. At present, the lack of chronic Ni toxicity data on Arctic species constitutes the greatest hurdle toward the development of Ni quality standards in this region. Although there are some indications that polar organisms may not be more sensitive to contaminants than non-Arctic species, biological adaptations necessary for life in polar environments may have led to differences in species sensitivities, and this must be addressed in risk assessment frameworks. Finally, Ni polar risk assessment is further complicated by climate change, which affects the Arctic at a faster rate than the rest of the world. Herein we discuss the source, fate, and toxicity of Ni in Arctic aquatic environments, and discuss how climate change effects (e.g., permafrost thawing, increased precipitation, and warming) will influence risk assessments of Ni in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Emily Suominen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Anne Crémazy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada.
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Trinh KH, Kadam US, Song J, Cho Y, Kang CH, Lee KO, Lim CO, Chung WS, Hong JC. Novel DNA Aptameric Sensors to Detect the Toxic Insecticide Fenitrothion. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910846. [PMID: 34639187 PMCID: PMC8509669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenitrothion is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate family of pesticides that is widely used around the world in agriculture and living environments. Today, it is one of the most hazardous chemicals that causes severe environmental pollution. However, detection of fenitrothion residues in the environment is considered a significant challenge due to the small molecule nature of the insecticide and lack of molecular recognition elements that can detect it with high specificity. We performed in vitro selection experiments using the SELEX process to isolate the DNA aptamers that can bind to fenitrothion. We found that newly discovered DNA aptamers have a strong ability to distinguish fenitrothion from other organophosphate insecticides (non-specific targets). Furthermore, we identified a fenitrothion-specific aptamer; FenA2, that can interact with Thioflavin T (ThT) to produce a label-free detection mode with a Kd of 33.57 nM (9.30 ppb) and LOD of 14 nM (3.88 ppb). Additionally, the FenA2 aptamer exhibited very low cross-reactivity with non-specific targets. This is the first report showing an aptamer sensor with a G4-quadruplex-like structure to detect fenitrothion. Moreover, these aptamers have the potential to be further developed into analytical tools for real-time detection of fenitrothion from a wide range of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Hong Trinh
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi City 12400, Vietnam
| | - Ulhas Sopanrao Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Jinnan Song
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Chae Oh Lim
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Korea; (K.H.T.); (U.S.K.); (J.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.K.); (K.O.L.); (C.O.L.); (W.S.C.)
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bengtson Nash SM, Castrillon J, Eisenmann P, Fry B, Shuker JD, Cropp RA, Dawson A, Bignert A, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Waugh CA, Polkinghorne BJ, Dalle Luche G, McLagan D. Signals from the south; humpback whales carry messages of Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem variability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1500-1510. [PMID: 29284198 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Southern hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) rely on summer prey abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to fuel one of the longest-known mammalian migrations on the planet. It is hypothesized that this species, already adapted to endure metabolic extremes, will be one of the first Antarctic consumers to show measurable physiological change in response to fluctuating prey availability in a changing climate; and as such, a powerful sentinel candidate for the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. Here, we targeted the sentinel parameters of humpback whale adiposity and diet, using novel, as well as established, chemical and biochemical markers, and assembled a time trend spanning 8 years. We show the synchronous, inter-annual oscillation of two measures of humpback whale adiposity with Southern Ocean environmental variables and climate indices. Furthermore, bulk stable isotope signatures provide clear indication of dietary compensation strategies, or a lower trophic level isotopic change, following years indicated as leaner years for the whales. The observed synchronicity of humpback whale adiposity and dietary markers, with climate patterns in the Southern Ocean, lends strength to the role of humpback whales as powerful Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem sentinels. The work carries significant potential to reform current ecosystem surveillance in the Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bengtson Nash
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Juliana Castrillon
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Pascale Eisenmann
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Brian Fry
- The Australian River's Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Jon D Shuker
- eResearch Services, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Roger A Cropp
- School of Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Amanda Dawson
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | - Courtney A Waugh
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Greta Dalle Luche
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - David McLagan
- Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program, The Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Expression of common biomarkers in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) exposed to an organochlorine contaminant. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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A nutritional-toxicological assessment of Antarctic krill oil versus fish oil dietary supplements. Nutrients 2014; 6:3382-402. [PMID: 25170991 PMCID: PMC4179167 DOI: 10.3390/nu6093382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil dietary supplements and complementary medicines are pitched to play a role of increasing strategic importance in meeting daily requirements of essential nutrients, such as long-chain (≥C20, LC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D. Recently a new product category, derived from Antarctic krill, has been launched on the omega-3 nutriceutical market. Antarctic krill oil is marketed as demonstrating a greater ease of absorption due to higher phospholipid content, as being sourced through sustainable fisheries and being free of toxins and pollutants; however, limited data is available on the latter component. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) encompass a range of toxic, man-made contaminants that accumulate preferentially in marine ecosystems and in the lipid reserves of organisms. Extraction and concentration of fish oils therefore represents an inherent nutritional-toxicological conflict. This study aimed to provide the first quantitative comparison of the nutritional (EPA and DHA) versus the toxicological profiles of Antarctic krill oil products, relative to various fish oil categories available on the Australian market. Krill oil products were found to adhere closely to EPA and DHA manufacturer specifications and overall were ranked as containing intermediate levels of POP contaminants when compared to the other products analysed. Monitoring of the pollutant content of fish and krill oil products will become increasingly important with expanding regulatory specifications for chemical thresholds.
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Poulsen AH, Landrum PF, Kawaguchi S, Bengtson Nash SM. Dietary exposure of Antarctic krill to p,p'-DDE: uptake kinetics and toxicological sensitivity in a key polar species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 175:92-99. [PMID: 23354157 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the dietary uptake kinetics and sublethal toxicity of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in Antarctic krill. The uptake rate constant (characterised by the seawater volume stripped of contaminant sorbed to algae) of 200 ± 0.32 mL g(-1) wet weight h(-1), average absorption efficiency of 86 ± 13% and very low elimination rate constant of 5 × 10(-6) ± 0.0031 h(-1) demonstrate the importance of feeding for p,p'-DDE bioaccumulation in Antarctic krill. Faecal egestion of unabsorbed p,p'-DDE of 8.1 ± 2.7% indicates that this pathway contributes considerably to p,p'-DDE sinking fluxes. A median internal effective concentration (IEC50) of 15 mmol/kg lipid weight for complete immobility indicates baseline toxicity and that Antarctic krill exhibit comparable toxicological sensitivity as temperate species under similar 10 d exposure conditions. These findings support the critical body residue approach and provide insight to the role of Antarctic krill in the biogeochemical cycling of p,p'-DDE in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita H Poulsen
- The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
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