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Xarchoulakos DC, Kallihtrakas-Kontos NG. Uranium analysis in urine after membrane complexation and alpha spectrometry counting. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Beckford K, Grimes CA, Margerison C, Riddell LJ, Skeaff SA, West ML, Nowson CA. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 24-h urinary output of children and adolescents: impact on the assessment of iodine status using urinary biomarkers. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3113-3131. [PMID: 31784814 PMCID: PMC7501103 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary iodine concentration (UIC (μg/ml) from spot urine samples collected from school-aged children is used to determine the iodine status of populations. Some studies further extrapolate UIC to represent daily iodine intake, based on the assumption that children pass approximately 1 L urine over 24-h, but this has never been assessed in population studies. Therefore, the present review aimed to collate and produce an estimate of the average 24-h urine volume of children and adolescents (> 1 year and < 19 years) from published studies. METHODS EBSCOHOST and EMBASE databases were searched to identify studies which reported the mean 24-h urinary volume of healthy children (> 1 year and < 19 years). The overall mean (95% CI) estimate of 24-h urine volume was determined using a random effects model, broken down by age group. RESULTS Of the 44 studies identified, a meta-analysis of 27 studies, with at least one criterion for assessing the completeness of urine collections, indicated that the mean urine volume of 2-19 year olds was 773 (654, 893) (95% CI) mL/24-h. When broken down by age group, mean (95% CI) 24-h urine volume was 531 mL/day (454, 607) for 2-5 year olds, 771 mL/day (734, 808) for 6-12 year olds, and 1067 mL/day (855, 1279) for 13-19 year olds. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the average urine volume of children aged 2-12 years is less than 1 L, therefore, misclassification of iodine intakes may occur when urine volumes fall below or above 1 L. Future studies utilizing spot urine samples to assess iodine status should consider this when extrapolating UIC to represent iodine intakes of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Beckford
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Carley A Grimes
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Claire Margerison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Lynn J Riddell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Sheila A Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, 362 Leith St, North Dunedin, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Madeline L West
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Caryl A Nowson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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Wufuer R, Song W, Zhang D, Pan X, Gadd GM. A survey of uranium levels in urine and hair of people living in a coal mining area in Yili, Xinjiang, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 189:168-174. [PMID: 29679817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have drawn attention to the uranium contamination arising from coal mining activities in the Yili region of Xinjiang, China due to the mixed distribution of uranium and coal mines, and some of the coal mines being associated with a high uranium content. In this study, we have collected water samples, solid samples such as soil, mud, coal, and coal ash, and hair and urine samples from local populations in order to evaluate the uranium level in this environment and its implications for humans in this high uranium coal mining area. Our results showed that uranium concentrations were 8.71-10.91 μg L-1 in underground water, whereas lower levels of uranium occurred in river water. Among the solid samples, coal ash contained fairly high concentrations of uranium (33.1 μg g-1) due to enrichment from coal burning. In addition, uranium levels in the other solid samples were around 2.8 μg g-1 (the Earth's average background value). Uranium concentrations in hair and urine samples were 22.2-634.5 ng g-1 (mean: 156.2 ng g-1) and 8.44-761.6 ng L-1 (mean: 202.6 ng L-1), respectively, which are significantly higher than reference values reported for unexposed subjects in other areas. Therefore, these results indicate that people living in this coal mining area have been subjected to uranium exposure for long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DDI 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Martins AC, Gallimberti M, de Oliveira Souza VC, Rocha BA, Barbosa F. Biomonitoring for uranium exposure among young children living in nineteen states across five regions of Brazil. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Malátová I, Bečková V, Kotík L. Urinary excretion of uranium in adult inhabitants of the Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 152:92-96. [PMID: 26650830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine and evaluate urinary excretion of uranium in the general public of the Czech Republic. This value should serve as a baseline for distinguishing possible increase in uranium content in population living near legacy sites of mining and processing uranium ores and also to help to distinguish the proportion of the uranium content in urine among uranium miners resulting from inhaled dust. The geometric mean of the uranium concentration in urine of 74 inhabitants of the Czech Republic was 0.091 mBq/L (7.4 ng/L) with the 95% confidence interval 0.071-0.12 mBq/L (5.7-9.6 ng/L) respectively. The geometric mean of the daily excretion was 0.15 mBq/d (12.4 ng/d) with the 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.20 mBq/d (9.5-16.1 ng/d) respectively. Despite the legacy of uranium mines and plants processing uranium ore in the Czech Republic, the levels of uranium in urine and therefore, also human body content of uranium, is similar to other countries, esp. Germany, Slovenia and USA. Significant difference in the daily urinary excretion of uranium was found between individuals using public supply and private water wells as a source of drinking water. Age dependence of daily urinary excretion of uranium was not found. Mean values and their range are comparable to other countries, esp. Germany, Slovenia and USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Malátová
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Bečková
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kotík
- National Radiation Protection Institute, Bartoškova 28, 142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
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Sughis M, Nawrot TS, Riaz A, Ikram-Dar U, Mahmood A, Haufroid V, Nemery B. Metal exposure in schoolchildren and working children. A urinary biomonitoring study from Lahore, Pakistan. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:669-77. [PMID: 24641998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to document the exposure to trace metals among urban schoolchildren and rural working children, we measured the urinary concentrations of metals in schoolchildren from two areas of differing traffic intensity in Lahore, and in children working in carpet weaving or the brick industry outside Lahore. In a cross-sectional design, we recruited a convenience sample of 339 children aged 8-12 years (mean age 9.9 y, SD 1.4; 47% girls) from two elementary schools in Lahore - one situated in a high air pollution area (n=100) and one situated in an area with lower air pollution (n=79) - and from the carpet weaving industry (n=80) and brick industry (n=80). A spot urine sample was collected and concentrations of 20 metals and metalloids were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples of drinking water were similarly analyzed. In general, the urinary concentrations of several toxic metals (including Cr, Mn, As, Mo, Cd, Pb, U) were higher than international reference values. Concentrations of As were especially elevated in children working in the brick making industry [geometric mean (GM) 118 μg/L], but they were also high among urban schoolchildren (GM 68 μg/L and 56 μg/L). Lead (Pb) was higher in urine from schoolchildren in the high air pollution area (GM 11 μg/L) than in those from the lower pollution area (GM 5.3 μg/L). Uranium (U) was high in both carpet weavers (GM 0.28 μg/L) and brick kiln workers (GM 0.45 μg/L). Concentrations of As, Pb, and U in drinking water corresponded well with urinary concentrations of metals. This descriptive study provides evidence for a high exposure to several toxic metals in this area of Pakistan. The concentrations of urinary As are in the order of those found in other regions of the world with high environmental exposure to As. The sources and pathways of exposure and the health significance of these findings need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sughis
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium; Centre of Research for Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Amir Riaz
- Centre of Research for Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Arshad Mahmood
- Centre for the Improvement of Working Conditions & Environment, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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