1
|
Wilson PC, Hinz FO, Farrell I. Impacts of Fulvic Acid on the Toxicity of the Herbicide Atrazine to Lemna minor. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:77. [PMID: 38758236 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Fulvic acids (FA) are environmentally prevalent components of dissolved organic carbon. Little research has evaluated their potential influence on the bioavailability of herbicides to non-target aquatic plants. This study evaluated the potential impacts of FA on the bioavailability of atrazine (ATZ) to the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Plants were exposed to 0, 15, 30, 60, 125, and 750 µg/L ATZ in media containing three FA concentrations (0, 5, and 15 mg/L) in a factorial study under static conditions. Fronds were counted after 7- and 14-days exposure and intrinsic growth rates (IGR) and total frond yields were calculated for analysis. Atrazine NOAECs and LOAECs within each FA treatment series (0, 5, or 15 mg/L) were identified and EC50s were estimated. NOAEC/LOAECs for yield and IGR were 60/125 µg/L except for yield in the 0 mg/L-FA series (30/60) and IGR in the 5 mg/L-FA series (30/60). NOAEC/LOAECs were 30/60 µg/L for all treatments and both endpoints after 14 days exposure. EC50s ranged from 88.2 to 106.1 µg/L (frond production 7 DAT), 158.0-186.0 µg/L (IGR, 7 DAT), 74.7-86.3 µg/L (frond production, 14 DAT), and 144.1-151.3 µg/L (IGR, 14 DAT). FA concentrations did not influence the toxicity of ATZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chris Wilson
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, 2181 McCarty Hall A, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Francisca O Hinz
- Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida/IFAS, 2181 McCarty Hall A, PO Box 110290, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ilana Farrell
- Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fahr DJ, Hinz FO, Reisinger AJ, Huddleston GM, Bisesi JH, Wilson PC. Influence of Water Resource Recovery Facility Effluents on the Presence of Selected Trace Organic Contaminants (TOrCs) in the Reedy River, South Carolina. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 107:868-875. [PMID: 34652459 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reclamation facilities are known sources of emerging contaminants associated with human health and sanitation. This study evaluated the contribution of trace organic contaminants to a previously unmonitored river by water resource reclamation facilities. Six sampling events were conducted on the Reedy River in South Carolina. Sampling locations included sites upstream and downstream of two WRRFs located on the river to examine potential contributions under drought conditions where WRRF effluents comprise a large proportion of total stream flow. Five target analytes were monitored including atrazine, carbamazepine, 17β-estradiol, perfluorooctanoic acid, and sulfamethoxazole. On a mass basis, the WRRFs contributed additional loadings of carbamazepine ranging from 5.4 g/d to 7.2 g/d (mean: 6.3 ± 0.4 g/d), PFOA ranging from 8.6 to 31.9 g/d (mean: 20.0 ± 4.9), and sulfamethoxazole ranging from 49.4 g/d to 75.1 g/d (mean: 62.1 ± 4.8). 17β-estradiol was detected once and atrazine was not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fahr
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110290, 2181 McCarty Hall A, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0290, USA
| | - Francisca O Hinz
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110290, 2181 McCarty Hall A, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0290, USA
| | - Alexander J Reisinger
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110290, 2181 McCarty Hall A, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0290, USA
| | - George M Huddleston
- Copperhead Environmental Consulting, Inc., 471 Main Street, Paint Lick, KY, 40461, USA
| | - Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, PO Box 110885, 2187 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - P Chris Wilson
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, PO Box 110290, 2181 McCarty Hall A, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0290, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Annisa N, Prasetia H, Sholihah Q. Potential of carbonized rice husk as a filter media rain garden to decrease the turbidity of water and Coli bacteria in the Stormwater Runoff. a review of current research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1011/1/012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
4
|
Vonk JA, Kraak MHS. Herbicide Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Primary Producers. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 250:119-171. [PMID: 32945954 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to give an overview of the current state of science concerning herbicide exposure and toxicity to aquatic primary producers. To this end we assessed the open literature, revealing the widespread presence of (mixtures of) herbicides, inevitably leading to the exposure of non-target primary producers. Yet, herbicide concentrations show strong temporal and spatial variations. Concerning herbicide toxicity, it was concluded that the most sensitive as well as the least sensitive species differed per herbicide and that the observed effect concentrations for some herbicides were rather independent from the exposure time. More extensive ecotoxicity testing is required, especially considering macrophytes and marine herbicide toxicity. Hence, it was concluded that the largest knowledge gap concerns the effects of sediment-associated herbicides on primary producers in the marine/estuarine environment. Generally, there is no actual risk of waterborne herbicides to aquatic primary producers. Still, median concentrations of atrazine and especially of diuron measured in China, the USA and Europe represented moderate risks for primary producers. Maximum concentrations due to misuse and accidents may even cause the exceedance of almost 60% of the effect concentrations plotted in SSDs. Using bioassays to determine the effect of contaminated water and sediment and to identify the herbicides of concern is a promising addition to chemical analysis, especially for the photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides using photosynthesis as endpoint in the bioassays. This review concluded that to come to a reliable herbicide hazard and risk assessment, an extensive catch-up must be made concerning macrophytes, the marine environment and especially sediment as overlooked and understudied environmental compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Zou Y, Wang J, Li M, Wen Y. Phytotoxicity of chiral herbicide bromacil: Enantioselectivity of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 548-549:139-147. [PMID: 26802342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the wide application of chiral herbicides and the frequent detection of photosystem II (PSII) herbicides, it is of great importance to assess the direct effects of PSII herbicides on photosynthesis in an enantiomeric level. In the present study, the enantioselective phytotoxicity of bromacil (BRO), typical photosynthesis inhibition herbicide, on Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated. The results showed that S-BRO exhibited a greater inhibition of electron transmission in photosystem I (PSI) of A. thaliana than R-BRO by inhibiting the transcription of fnr 1. S-BRO also changed the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Y (II), Y (NO), and Y (NPQ) to a greater extent than R-Bro. Transcription of genes psbO2, Lhcb3 and Lhcb6 was down-regulated in an enantioselective rhythm and S-BRO caused more serious influence, indicating that S-BRO did worse damage to the photosystem II (PSII) of A. thaliana than R-BRO. This study suggested that S-BRO disturbed the photosynthesis of plants to a larger extent than R-BRO and provided a new sight to evaluate the phytotoxicity of chiral herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunwei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meichao Li
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sathishkumar P, Mangalaraja RV, Rozas O, Vergara C, Mansilla HD, Gracia-Pinilla MA, Anandan S. Sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon in aqueous environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 146:216-225. [PMID: 26735720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Norflurazon (4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridazin-3(2H)-one; C12H9ClF3N3O) is an excellent weed controlling agent being practiced in the agricultural lands. The excessive addition or the undissolved Norflurazon (maximum solubility 28 mg/L at 25 °C) enters into the aquatic environment and causes the adverse effects associated with its high concentration. To avoid the perilous effects, visible light assisted photocatalysis set-up coupled with the 42 kHz ultrasound producing bath type sonicator is used to completely mineralize the Norflurazon. TiO2, ZnO and gold loaded zinc oxide nanocatalysts were utilized to study the mineralization of Norflurazon. Au-ZnO shows the greater efficiency for the sonophotocatalytic removal of Norflurazon among the various nanocatalysts employed to study the mineralization. The order of Norflurazon mineralization was sonophotocatalysis > sonocatalysis > photocatalysis. The additive effect was achieved for the sonophotocatalytic degradation. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LCMS) analyses were employed to identify the various intermediates produced during the mineralization. The identification of four pseudo molecular ions and various intermediates using the LCMS analysis evidently suggests the sonophotocatalytic degradation was preceded in various decay pathways. A suitable mechanism has been proposed for the sonophotocatalytic mineralization of Norflurazon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Sathishkumar
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 407-0409, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ramalinga Viswanathan Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 407-0409, Chile.
| | - Oscar Rozas
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepcion, PO Box 160-C, Correo 3, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carola Vergara
- Instrumental Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, PO Box 160-C, Correo 3, Concepción, Chile
| | - Héctor D Mansilla
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepcion, PO Box 160-C, Correo 3, Concepcion, Chile
| | - M A Gracia-Pinilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Av. Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Desarrollo de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Avenida Alianza 101 Sur PIIT Monterrey, Apodaca, N.L. 66600, Mexico
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620 015, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu J, Lu J, Lu H, Lin Y, Wilson PC. Occurrence and ecological risks from fipronil in aquatic environments located within residential landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:139-147. [PMID: 25747373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence of fipronil and its metabolites in aquatic environments in residentially-developed landscapes, including five canals and three retention ponds. Fipronil was detected at four of the sites, with concentrations of 0.5-207.3 ng L(-1). Fipronil sulfone and fipronil sulfide were detected at three sampling sites, with concentrations ranging from 0.46 to 57.75 and 0.40-26.92 ng L(-1), respectively. Multiple risk assessment methods were performed to characterize potential ecological risks, including deterministic screening and probabilistic risk assessment techniques. The deterministic method indicated no risk to certain biotic groups (i.e. aquatic plants, fish, molluscs, and algae-moss-fungi), but did indicate risks to larval insects and crustaceans. Results from the probabilistic risk assessment indicated significant ecological risks (acute and chronic) ranging from 0.75 to 58.9% and 3.9-35.0% when organisms were exposed to the maximum and median concentrations detected, respectively. The potentially affected fraction of species (PAF) likely to be acutely impacted ranged from 4.6 to 8.1% (fipronil), 0.2-1.6% (fipronil sulfone), and 1.9-3.1% (fipronil sulfide) in the ponds with frequent detectable concentrations. The PAF likely to be impacted at chronic toxicity levels ranged from 16.5 to 23.8% for fipronil. Joint probability curve analysis indicated that concentrations exceeded the LC50 of the most sensitive 5% of species 8.5-18.8% of the time at two of the sites with the most frequent detections. Using the more conservative NOEC/LOEC values, there was a 75-78% probability that concentrations were high enough to negatively affect the most sensitive 5% of species at the same two sites, indicating significant risks for chronic toxicity. JPCs indicated a ≤2.6% probability of fipronil sulfone exceeding the LC50 concentrations for the most sensitive 5% of species at the same two sites; and a 4.3-6.8% probability of fipronil sulfide exceeding the LC50 concentrations at the same sites. Results indicate that fipronil and its sulfone and sulfide degradation products may present significant risks to aquatic organisms in some residentially-developed areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
| | - Hai Lu
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
| | - Youjian Lin
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945-3138, USA
| | - P Chris Wilson
- Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida/IFAS, P.O. Box 110290, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Williams RM, Kulick AR, Yedlapalli S, Battistella L, Hajiran CJ, Sooter LJ. In vitro selection of a single-stranded DNA molecular recognition element specific for bromacil. J Nucleic Acids 2014; 2014:102968. [PMID: 25400940 PMCID: PMC4225842 DOI: 10.1155/2014/102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromacil is a widely used herbicide that is known to contaminate environmental systems. Due to the hazards it presents and inefficient detection methods, it is necessary to create a rapid and efficient sensing device. Towards this end, we have utilized a stringent in vitro selection method to identify single-stranded DNA molecular recognition elements (MRE) specific for bromacil. We have identified one MRE with high affinity (K d = 9.6 nM) and specificity for bromacil compared to negative targets of selection and other pesticides. The selected ssDNA MRE will be useful as the sensing element in a field-deployable bromacil detection device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Williams
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Molecular Pharmacology & Chemistry Program, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda R. Kulick
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yedlapalli
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 217 Clark Hall, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Louisa Battistella
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Cyrus J. Hajiran
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Letha J. Sooter
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, P.O. Box 9530, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbas HH, Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Chromatographic Methods for Analysis of Triazine Herbicides. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 45:226-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.927731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Wilson PC, Koch R. Influence of exposure concentration and duration on effects and recovery of Lemna minor exposed to the herbicide norflurazon. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 23203583 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects and potential recovery of the surrogate aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor exposed to the herbicide norflurazon for 10 days under controlled conditions. Decreases in frond production occurred as early as 2 days after treatment (DAT) at concentrations ≥250 μg/L. The observed no observable-adverse effects and lowest observable-adverse effects concentrations during the 2-, 6-, and 10-day exposure periods were 100/250, 10/25, and 10/25 μg/L, respectively, for total frond production. The estimated EC(50) value for total frond production was 24.9 ± 4.1 μg/L (6 days of exposure). Symptoms of norflurazon toxicity (bleaching of foliage) were apparent within 2 DAT for concentrations ≥25 μg/L with 30-39 % of the fronds within each treatment exhibiting symptoms of toxicity. After 6- and 10-day exposures, 69-77 and 80-95 % of these plants showed toxic symptoms, respectively. Symptoms of toxicity for the 10 μg/L treatment first appeared at 4 DAT (51 % of fronds were symptomatic), peaked at 91 % 8 DAT, and were only 2 % at 10 DAT, thus indicating recovery. Norflurazon toxicity was eventually reversible at all concentrations once it was removed from the nutrient solutions. After 17 days of recovery (27 DAT), growth rates for all concentrations ≤250 μg/L were similar to those of the controls. Growth rates for all treatment concentrations recovered to control levels after 28 days of recovery (38 DAT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Chris Wilson
- Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida/IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center, 2199 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|