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Saleem M, Pierce D, Wang Y, Sens DA, Somji S, Garrett SH. Heavy Metal(oid)s Contamination and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment in Agricultural Soils. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:634-650. [PMID: 38804290 PMCID: PMC11130943 DOI: 10.3390/jox14020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution caused by heavy metal(oid)s has generated great concern worldwide due to their toxicity, persistence, and bio-accumulation properties. To assess the baseline data, the heavy metal(oid)s, including manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), were evaluated in surface soil samples collected from the farmlands of Grand Forks County, North Dakota. Samples were digested via acid mixture and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) analysis to assess the levels, ecological risks, and possible sources. The heavy metal(oid) median levels exhibited the following decreasing trend: Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Cd > Hg. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested the main lithogenic source for the studied metal(oid)s. Metal(oid) levels in the current investigation, except Mn, are lower than most of the guideline values set by international agencies. The contamination factor (Cf), geo accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) showed considerable contamination, moderate contamination, and significant enrichment, respectively, for As and Cd on median value basis. Ecological risk factor (Er) results exhibited low ecological risk for all studied metal(oid)s except Cd, which showed considerable ecological risk. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) levels indicated low ecological risk to considerable risk. Overall, the results indicate the accumulation of As and Cd in the study area. The high nutrients of the soils potentially affect their accumulation in crops and impact on consumers' health. This drives the impetus for continued environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - David Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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Yoon S, Kim DM, Yu S, Batsaikhan B, Kim T, Yun ST. Characteristics of soil contamination by potentially toxic elements in mine areas of Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 46:15. [PMID: 38147160 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as metal(loid)s, in mining areas was characterized on a nationwide scale in Mongolia to understand the contamination status throughout the country, according to mine types. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis exhibited better classification and explanation of soil contamination according to ore types compared to conventional statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results of PMF analysis for metal(loid) contents in 1425 topsoil samples collected from 272 mines illuminated four Factors, which primarily contributed to As (Factor 1), Pb, Zn, and Cd (Factor 2), Ni (Factor 3), and Cu and Cd (Factor 4) contaminations, respectively. In hard-rock gold mines, As was enriched and the contribution of Factor 1 was high (31.2%) due to the affinity between As and Au. In placer gold mines, the contribution of Factor 3 (41.8%) was high due to the affinity between Ni and weathering-resistant heavy minerals. For base metal, fluorite, and coal mines, contributions of Factors 2 (32.1-50.9%) and 4 (17.7-33.6%) were high owing to sulfides containing Pb-Zn-d and Cu. These impacts of mine types were altered by local geology (e.g., skarn). Meanwhile, Hg amalgamation contributed to Hg contamination in a few hard-rock gold mines. These results suggest that soil contaminants in mining areas are mainly affected by the type of deposits with geochemical affinities, region-specific ore characteristics, and artificial processing. Understanding these effects will help establish national strategies for countermeasures, such as soil rehabilitation in mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmoon Yoon
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, 26464, South Korea
| | - Duk-Min Kim
- Department of New Energy and Mining Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju, 26339, South Korea.
| | - Soonyoung Yu
- Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, South Korea
| | - Bayartungalag Batsaikhan
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 15170, Mongolia
| | - Tackhyun Kim
- Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, 26464, South Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Gomes PR, Pestana IA, de Almeida MG, de Oliveira BCV, de Rezende CE. Effects of illegal gold mining on Hg concentrations in water, Pistia stratiotes, suspended particulate matter, and bottom sediments of two impacted rivers (Paraíba do Sul River and Muriaé River), Southeastern, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:797. [PMID: 36114919 PMCID: PMC9483332 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of illegal small-scale alluvial gold mining activities (locally called garimpo) by miners working on rafts in the Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) and in one of its tributaries (Muriaé River (MR)) have raised concerns about Hg contamination. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of garimpo activities on Hg contamination in three environmental compartments. Water, sediment, and aquatic macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes) were sampled during the rainy season in PSR, forming a 106-km transect from the point where garimpo rafts were seen and/or seized by the Federal Police. They were also sampled in the MR. Total and dissolved mercury (Hg) concentrations in water and total Hg in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) sampled in the PSR increased by 1.7, 1.5, and 2.1 times at the points where the rafts were seen compared to the point immediately upstream. In the MR, Hg concentrations were higher than those in the PSR, but most values in the environmental compartments were below the safe limits (174-486 ng∙g-1, threshold and probable effect level, respectively), with the exception of Hg in the SPM of one of the MR sampling points (256 ng∙g-1) and the mining tailings (197 ng∙g-1). Sediment granulometry was exponentially associated with Hg concentrations in the sediment (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001) and is also essential to understand the physical impacts of garimpo on PSR. Future studies should focus on assessing the seasonal variability of Hg concentrations in the studied compartments, especially if garimpo is identified during the dry season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Ribeiro Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Bráulio Cherene Vaz de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia E Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências E Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28013-602, Brazil
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Environmental Assessment and Toxic Metal-Contamination Level in Surface Sediment of a Water Reservoir in the Brazilian Cerrado. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13081044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polluted sediments limit the useful and biotic life of a water reservoir. Therefore, the classification and verification of the contamination and pollution levels of water reservoirs are essentials for the preservation of the biota and to organize the actions of environmental management. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the concentrations of potentially toxic metals [lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd)] in sediment samples collected in the water reservoir of the Foz do Rio Claro Hydroelectric Power Plant (FRCHEPP) and estimate the contamination level by using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo). All results were compared with the values established by the CONAMA Resolution 454/2012. The Cu and Cd concentrations in the sediment samples were above Level II for most of the analyzed points in comparison with the data of the CONAMA resolution, being classified as poor quality sediments. Moreover, the Igeo values indicated potential pollution of the water reservoir sediment by Cu and Cd. Hence, the water reservoir was classified between moderately and extremely polluted. From this work it is possible to conclude that the frequent monitoring of the sediment quality in the FRCHEPP water reservoir is an indispensable action for periodic evaluation of the hydrographic basin quality in the study region, considering its importance as water supply and power generation for the state of Goiás, Brazil. Overall, the results of this work can be important to study other water reservoirs around the world.
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Friedland G, Grüneberg B, Hupfer M. Geochemical signatures of lignite mining products in sediments downstream a fluvial-lacustrine system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143942. [PMID: 33348154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the open-cast lignite mining in the Lusatian region of north-eastern Germany, large amounts of iron, sulphate, trace metals, and aluminium are fed into the groundwater and small streams that discharge into the River Spree, which ultimately flows through urban Berlin. In this study, we examined whether the input of these mining products leads to longitudinal gradients in element compositions and mineral formations in the riverine sediments. The signatures of fluvial and interconnected lacustrine sediments along a 190-km flow section were evaluated via principal component analysis to define the impact range of the open-cast products. These products clearly showed a sediment impact range of at least ~90 km downstream of the mining area. In particular, nickel and cobalt readily co-precipitate with iron, while sedimentary sulphur initially increases and therefore shows a longer impact range than amorphous iron oxy-hydroxides. These findings further demonstrate that sulphur and iron have different transport mechanisms. Although sulphate concentrations in the river waters of Berlin are still high, sedimentary iron and sulphur contents at the city border are only slightly higher than at the reference point close to the source of River Spree. The strongly diminished but still present mining signature in urban Berlin is replaced by an urban signature characterised by high levels of zinc, chromium, lead, and copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Friedland
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany; Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Department of Freshwater Conservation, Seestraße 45, D-15526 Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Björn Grüneberg
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Department of Freshwater Conservation, Seestraße 45, D-15526 Bad Saarow, Germany; Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Rudower Chaussee 39, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
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Guo W, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhao X, Xie Y. Sediment information on natural and anthropogenic-induced change of connected water systems in Chagan Lake, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:795-808. [PMID: 30905040 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses changes in connected water systems in Chagan Lake induced by the interference of natural and human activities, based on the analysis of sediment characteristics. In this study, the following sediment characteristics were investigated in the lake area, the natural supply area, and the lake drainage area: mineral composition; particle size distribution; magnetic susceptibility; nutrient content; content of isotopes δ13Corg and δ15N; and content of heavy metals and of metallic oxides. The results showed that silicate minerals quartz, orthoclase, and anorthose were abundant in the whole lake water system. Quartz accumulated more easily in the lake area, while carbonate masses in the lake mainly came from the Huolinhe River. Moving from the lake area to the water diversion and drainage areas, fine particles clearly decreased, while coarse particles significantly increased due to the increase in hydraulic erosion. The main sources of nutrients and of organic matter are: the residual of the drainage from the Qianguo irrigated areas; the surrounding villages and the tourist area; and the decomposition of aquatic organisms. A large number of anthropogenic heavy metals, such as Hg, Cu, and As, were accumulated in the artificial water diversion area and in the farmland drainage area. This study indicates that recovering the original connected water system during the wet season, while at the same time enhancing water supply during the dry season could improve the ecological quality of Chagan Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunkai Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangcun Xie
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China.
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Raigani ZM, Nosrati K, Collins AL. Fingerprinting sub-basin spatial sediment sources in a large Iranian catchment under dry-land cultivation and rangeland farming: Combining geochemical tracers and weathering indices. JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY. REGIONAL STUDIES 2019; 24:100613. [PMID: 31417849 PMCID: PMC6686636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
STUDY REGION The Kamish River catchment (308 km2); a mountainous agricultural catchment under dry-land and rangeland farming located in Kermanshah province, in western Iran. STUDY FOCUS The main objective of this study was to apportion sub-basin spatial source relative contributions to target channel bed sediment samples using a composite fingerprinting procedure including a Bayesian un-mixing model. In total, thirty-four geochemical tracers, eleven elemental ratios and different weathering indices were measured or estimated for 43 tributary sediment samples collected to characterise three sub-basin spatial sediment sources and eleven target bed sediment samples collected at the outlet of the main basin. Statistical analysis was used to select three different composite signatures. NEW HYDROLOGICAL INSIGHTS FOR THE REGION Using a composite signature based on KW-H and DFA, the respective relative contributions (with uncertainty ranges) from tributary sub-basins 1, 2 and 3 were estimated as 54.3% (47.8-62.0), 11.4% (4.2-18.7) and 34.3% (27.6-39.9), compared to 72.0% (61.6-82.7), 13.6% (9.0-18.5) and 14.2% (3.1-25.4) using a combination of KW-H and data mining, and 50.8% (42.8-59.9), 28.7% (20.2-37.3) and 20.3% (12.7-27.2) using a fingerprint selected by KW-H and PCCA. The root mean square difference between these source estimates highlighted sensitivity to the composite signatures. Evaluation of the un-mixing model predictions using virtual mixture tests confirmed agreement between modelled and known source proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Mohammadi Raigani
- Department of Physical Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Nosrati
- Department of Physical Geography, School of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Adrian L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
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Guan Z, Tang XY, Yang JE, Ok YS, Xu Z, Nishimura T, Reid BJ. A review of source tracking techniques for fine sediment within a catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1221-1243. [PMID: 28455820 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive transport of fine sediment, and its associated pollutants, can cause detrimental impacts in aquatic environments. It is therefore important to perform accurate sediment source apportionment to identify hot spots of soil erosion. Various tracers have been adopted, often in combination, to identify sediment source type and its spatial origin; these include fallout radionuclides, geochemical tracers, mineral magnetic properties and bulk and compound-specific stable isotopes. In this review, the applicability of these techniques to particular settings and their advantages and limitations are reviewed. By synthesizing existing approaches, that make use of multiple tracers in combination with measured changes of channel geomorphological attributes, an integrated analysis of tracer profiles in deposited sediments in lakes and reservoirs can be made. Through a multi-scale approach for fine sediment tracking, temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment load can be reconstructed and the consequences of changing catchment practices evaluated. We recommend that long-term, as well as short-term, monitoring of riverine fine sediment and corresponding surface and subsurface sources at nested sites within a catchment are essential. Such monitoring will inform the development and validation of models for predicting dynamics of fine sediment transport as a function of hydro-climatic and geomorphological controls. We highlight that the need for monitoring is particularly important for hilly catchments with complex and changing land use. We recommend that research should be prioritized for sloping farmland-dominated catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Guan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Xiang-Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jae E Yang
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science and Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science and Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Taku Nishimura
- Laboratory of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Brian J Reid
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Ma L, Sun J, Yang Z, Wang L. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils affected by mining activities around the Ganxi River in Chenzhou, Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:731. [PMID: 26547321 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination attracted a wide spread attention due to their strong toxicity and persistence. The Ganxi River, located in Chenzhou City, Southern China, has been severely polluted by lead/zinc ore mining activities. This work investigated the heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around the Ganxi River. The total concentrations of heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The potential risk associated with the heavy metals in soil was assessed by Nemerow comprehensive index and potential ecological risk index. In both methods, the study area was rated as very high risk. Multivariate statistical methods including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were employed to evaluate the relationships between heavy metals, as well as the correlation between heavy metals and pH, to identify the metal sources. Three distinct clusters have been observed by hierarchical cluster analysis. In principal component analysis, a total of two components were extracted to explain over 90% of the total variance, both of which were associated with anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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de Castilhos ND, Melquiades FL, Thomaz EL, Bastos RO. X-ray fluorescence and gamma-ray spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis for topographic studies in agricultural soil. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 95:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Franz C, Makeschin F, Weiß H, Lorz C. Sediments in urban river basins: identification of sediment sources within the Lago Paranoá catchment, Brasilia DF, Brazil - using the fingerprint approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:513-523. [PMID: 23933453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective sediment management strategies is a key requirement in tropical areas with fast urban development, like Brasilia DF, Brazil, because of the limited resources available. Accurate identification and management of sediment sources areas, however, is hampered by the dearth of reliable information on the primary sources of sediment. Few studies have attempted to quantify the source of sediment within fast urbanizing, mixed used, tropical catchments. In this study, statistically verified composite fingerprints and a multivariate mixing model have been used to identify the main land use specific sources of sediment deposited in the artificial Lago Paranoá, Central Brazil. Because of the variability of urban land use types within the Lago Paranoá sub-catchments, the fingerprinting approach was additionally undertaking for the Riacho Fundo sub-catchment. The main contributions from individual source types (i.e. surface materials from residential areas, constructions sites, road deposited sediment, cultivated areas, pasture, farm tracks, woodland and natural gullies) varied between the whole catchment and the Riacho Fundo sub-catchment, reflecting the different proportions of land uses. The sediments deposited in the silting zones of the Lago Paranoá originate largely from urban sources (85 ± 4%). Areas with (semi-) natural vegetation and natural gullies contribute 10 ± 2% of the sediment yield. Agricultural sites have only a minor sediment contribution of about 5 ± 4% within the whole catchment. Within the Riacho Fundo sub-catchment there is a significant contribution from urban (53 ± 4%) source, such as residential areas with semi-detached housings (42 ± 3%) with unpaved roads (12 ± 3%) and construction sites (20 ± 3%) and agricultural areas (31 ± 2%). The relative contribution from land use specific sources to the sediment deposition in the silting zone of the Lago Paranoá demonstrated that most of the sediment is derived from sites with high anthropogenic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Franz
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TU Dresden, Pienner Str. 19, D- 01737 Tharandt, Germany.
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