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Karnaeva AE, Sholokhova AY. Validation of the identification reliability of known and assumed UDMH transformation products using gas chromatographic retention indices and machine learning. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142679. [PMID: 38909863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Thirty two commercially available standards were used to determine chromatographic retention indices for three different stationary phases (non-polar, polar and mid-polar) commonly used in gas chromatography. The selected compounds were nitrogen-containing heterocycles and amides, which are referred to in the literature as unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) transformation products or its assumed transformation products. UDMH is a highly toxic compound widely used in the space industry. It is a reactive substance that forms a large number of different compounds in the environment. Well-known transformation products may exceed UDMH itself in their toxicity, but most of the products are poorly investigated, while posing a huge environmental threat. Experimental retention indices for the three stationary phases, retention indices from the NIST database, and predicted retention indices are presented in this paper. It is shown that there are virtually no retention indices for UDMH transformation products in the NIST database. In addition, even among those compounds for which retention indices were known, inconsistencies were identified. Adding retention indices to the database and eliminating erroneous data would allow for more reliable identification when standards are not available. The discrepancies identified between experimental retention index values and predicted values will allow for adjustments to the machine learning models that are used for prediction. Previously proposed compounds as possible transformation products without the use of standards and NMR method were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E Karnaeva
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Yu Sholokhova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Yan X, Huang H, Chen W, Li H, Chen Y, Liang Y, Zeng H. Industrial effluents and N-nitrosamines in karst aquatic systems: a study on distribution and ecological implications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:255. [PMID: 38884657 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of electroplating wastewater, containing high concentrations of N-nitrosamines, poses significant risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Karst aquatic environment is easily impacted by N-nitrosamines due to the fragile surface ecosystem. However, it's still unclear in understanding N-nitrosamine transformation in karst water systems. To explore the response and transport of nine N-nitrosamines in electroplating effluent within both karst surface water and groundwater, different river and groundwater samples were collected from both the upper and lower reaches of the effluent discharge areas in a typical karst industrial catchment in Southwest China. Results showed that the total average concentrations of N-nitrosamines (∑NAs) in electroplating effluent (1800 ng/L) was significantly higher than that in the receiving river water (130 ng/L) and groundwater (70 ng/L). The dynamic nature of karst aquifers resulted in comparable average concentrations of ∑NAs in groundwater (70 ng/L) and river water (79 ng/L) at this catchment. Based on the principal component analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, the electroplating effluent contributed 89% and 53% of N-nitrosamines to the river water and groundwater, respectively. The results based on the species sensitivity distribution model revealed N-nitrosodibutylamine as a particularly toxic compound to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the average N-nitrosamine carcinogenic risk was significantly higher in lower groundwater reaches compared to upper reaches. This study represents a pioneering effort in considering specific N-nitrosamine properties in evaluating their toxicity and constructing species sensitivity curves. It underscores the significance of electroplating effluent as a primary N-nitrosamine source in aquatic environments, emphasizing their swift dissemination and significant accumulation in karst groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution ControlSouth China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Haixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanpeng Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Honghu Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
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3
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Urbaniak M, Chinthakindi S, Martinez A, Hornbuckle KC, Kannan K. Occurrence of primary aromatic amines and nicotine in sediments collected from the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158102. [PMID: 35987249 PMCID: PMC10116586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive use of primary aromatic amines (AAs) in consumer products, little is known about their occurrence in the environment. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 14 AAs and nicotine in 75 sediment samples collected from seven estuarine and freshwater ecosystems in the Unites States. Additionally, risk quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess potential risks of these chemicals to aquatic organisms. Of the 14 AAs analyzed, seven of them were found in sediments. The sum concentrations of seven AAs in sediments were in the range of 10.2 to 1810 ng/g, dry wt (mean: 388 ng/g). Aniline was the most abundant compound, accounting for, on average, 53 % of the total concentrations. Nicotine was found in sediments at a concentration range of <LOQ to 1340 ng/g, dry wt (mean: 119 ng/g). Among the seven sampling locations studied, AAs and nicotine concentrations were the highest in sediment from Altavista wastewater lagoon in Virginia (AV, mean: 1700 ng/g) followed in descending order by Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC, mean: 807 ng/g), Indiana Harbor and Ship Canal (IHSC, mean: 698 ng/g) and New Bedford Harbor (NBH, mean: 482 ng/g). Sediments from the upper Mississippi River (MISS, mean: 63.4 ng/g) and Tittabawassee River (TBR, mean: 52.3 ng/g) contained the lowest concentrations. The RQ values for AAs in sediment ranged from 0 to 733 and that for nicotine ranged from 0 to 2060. Among AAs, the highest RQ value was found for 4-chloroaniline. Nicotine exhibited notable RQ values, which suggested risk from this chemical to aquatic organisms. This is the first study to report the occurrence of AAs in sediments and our results suggest the need for further investigations on the sources and ecological impacts of these chemicals in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sridhar Chinthakindi
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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4
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Stergiou AD, Broadhurst DH, Symes MD. Electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene via redox-mediated chronoamperometry. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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5
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Hu C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Feng XS. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and related compounds in the environment: Recent updates on pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128708. [PMID: 35344890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the release and leakage of UDMH into the environment, posing serious threats to ecology system and human population. Even worse, the health risks are also pertinent to its numerous classes of transformation products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), because most of them display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Recently, there has been an intense ongoing development of simple, fast, green, and effective techniques for determining and removing these hazardous substances. This review summarizes the latest research progress regarding the sources, fates, pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques of UDMH and related products in the environment. Sample preparation methods mainly include pressurized liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction techniques, solid-phase extraction, headspace-solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Detection and identification methods mainly include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and sensors. Removal methods mainly include advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, biodegradation techniques. The advantages/disadvantages, applications, and trends of the proposed approaches are thoroughly discussed to provide a valuable reference for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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6
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Shi Y, Zhang K. Determination of Aniline in Soil by ASE/GC-MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072092. [PMID: 35408491 PMCID: PMC9000536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and simple method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was established to determine the levels of aniline in soil. The matrix spike recovery rates of aniline were investigated by changing several experimental parameters such as vacuum freeze-drying, accelerated solvent extraction, sample transfer, nitrogen-blowing concentration and solvent exchange. Under optimized pretreatment conditions, the linearity of the method ranged from 0.5 to 20 μg mL-1 for aniline, and the correlation coefficient was 0.999. Recoveries of aniline from quartz sand and soil ranged from 76% to 98%, while the precision was excellent with average inter-day and intraday values ranging (n = 6) from 3.1% to 7.5% and 2.0% to 6.9%, respectively. The limits of quantification of the method were 0.04 mg kg-1. Notably, the results show that the method we developed is simple, fast, low cost and can meet the requirements for the determination of aniline in soil samples, sewage sludge, river and pond sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Shi
- Henan Provincial Coal Geological Survey and Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Protection and Rehabilitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Henan Provincial Coal Geological Survey and Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450052, China;
- Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Protection and Rehabilitation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Hamidi Y, Ataei SA, Sarrafi A. A simple, fast and low-cost method for the efficient separation of hydrocarbons from oily sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125328. [PMID: 33609873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since a large amount of sediment organic matter and hydrophobic organic compounds presented in oily sludge sediments in petroleum storage tanks, separation or degradation of these compounds are environmentally important. Therefore, the effect of four solvents and their combinations on the extraction of hydrocarbons in oily sludge from the dredging of petroleum storage tanks in Iran was investigated in this study. Besides, the number of extraction steps and the temperature were also investigated, and the mechanical shaking method was introduced and compared with that of mixing and Soxhlet. The results showed that chloroform held the best solvent, and the combination of solvents showed better extraction than the pure solvents individually. Furthermore, hydrocarbon extraction increased as temperature and extraction steps raised. According to gas chromatography tests, all the solvents revealed acceptable extraction scales. Moreover, the amounts of extracted hydrocarbons by the mechanical shaking method had better results than that of mixer and Soxhlet. The highest percentage of that belonged to mechanical shaking method by 82.8%. It seems that the mechanical shaking method is a simple, fast, low-cost, and suitable alternative to the Soxhlet method for hydrocarbon extraction in oily sludge and petroleum sludge-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Hamidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 76188-68366; National Iranian Oil Company, Head of Research and Products Engineering of National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company of Kerman, Iran 7636-67355
| | - Seyed Ahmad Ataei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 76188-68366.
| | - Amir Sarrafi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 76188-68366
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8
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Progress in the pretreatment and analysis of N-nitrosamines: an update since 2010. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3626-3660. [PMID: 32776791 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1803790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As highly toxic substances, N-nitrosamines (NAs) have been proved to cause carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in humans. Therefore, to carefully monitor safety and preserve human health, the development of rapid, accurate, and high-sensitivity determination methods of NAs is of substantial importance. This review provides a current-status comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and determination methods of NAs in various samples since 2010. Common pretreatment methods that have been used to extract and purify targets include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction and various microextraction methods, such as solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and electrochemical methods, among others. In addition, we discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical methods and examine the prospects in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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NDMA impurity in valsartan and other pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods for the determination of N-nitrosamines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:536-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Veenaas C, Bignert A, Liljelind P, Haglund P. Nontarget Screening and Time-Trend Analysis of Sewage Sludge Contaminants via Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7813-7822. [PMID: 29898598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive sample cleanup and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis generated a massive amount of data that could be used for nontarget screening purposes. We present a data reduction and prioritization strategy that involves time-trend analysis of nontarget data. Sewage sludge collected between 2005 and 2015 in Stockholm (Sweden) was retrieved from an environmental specimen bank, extracted, and analyzed by GC×GC-HRMS. After data alignment features with high blank levels, artifacts and low detection frequency were removed. Features that appeared in four to six out of ten years were reprocessed to fill in gaps. The total number of compounds was reduced by more than 97% from almost 60 000 to almost 1500. The remaining compounds were analyzed for monotonic (log-linear) and nonmonotonic (smoother) time trends. In total, 192 compounds with log-linear trends and 120 compounds with nonmonotonic trends were obtained, respectively. Most compounds described by a log-linear trend exhibited decreasing trends and were traffic-related. Compounds with increasing trends included UV-filters, alkyl-phenols, and flavor and fragrances, which often could be linked to trade statistics. We have shown that nontarget screening and stepwise reduction of data provides a simple way of revealing significant changes in emissions of chemicals in society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Bignert
- Contaminant Research Group , Swedish Museum of Natural History , PO Box 50 007 , SE-10405 Stockholm , Sweden
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11
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Zhan N, Guo F, Tian Q, Yang ZP, Rao Z. Screening and Quantification of Organic Pollutants in Soil Using Comprehensive Two-dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1367798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhan
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Guo
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tian
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Peng Yang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Rao
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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MacDonald L, Rausch B, Symes MD, Cronin L. Selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes using an electrogenerated polyoxometalate redox mediator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1093-1096. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09036f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 2-electron reduced form of the polyoxometalate silicotungstic acid (H4[SiW12O4]) is shown to be an effective and selective hydrogenation agent for a range of nitroarenes without the need for any co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
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13
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Song B, Zeng G, Gong J, Liang J, Xu P, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Cheng M, Liu Y, Ye S, Yi H, Ren X. Evaluation methods for assessing effectiveness of in situ remediation of soil and sediment contaminated with organic pollutants and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:43-55. [PMID: 28500873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil and sediment contamination has become a critical issue worldwide due to its great harm to the ecological environment and public health. In recent years, many remediation technologies including physical, chemical, biological, and combined methods have been proposed and adopted for the purpose of solving the problems of soil and sediment contamination. However, current research on evaluation methods for assessing these remediation technologies is scattered and lacks valid and integrated evaluation methods for assessing the remediation effectiveness. This paper provides a comprehensive review with an environmental perspective on the evaluation methods for assessing the effectiveness of in situ remediation of soil and sediment contaminated with organic pollutants and heavy metals. The review systematically summarizes recent exploration and attempts of the remediation effectiveness assessment based on the content of pollutants, soil and sediment characteristics, and ecological risks. Moreover, limitations and future research needs of the practical assessment are discussed. These limitations are not conducive to the implementation of the abatement and control programs for soil and sediment contamination. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the evaluation methods for assessing the remediation effectiveness while developing new in situ remediation technologies in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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14
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Hong Y, Kim KH, Sang BI, Kim H. Simple quantification method for N-nitrosamines in atmospheric particulates based on facile pretreatment and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:324-334. [PMID: 28412030 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine N-nitrosamines (i.e., N-nitrosomethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMor), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPyr), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPip), N-nitorosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA), and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) in atmospheric PM2.5 collected in the fall season from an roadside site and a residential in Seoul, Korea have been analyzed using a newly developed method consisting of simple direct liquid extraction assisted by ultrasonication and subsequent quantification using a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-TQMS). Excellent recovery values (92-100%) and method detection limits for the target compounds atmospheric PM samples could be achieved even without an evaporation step for sample concentration. The concentration of total N-nitrosamines in PM2.5 was ranged from 0.3 to 9.4 ng m-3 in this study; NDMA, NDEA, NDBA, NPyr, and NMor in PM2.5 were found to be the most frequently encountered compounds at the sampling sites. Since no industrial plant is located in Seoul, vehicle exhausts were considered major cause of the formation of nitrosamines in this study. The mechanisms how these compounds are formed and detected in the atmosphere are explained from the viewpoint of secondary organic aerosol. Considering the concentrations of N-nitrosamines and their associated potential health risks, a systematic monitoring of nitrosamines present in both ambient air and PM2.5 including seasonal and diurnal variations of selected sites (including potential precursor sources) should be carried out in the future. The proposed sample pretreatment method along with the analytical method will definitely help us perform the monitoring study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Hong
- Technical Research Center, Dong-il Shimadzu Co., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Technical Research Center, Dong-il Shimadzu Co., Seoul 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-In Sang
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Dept. of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Jalilian N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Asgharinezhad AA. Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction of aromatic amines based on an efficient sorbent made from poly(1,8-diaminonaphtalen) and magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1499:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Gushgari AJ, Halden RU, Venkatesan AK. Occurrence of N-nitrosamines in U.S. freshwater sediments near wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:109-115. [PMID: 27067539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 40 freshwater sediments collected near 14 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across the United States were analyzed for eight N-nitrosamines by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three N-nitrosamines were detected for the first time in freshwater sediments in units of ng/g dry weight at the specified detection frequency: N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA; 0.2-3.3; 58%), N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA; 0.2-4.7; 50%), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR; 3.4-19.6; 18%). At least one N-nitrosamine was detected in 70% (28/40) of sediments analyzed. Non-detect values in units of ng/g dw were obtained for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA; <10.2), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA; <1.7), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA; <3.9), N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA; <1.7), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP; <3.6). Principal component analysis specifically points to two of multiple potential pathways explaining N-nitrosamine occurrences in sediment: NDBA and NDPhA were positively correlated with bulk water ammonia and pH levels, and NPYR with sediment content of organic carbon and iron. Interestingly, N-nitrosamine occurrences up- and downstream of WWTPs were statistically indistinguishable (p>0.05). This is the first report on the occurrence of the carcinogenic N-nitrosamines NDBA, NDPhA, and NPYR in U.S. freshwater sediments. Discovery of this phenomenon warrants further research on the compounds' origin, environmental persistence, aquatic toxicity, and risks posed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Gushgari
- Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
| | - Arjun K Venkatesan
- Center for Environmental Security, The Biodesign Institute, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, 781 E. Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
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Fernandez-Pastor I, Fernandez-Hernandez A, Perez-Criado S, Rivas F, Martinez A, Garcia-Granados A, Parra A. Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction to determine triterpene acids in olive skins. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Fernandez-Hernandez
- Centro “Venta del Llano” del Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria; Pesquera; Agroalimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA); Mengíbar Jaén Spain
| | - Sergio Perez-Criado
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Andres Garcia-Granados
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Andres Parra
- Departamento de Quimica Organica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
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Ning XA, Liang JY, Li RJ, Hong Z, Wang YJ, Chang KL, Zhang YP, Yang ZY. Aromatic amine contents, component distributions and risk assessment in sludge from 10 textile-dyeing plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 134:367-373. [PMID: 25973862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines (AAs), which are components of synthetic dyes, are recalcitrant to the wastewater treatment process and can accumulate in sludge produced by textile-dyeing, which may pose a threat to the environment. A comprehensive investigation of 10 textile-dyeing plants was undertaken in Guangdong Province in China. The contents and component distributions of AAs were evaluated in this study, and a risk assessment was performed. The total concentrations of 14 AAs (Σ14 AAs) varied from 11 μg g(-1)dw to 82.5 μg g(-1)dw, with a mean value of 25 μg g(-1)dw. The component distributions of AAs were characterized by monocyclic anilines, of which 2-methoxy-5-methylaniline and 5-nitro-o-toluidine were the most dominant components. The risk quotient (RQ) value was used to numerically evaluate the ecological risk of 14 AAs in the environment. The result showed that the 14 AAs contents in textile-dyeing sludge may pose a high risk to the soil ecosystem after being discarded on soil or in a landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-An Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jie-Ying Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui-Jing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ken-Lin Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Evaluation of different QuEChERS procedures for the recovery of selected drugs and herbicides from soil using LC coupled with UV and pulsed amperometry for their detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1217-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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