1
|
Chen T, Liang W, Zhang X, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, You L, Liu X, Zhao C, Xu G. Screening and identification of unknown chemical contaminants in food based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and machine learning. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342116. [PMID: 38182389 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Unknown or unexpected chemical contaminants and/or their transformation products in food that may be harmful to humans need to be discovered for comprehensive safety evaluation. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is a powerful tool for detecting chemical contaminants in food samples. However, identifying all of peaks in LC-HRMS is not possible, but if class information is known in advance, further identification will become easier. In this work, a novel MS2 spectra classification-driven screening strategy was constructed based on LC-HRMS and machine learning. First, the classification model was developed based on machine learning algorithm using class information and experimental MS2 data of chemical contaminants and other non-contaminants. By using the developed artificial neural network classification model, in total 32 classes of pesticides, veterinary drugs and mycotoxins were classified with good prediction accuracy and low false-positive rate. Based on the classification model, a screening procedure was developed in which the classes of unknown features in LC-HRMS were first predicted through the classification model, and then their structures were identified under the guidance of class information. Finally, the developed strategy was tentatively applied to the analysis of pork and aquatic products, and 8 chemical contaminants and 11 transformation products belonging to 8 classes were found. This strategy enables screening of unknown chemical contaminants and transformation products in complex food matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wenying Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiuqiong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Lei You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Santacruz W, Fiori I, de Mello R, Motheo AJ. Detection of radicals produced during electro-oxidation of atrazine using commercial DSA®-Cl 2 in methanol media: Keys to understand the process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136157. [PMID: 36029853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the radicals detected and identified during the degradation of atrazine in methanol medium in the presence and absence of different proportions of water (0%, 5%, and 10%). The determination of these radicals is an important step to understand the electrolysis processes in methanol medium and contribute to clarify the degradation mechanism. Furthermore, the parameters for the successful removal of the contaminant were optimized and the results showed that the application of the technique led to the removal of nearly 99.8% of atrazine after 1 h of electrolysis. The oxidation kinetics was found to be very fast and most of the atrazine molecule in the medium was degraded in the first hour of electrolysis. The results obtained from a thorough analysis conducted with a view to evaluating the effects of different current densities and initial pH values on atrazine degradation showed that the application of higher current densities resulted in lower energy consumption, as this led to faster removal of atrazine. Additionally, the initial pH of the solution was found to favor the formation of different species of active chlorine. The radicals formed during the electro-oxidation process were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and include hydroxyl, methoxy and hydroxymethyl. The use of methanol for the degradation of pollutants is a highly promising technique and this work shows that the identification of the different radicals formed in the process can be the key to understanding the degradation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Santacruz
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13560-970. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Fiori
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13560-970. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Mello
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13560-970. São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur J Motheo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13560-970. São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qin W, Yuan X, Sun L, Qiang Z, Xia D. Insights into the activation of ozonation by hydroxylamine: Influential factors, degradation mechanism and reaction kinetics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:600-607. [PMID: 30953977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The decontamination of prometon (PMT) by ozone/hydroxylamine hydrochloride (O3/HAC) was systematically investigated in this study with focus on the degradation mechanism and kinetics. Experimental results revealed that there was an enhancement of PMT degradation efficiency by 42.1% and the pseudo-first-order rate constant by more than 5.7 times in O3/HAC process under low HAC dosage (5 mg L-1) after 3 min in comparison with O3 alone. The second-order rate constant of PMT with hydroxyl radical (•OH) was determined to be (1.84 ± 0.1) × 109 M-1 s-1 and 7.80 × 109 M-1 s-1 via competition kinetics and •OH steady-state hypothesis, respectively. The PMT removal in O3/HAC process was highly pH-dependent and the optimum degradation performance was achieved under pH 5.0. In addition, •OH and singlet oxygen were identified as the primary reactive oxygen radicals in O3/HAC process. Meanwhile, eleven transformation products of PMT were identified and possible degradation mechanisms were proposed. Moreover, a kinetic model based on chemical kinetics and steady-state hypothesis was developed and modified to predict the PMT abatement in O3/HAC process. The results demonstrated that the O3/HAC process provided a promising alternative for refractory organic pollutants decontamination in water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Qin
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Xiangjuan Yuan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China; Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China; Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, No.1 Sunshine Avenue, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang Y, Peng Y, Chang Q, Dan C, Guo W, Wang Y. Selective Identification of Organic Iodine Compounds Using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1275-80. [PMID: 26653564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A method to selectively and sensitively detect organic iodine compounds and identify their structures has been developed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Using extracted ion chromatograms of product ions (iodine ion) collected on a rapid scanning quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer, the retention times of the unknown organic iodine compounds were determined, and the structural information were acquired according to the MS/MS experiments and the matching with reference standards. We have demonstrated the application of this method by identifying unknown organic iodine compounds in seaweed. A total of 28 possible organic iodine peaks were discovered, among them, the accurate mass and element composition of the corresponding precursor ions were identified for 12 peaks, and molecular structures were confirmed for 4 peaks, which were 3-iodo-L-tyrosine, 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine, 4-iodophenol, and 2-iodobenzoic acid. This method is expected to lead to the future discovery of new organic iodine compounds via LC-HRMS in different environmental samples, which is crucial for understanding the iodine biogeochemical cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yue'e Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Dan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China.,School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen D, Zhang Y, Miao H, Zhao Y, Wu Y. Determination of Triazine Herbicides in Drinking Water by Dispersive Micro Solid Phase Extraction with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometric Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9855-9862. [PMID: 26487365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel dispersive micro solid phase extraction (DMSPE) method based on a polymer cation exchange material (PCX) was applied to the simultaneous determination of the 30 triazine herbicides in drinking water with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometric detection. Drinking water samples were acidified with formic acid, and then triazines were adsorbed by the PCX sorbent. Subsequently, the analytes were eluted with ammonium hydroxide/acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was performed on an HSS T3 column using water (4 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile (0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. The method achieved LODs of 0.2-30.0 ng/L for the 30 triazines, with recoveries in the range of 70.5-112.1%, and the precision of the method was better than 12.7%. These results indicated that the proposed method had the advantages of convenience and high efficiency when applied to the analysis of the 30 triazines in drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration , Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|