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Ruan W, Wu H, Qi Y, Yang H. Removal of Hg 2+ in wastewater by grafting nitrogen/sulfur-containing molecule onto Uio-66-NH 2: from synthesis to adsorption studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15464-15479. [PMID: 36169833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of heavy metal deserves to be on the agenda, with the adsorbent design bearing the brunt of it. In this study, the molecule (4, 6-diamino-2-mercaptopyrimidine, DMP) containing thiol (-SH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups was grafted onto Uio-66-NH2, and a composite metal-organic framework nanomaterial (Zr(NH2)-DMP) was synthesized via a facile post-modification scheme. The morphological characteristics and structural features of the modified adsorbent were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, BET, and XPS. The characterization results verified that the post-modification scheme was successfully achieved. The adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the removal performance of the Zr(NH2)-DMP towards Hg2+ under different influencing parameters. The maximum adsorption capacity of 389.4 mg/g was obtained, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 30 min at pH 6 at room temperature. Adsorption thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The Zr(NH2)-DMP exhibited excellent selectivity for Hg2+, and also has the potential to remove Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ ions. The introduction of Cl- inhibited the removal of Hg2+ due to the formation of mercuric chlorides (removal efficiency reduced from 97.8 to 95.6%). The removal efficiency of up to 86.7% was obtained after four cycles. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second kinetic were more suitable for fitting the adsorption process of Hg2+ by Zr(NH2)-DMP. The main removal mechanism could be attributed to the chelation between Hg2+ (soft acid) and nitrogen/sulfur (soft base) elements. These findings convinced that the successful synthesis of Zr(NH2)-DMP provides an option for Hg2+ removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Qi
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
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Thiol-Functionalization Carbonaceous Adsorbents for the Removal of Methyl-Mercury from Water in the ppb Levels. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic pollutant of major public health concern, and human exposure is mainly related to the aqueous phase, where its dominant form is methyl-mercury (MeHg). In the current work, two carbon-based adsorbents, i.e., a commercial activated carbon and a sunflower seeds’ biochar, were modified by the introduction of thiol-active groups onto their surfaces for the MeHg removal from natural-like water in ppb concentration levels. The examined thiol-functionalization was a two-step process, since the raw materials were initially treated with nitric acid (6 N), which is a reagent that favors the formation of surface carboxyl groups, and subsequently by the thiol surface bonding groups through an esterification reaction in methanol matrix. The adsorbents’ capacity was evaluated toward the Hgtotal legislative regulation limit (1 μg/L) in drinking water (denoted as Q1). The respective isothermal adsorption results revealed an increased affinity between MeHg and thiol-functionalized materials, where the commercial carbon showed slightly higher capacity (0.116 μg Hg/mg) compared with the biochar (0.108 μg Hg/mg). This variation can be attributed to the respective higher surface area, resulting, also, to higher thiol groups loading. Regarding the proposed mechanism, it was proved that the S-Hg bond was formed, based on the characterization of the best performed saturated adsorbent.
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Islam M, Vogler RJ, Abdullah Al Hasnine SM, Hernández S, Malekzadeh N, Hoelen TP, Hatakeyama ES, Bhattacharyya D. Mercury Removal from Wastewater Using Cysteamine Functionalized Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:22255-22267. [PMID: 32923783 PMCID: PMC7482228 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a three-step process consisting of primary pre-filtration followed by ultrafiltration (UF) and adsorption with thiol-functionalized microfiltration membranes (thiol membranes) to effectively remove mercury sulfide nanoparticles (HgS NPs) and dissolved mercury (Hg2+) from wastewater. Thiol membranes were synthesized by incorporating either cysteine (Cys) or cysteamine (CysM) precursors onto polyacrylic acid (PAA)-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. Carbodiimide chemistry was used to cross-link thiol (-SH) groups on membranes for metal adsorption. The thiol membranes and intermediates of the synthesis were tested for permeability and long-term mercury removal using synthetic waters and industrial wastewater spiked with HgS NPs and a Hg2+ salt. Results show that treatment of the spiked wastewater with a UF membrane removed HgS NPs to below the method detection level (<2 ppb) for up to 12.5 h of operation. Flux reductions that occurred during the experiment were reversible by washing with water, suggesting negligible permanent fouling. Dissolved Hg2+ species were removed to non-detection levels by passing the UF-treated wastewater through a CysM thiol membrane. The adsorption efficiency in this long-term study (>20 h) was approximately 97%. Addition of Ca2+ cations reduced the adsorption efficiencies to 82% for the CysM membrane and to 40% for the Cys membrane. The inferior performance of Cys membranes may be explained by the presence of a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group in Cys, which may interfere in the adsorption process in the presence of multiple cations because of multication absorption. CysM membranes may therefore be more effective for treatment of wastewater than Cys membranes. Focused ion beam characterization of a CysM membrane cross section demonstrates that the adsorption of heavy metals is not limited to the membrane surface but takes place across the entire pore length. Experimental results for adsorptions of selected heavy metals on thiol membranes over a wide range of operating conditions could be predicted with modeling. These results show promising potential industrial applications of thiol-functionalized membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Saiful Islam
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Ronald J. Vogler
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky 40506, United States
| | | | - Sebastián Hernández
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Nga Malekzadeh
- Chevron
Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - Thomas P. Hoelen
- Chevron
Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - Evan S. Hatakeyama
- Chevron
Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - Dibakar Bhattacharyya
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky 40506, United States
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Du H, Xie Y, Zhang H, Chima A, Tao M, Zhang W. Oxadiazole-Functionalized Fibers for Selective Adsorption of Hg 2+. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Du
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Xie
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Anyaegbu Chima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minli Tao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Kokkinos E, Chousein C, Simeonidis K, Coles S, Zouboulis A, Mitrakas M. Improvement of Manganese Feroxyhyte's Surface Charge with Exchangeable Ca Ions to Maximize Cd and Pb Uptake from Water. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071762. [PMID: 32283807 PMCID: PMC7178661 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The surface configuration of tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte (TMFx) was appropriately modified to achieve higher negative surface charge density and, hence, to improve its efficiency for the removal of dissolved Cd and Pb mostly cationic species from water at pH values commonly found in surface or ground waters. This was succeeded by the favorable engagement of Ca2+ cations onto the surface of a mixed Mn-Fe oxy-hydroxide adsorbent during the preparation step, imitating an ion-exchange mechanism between H+ and Ca2+; therefore, the number of available negatively-charged adsorption sites was increased. Particularly, the calcium coverage can increase the deprotonated surface oxygen atoms, which can act as adsorption centers, as well as maintain them during the subsequent drying procedure. The developed Ca-modified adsorbent (denoted as TMFx-Ca) showed around 10% increase of negative surface charge density, reaching 2.0 mmol [H+]/g and enabling higher adsorption capacities for both Cd and Pb aquatic species, as was proved also by carrying out specific rapid small-scale column tests, and it complied with the corresponding strict drinking water regulation limits. The adsorption capacity values were found 6.8 μg·Cd/mg and 35.0 μg·Pb/mg, when the restructured TMFx-Ca adsorbent was used, i.e., higher than those recorded for the unmodified material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Kokkinos
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Chasan Chousein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Sandra Coles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Anastasios Zouboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Manassis Mitrakas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.C.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of p-Chlorobenzoic Acid in Aqueous Solution by FeMnOOH and PET. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of p-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA), used as a typical-model refractory organic compound, in aqueous solutions during the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation treatment process by applying the hydrophilic tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte (TMFx), as well as modified hydrophobic TMFx and the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as solid (powdered) catalysts was examined in this study. TMFx was hydrophobically modified by using trichloromethylsilane (TriClMS) solutions in toluene at the concentration range 10–1000 mg/L. TMFx catalysts were characterized by the application of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and surface charge density determinations. TMFx catalyst, which was modified by 50 mg/L trichloromethylsilane (TriClMS) solution (TMFx-50), was found to present the higher adsorption capacity of studied organic compound (250 μg p-CBA/g) when compared with all the other investigated catalysts, which in turn resulted in the higher removal of p-CBA (>99%) by the subsequent application of ozonation, as compared to hydrophilic TMFx (96.5%) and to single ozonation (96%) applications. PET-catalyst concentration in the range 0.5–10 g/L led to almost total removal of p-CBA within 15 min of reaction/oxidation time at pH 7. Conclusively, the experimental results for both catalysts indicated that hydrophobicity and adsorption capacity are crucial steps for the process of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of refractory organic compounds.
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Yao T, Duan Y, Zhu C, Zhou Q, Xu J, Liu M, Wei H. Investigation of mercury adsorption and cyclic mercury retention over MnO x/γ-Al 2O 3 sorbent. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:358-365. [PMID: 29574389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study mercury sorbent based on manganese oxides impregnated γ-alumina was synthesized. Mercury retention characteristics were investigated by mercury speciation and thermal desorption experiments. No gaseous mercuric oxide was observed in mercury speciation experiments with a mercury mass balance ratio of 89.11%. Maximum mercury desorption peak at 480 °C indicated that mercury was adsorbed in the form of mercuric oxide. Three cycles of mercury retention were tested with different thermal treatment in-between to evaluate the cyclic performance. Changes in surface phase and manganese chemistry before and after thermal treatment were characterized by XRD and XPS. Deterioration in mercury retention capacity was observed after thermal desorption at 500 °C, which was interpreted with reduced initial adsorption rate calculated by Pseudo-second order kinetic model. XPS studies suggested that atomic ratios of Mn4+/(Mn4++Mn3+) decreased from 73.2% to 32.3% and 33.9% after thermal desorption in N2 and air, respectively. The reduction of MnO2 to Mn2O3 was irreversible thus the mercury retention capacity could not be restored by thermal desorption at high temperatures. Spent sorbents that were reactivated at 200 °C in air without thermal desorption at 500 °C possessed considerable cycling performance for mercury retention due to the preserved Mn4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yufeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Chun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hongqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Kokkinos E, Soukakos K, Kostoglou M, Mitrakas M. Cadmium, mercury, and nickel adsorption by tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte: selectivity, kinetic modeling, and thermodynamic study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12263-12273. [PMID: 28755144 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is aiming to investigate tetravalent manganese feroxyhyte (TMFx) adsorption efficiency in removing heavy metals. The motivation of this study was the fact that TMFx is a highly negatively charged nanostructure material and that the metals Cd, Hg, and Ni were characterized as priority pollutants for drinking water. TMFx was evaluated through batch and continuous flow experiments in National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water matrix which simulated the physicochemical characteristics of natural water. Water's pH significantly influences Cd and Ni adsorption efficiency which gradually increases when pH value rises from 5 to 9, while the corresponding one for Hg remains almost constant. Thermodynamic data showed a spontaneous and an exothermic nature weak-chemisorption (ΔΗ° = -17.5 ± 2 kJ/mol) of Cd, Ni, and Hg by TMFx. The determined ranking of adsorption affinity and selectivity (Cd > Ni > Hg) seems to be governed by the metals' speciation, as well as by hydration free energy, which is influenced, however, by their atomic radius. The lower adsorption capacity and selectivity of TMFx for Hg should be attributed both to uncharged species and to higher atomic radius. The similar Cd and Ni speciation in the NSF water matrix leads to the conclusion that the better affinity, selectivity, and adsorption kinetic of Cd versus Ni should be attributed to the lower hydration free energy of Cd which is in turn related to its higher atomic radius. The faster adsorption kinetic (Hg > Cd > Ni) of Hg may be attributed to the lower radius of its anhydrate species. Furthermore, TMFx showed high removal efficiency under continuous flow application in an adsorption bed setup. The determined uptake capacity (q RL) at equilibrium-breakthrough concentration equal to the drinking water regulation limit (RL) of each metal were q 1 = 2.5 μg Hg/mg TMFx, q 5 = 5.2 μg Cd/mg TMFx, and q 20 = 7.1 μg Ni/mg TMFx. Leaching tests of spent TMFx samples from the rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) could be treated either as inert wastes after Cd and Ni adsorption or as non-hazardous waste after Hg adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Kokkinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Soukakos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manassis Mitrakas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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The pH dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. VII. Update. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 251:115-138. [PMID: 29153243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pristine points of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric points (IEP) of metal oxides and IEP of other materials from the recent literature, and a few older results (overlooked in previous searches) are summarized. This study is an update of the previous compilations by the same author [Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge, CRC, Boca Raton, 2009; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 337 (2009) 439; 353 (2011) 1; 426 (2014) 209]. The field has been very active, but most PZC and IEP are reported for materials, which are very well-documented already (silica, alumina, titania, iron oxides). IEP of (nominally) Gd2O3, NaTaO3, and SrTiO3 have been reported in the recent literature. Their IEP were not reported in older studies.
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Hua J, Yang J, Zhu Y, Zhao C, Yang Y. Highly fluorescent carbon quantum dots as nanoprobes for sensitive and selective determination of mercury (II) in surface waters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:149-155. [PMID: 28683370 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was successfully prepared through one-step green hydrothermal method using polyacrylamide as carbon source. The prepared CQDs were characterized using TEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The CQDs was demonstrated as nanoprobes for mercury ion detection, moreover, it demonstrated excitation-dependent and superior stability in acidic and alkaline media. Besides, the probe exhibited a good linearity range (0.25-50μM) and a low detection limit (13.48nM). These attractive properties indicated that this novel CQDs can adapt to a variety of complex pH environment, which had extensive prospect and promising application for detection of mercury ions in complex water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Hua
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Central Monitoring Center of Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650228, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Central Monitoring Center of Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650228, China
| | - Chunxi Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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