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Zhu S, Wang X, Liu G. The Protective Effects of Ganoderma lucidum Active Peptide GLP4 on Lung Injury Induced by Cadmium Poisoning in Mice. TOXICS 2024; 12:378. [PMID: 38922058 PMCID: PMC11209525 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ganoderma triterpenes and spore powder have shown promising results in mitigating cadmium-induced renal and hepatic injuries. Ganoderma lucidum active peptide GLP4 is a natural protein with dual antioxidant activities derived from the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. However, its efficacy in alleviating cadmium-induced lung injury remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of GLP4 against cadmium-induced lung injury in mice. Mice were exposed to cadmium chloride via nebulization to induce lung injury. The protective effect of GLP4 was assessed by measuring the total cell count in BALF, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of NLRP3 in lung tissues a through histopathological examination of lung tissue changes. The results showed that GLP4 significantly mitigated histopathological damage in lung tissues, decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced the expression of NLRP3, which was elevated in cadmium-exposed mice. In vitro studies further revealed that GLP4 inhibited the cadmium-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Notably, acute cadmium exposure by the respiratory tract did not affect the liver and kidneys of the mice. The findings suggest that GLP4 reduces cadmium-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which provides a theoretical foundation for using Ganoderma lucidum as a preventive and therapeutic agent against cadmium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Gaoqiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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Wang Y, Weng Y, Lv L, Wang D, Yang G, Jin Y, Wang Q. Transgenerational effects of co-exposure to cadmium and carbofuran on zebrafish based on biochemical and transcriptomic analyses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129644. [PMID: 35882171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The combined toxicity of heavy metals and pesticides to aquatic organisms is still largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the combined impacts of cadmium (Cd) and carbofuran (CAR) on female zebrafish (F0 generation) and their following F1 generation. Results showed that mixtures of Cd and CAR induced acute synergistic effects on both zebrafish adults of the F0 generation and embryos of the F1 generation. Combined exposure to Cd and CAR could obviously alter the hepatic VTG level of females, and the individual exposures increased the relative mRNA levels of vtg1 and vtg2. Through maternal transmission, co-exposure of Cd and CAR caused toxicity to 4-day-old larvae of the F1 generation, evidenced by the significant changes in T4 and VTG levels, CYP450 activity, and the relative transcriptional levels of genes related to the hormone, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. These effects were also reflected by the global gene expression pattern to 7-day-old larvae of F1 generation using the transcriptomic analysis, and they could also affect energy metabolism. Our results provided a more comprehensive insight into the transgenerational toxic impacts of heavy metal and pesticide mixtures. These findings highlighted that it was highly necessary to consider transgenerational exposures in the ecological risk assessment of chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - You Weng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Mu N, Wang H, Chen D, Wang F, Ji L, Zhang C, Li M, Lu P. A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:39. [PMID: 35089331 PMCID: PMC8802024 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel dry eye rat model induced by aerosol exposure of particulate matter (PM). Methods A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats divided into 3 groups: the control group, the low-level exposed group, and the high-level exposed group. The rats in the experience groups were directly exposed to PM samples in the exposure chamber over 14 days. The clinical observation, including tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining, breakup time (BUT), inflammation index, corneal irregularity score, and corneal confocal microscopy. Eyeballs were collected on day 14 for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and PAS staining. TUNEL assay, CD45, and Ki67 immunostaining was performed and corneal ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy. IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NF-κB Western blot analysis were used to observe the possible pathogenesis. Results In the PM-treated groups, the number of layers in the corneal epithelium and corneal nerve fiber length were significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The number of corneal epithelial microvilli and chondriosome/desmosomes were drastically reduced in PM-treated groups. Confocal microscopy and CD45 immunohistochemistry showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the PM-treated groups. PM caused apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells while leading to abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, meanwhile, conjunctival goblet cells in the PM-treated group were also significantly reduced. PM significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and p-NF-κB-p65 in the cornea. Conclusions Aerosol exposure of PM can reduce the stability of tear film and cause the change of ocular surface, which is similar to the performance of human dry eye, suggesting a novel animal model of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, , Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, , Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Respiratory exposure to carbon black nanoparticles may induce testicular structure damage and lead to decreased sperm quality in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 106:32-41. [PMID: 34624488 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) can enter into various organs including testes through the respiratory tract. However, there are few studies describing reproductive toxicity of CBNPs after respiratory exposure. In this study, male KM mice were exposed to CBNPs in their natural breathing state. Four-, 8-, and 12-week-old mice were exposed to 0, 9, 18 and 27 mg/m3 of CBNPs for 4 weeks in order to examine the relationship between CBNP exposure and age. Eight-week-old mice were exposed to CBNPs at the same four concentrations for 1-4 weeks in order to examine the effects of CBNP exposure time. After CBNP exposure, testicular oxidative stress and inflammation increased significantly, and these effects varied with exposure time. Seminiferous tubule diameter (STD), seminiferous epithelium height (SEH), the number of spermatogenic and Leydig cells, sperm motility, and sperm speed decreased significantly, and these effects varied with exposure dose. Data analyses suggested that increased oxidative stress and inflammation in testes damaged testicular morphology, spermatogenesis, and testosterone secretion, and decreased sperm quality. Morphological damage to the testes was also closely related to decreased the sperm quantity. These findings are of significance for evaluating the reproductive toxicity of CBNPs.
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Mani R, Rose S, Suresh A, Sambantham S, Anandan B, Ibrahim M, Meena B. Cellular alterations and damage to the renal tissue of marine catfish Arius arius following Cd exposure and the possible sequestrant role of Metallothionein. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111930. [PMID: 33373888 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a non-degradable heavy metal pollutant with no known biological role. When taken up by living organisms from the environment, it causes extensive tissue damage. Here, we studied the effects of exposure to 20 mg/L-1CdCl2for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h on the renal tissue of marine catfish Arius arius. Cd uptake, metallothionein (MT) induction, microarchitectural alterations, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activity were studied. Cd and MT levels were time-dependent and positively correlated. The diameter of the Bowman's capsule and tubules was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the density, diameter, and volume of the glomerulus as well as the density and volume of tubules decreased. Cd induced apoptosis though elevatedcaspase-3 activity. These results support the notion that exposure to sublethal Cd levels induces oxidative stress, leading to structural and functional impairment of the kidneys. Cd uptake and MT induction can serve as useful environmental biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's University, Chennai 600 054, India; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Sumit Rose
- Department of Zoology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India
| | - Ayothi Suresh
- Department of Zoology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India
| | | | | | - Muhammed Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALMPG IBMS, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boominathan Meena
- Department of Zoology, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 005, India.
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Tian J, Hu J, He W, Zhou L, Huang Y. Parental exposure to cadmium chloride causes developmental toxicity and thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish offspring. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 234:108782. [PMID: 32339758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a common heavy metal pollutant. Previous studies have found that long-term cadmium exposure can cause damage to multiple organs/systems in humans and experimental animals; however, there are few studies that elucidate its effects on offspring development, discuss whether it can be transmitted to offspring from the parent, and debate whether it affects the functional development of the thyroid hormone system in offsprings. In this study, sexually mature zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0.01 μmol/L, 0.1 μmol/L, and 1 μmol/L) to study reproductive toxicity. It was found that parental zebrafish exposed to 1 μmol/L of cadmium chloride produced offsprings with different degrees of malformation. At 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), the levels of 3,5,3'-triiododenosine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the zebrafish were decreased. At 10 dpf, the T4 and T3 levels in the zebrafish of the offspring were significantly reduced. At the same time, the expression of thyroid receptor (trα and trβ) genes in five dpf larvae was significantly up-regulated in the 1 μmol/L treatment group relative to the control group. The mRNAs of thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism-related genes (tshβ, dio1, dio2, ugt1ab, and ttr) were significantly up-regulated in the 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L treatment groups. This study demonstrates that parental cadmium chloride exposure produces reproductive toxicity in zebrafish and that the effects can be transferred from the parent to the offspring, resulting in developmental toxicity in the thyroid endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tian
- Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China
| | - Jia Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, PR China.
| | - Yinong Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China.
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Cen J, Jia ZL, Zhu CY, Wang XF, Zhang F, Chen WY, Liu KC, Li SY, Zhang Y. Particulate matter (PM10) induces cardiovascular developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae via the ERS, Nrf2 and Wnt pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126288. [PMID: 32114347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM10) is one of the most important indicators of the pollution that characterizes air quality. Epidemiological studies have shown that PM10 can cause cardiovascular-related diseases in the population. And, we studied the developmental toxicity of PM10 and the underlying mechanism of its effects on the cardiovascular system of zebrafish embryo/larva. Changes in cardiac morphology, sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance, heart rate, vascular subintestinalis, blood flow, returned blood volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were measured, and changes in the expression levels of certain genes were assessed via RT-PCR. The results showed that PM10 caused a significant increase in pericardial sac area and SV-BA distance, a decrease in heart rate, inhibition of vascular subintestinalis growth, blood flow obstruction, reduced venous return, and other cardiovascular toxicities. PM10 induced an increase in the ROS level and significant increases in the expression levels of ERS signalling pathway factors and Nrf2 signalling pathway factors. The expression levels of the Wnt pathway-related genes also showed significant changes. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could ameliorate the cardiovascular toxicity of PM10 in zebrafish larvae. It is speculated that PM10 may result in cardiovascular toxicity by inducing higher ROS levels in the body, which could then induce ERS and lead to defects in the expression of genes related to the Wnt signalling pathway. The Nrf2 signalling pathway was activated as a stress compensatory mechanism during the early stage of PM10-induced cardiovascular injury. However, it was insufficient to counteract the PM10-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Jia
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China; Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yue Zhu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | | | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Yun Chen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Chun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Sai-Yu Li
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Tao C, Pei Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Microbial communities respond to microenvironments in lungs of mice under simulated exposure to cadmium aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136300. [PMID: 31923672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable pollutants are inducing factors of lung diseases and have been widely studied. Previous studies described imbalances in pulmonary microbial communities and representatively predominant microorganisms in clinical specimens of individuals with lung diseases. However, the direct effect of inhalable pollutants on pulmonary microorganisms has not been determined to date. Cadmium is a common inhalable pollutant from manufacturing activities, and its effect on pulmonary microorganisms was investigated in this study. Such techniques as optical respiratory plethysmography, high-throughput pulmonary histological assessment and differential centrifugation were used to characterize pulmonary microenvironments, and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze pulmonary microbial diversity. We found variations in pulmonary microenvironmental factors, such as air supply level, nutrition and inflammatory stress. Under inhalable cadmium exposure at different doses, pulmonary microorganisms were differentially subjected and sensitive to various microenvironmental stresses (e.g., inflammation, pH, ventilation, nutrition and related changes of lung tissue structure) and might participate in microenvironmental remodeling, such as pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammatory stress and Lactobacillus were the main microenvironmental factor and susceptible microorganism, respectively. The various pulmonary microenvironments influenced the metabolisms of pulmonary microbial communities, presenting differences in microbial collinearities, gene function levels and metabolic pathway levels among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaxin Pei
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Tao C, Zhao X, Gao K, Ji W, Zhang Y. Thoracoabdominal respiratory disorder induced by cadmium aerosol and analyzed with a new machine vision model in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:668-680. [PMID: 31150887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable environmental pollutants induce pulmonary malfunction, which alters thoracoabdominal respiratory conditions. Traditional methods of recording pressure differences or existing machine vision analyses for detecting respiratory abnormalities are not suitable for synchronous thoracic and abdominal respiratory detections. The present study provides a new method that combines a model of thoracoabdominal localization and distribution based on respiratory physiological characteristics and a machine vision analysis on respiratory conditions in mice exposed to aqueous aerosol containing cadmium with classical symptoms. Thoracoabdominal respirations of mice were similar to male humans based on thoracic and abdominal composite respiration and the primarily presented abdominal respiration. Under environmental inhalable cadmium doses (1, 3, 5 mM CdCl2 in solution respectively atomized to be 112.41, 337.23, 562.05 μg/g Cd/Aerosol), the pathological thoracoabdominal respirations of mice showed that abdominal respiration contributed more to respiratory compensation and presented greater adaptive adjustments and more obvious fluctuations during lung injury than thoracic respiration, which suggests that toxic aerosol from a high-risk work environment quickly induces discernible respiratory clinical manifestations in occupational groups, as a warning for health, and abdominal obesity is unfavorable for male respiratory compensation. The respiratory abnormality shown in machine vision analysis was verified in pulmonary structural changes and hypoxia stress. Conclusively, the present method may be used to test the effects of aerosols on respiratory state and provides new prospects for toxicity determinations and risk evaluations of aerosols in the respiratory system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuejing Zhao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weihong Ji
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Albany 0745, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Hu X, Fu W, Yang X, Mu Y, Gu W, Zhang M. Effects of cadmium on fecundity and defence ability of Drosophila melanogaster. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:871-877. [PMID: 30665104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (chemical symbol, Cd) is an extremely common pollutant that poses a toxicity threat to organisms. Therefore, we tested Drosophila melanogaster fecundity, Cd accumulation, and activity of two enzymes following Cd stress and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in fecundity and defence. D. melanogaster was placed in a medium containing different concentrations of Cd (13, 26, and 52 mg L-1), following which, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy showed that Cd accumulation in Drosophila increased with the increase in its dietary intake. We also observed that Cd at these concentrations significantly prolonged the mating latency in females and reduced the number of eggs laid. However, the same Cd concentrations did not affect male fecundity. Acetylcholinesterase activity was only detected at 52 mg L-1 Cd in both sexes, whereas glutathione S-transferase activity was inhibited at 26 and 52 mg L-1 Cd in females. The results of qPCR indicated that exposure to 13-52 mg L-1 Cd affected the expression of reproduction-related genes, including downregulation of enok and upregulation of dally and dpp. The same level of exposure also induced transcriptional responses from three defence-related genes (hsp70, gstd2, and gstd6). Taken together, the results revealed that Cd exposure might negatively affect the expression of genes associated with D. melanogaster reproduction and trigger the transcription of defence-related genes. We suggest that further analyses of fecundity and defence responses may help develop indicators of Cd toxicity and improve our understanding of antitoxin defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Weili Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingran Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Yun Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Tao C, Zhang Y, Gao K. Machine vision analysis on abnormal respiratory conditions of mice inhaling particles containing cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:600-610. [PMID: 30576895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable environmental toxicants can induce pulmonary malfunction resulting abnormal respiratory conditions. The traditional methods currently available to detect the respiratory condition of animals rely on differential pressure transducers and signal amplifiers. In comparison, current machine vision application requires little hardware. But it is unsuitable for respiratory condition tests of experimental animals reflecting respiratory toxicities of inhalable pollutants. In this study, we establish a new automatic method of machine vision analysis using a model that has mice inhaling aqueous aerosol with different concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 1, 3, 5 mM 2 h/day) for 7 days as simulant occupational exposure of inhalable Cd and analyze respiratory conditions such as respiratory rate, rhythm index, drive index and exchange index. Additionally, the models with different degrees of lung damage in mice are further tested and verified by the concentrations of cadmium accumulated in the lungs and the analyses on pulmonary porosity, fibrosis and inflammation. Machine vision analysis can identify the abnormal respiratory conditions of mice. Respiratory rate and rhythm index increase after exposure to cadmium. In the individuals with mild lung damage, respiratory drive index and exchange index in treatment group are higher than that in the control group, and in individuals with severe lung damage, these indices are similar to that of the control group. These abnormal respiratory conditions related to variable lung damage in mice demonstrate that the respiration is synchronously influenced by inhalable Cd and respiratory compensation according to normal physiological regulation, suggesting the present method is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ke Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Lung damage analyzed by machine vision on tissue sections of mice. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:425-439. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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