1
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Beale DJ, Nguyen TV, Bose U, Shah R, Nelis JLD, Stockwell S, Broadbent JA, Nilsson S, Rane R, Court L, Lettoof DC, Pandey G, Walsh TK, Shaw S, Llinas J, Limpus D, Limpus C, Braun C, Baddiley B, Vardy S. Metabolic disruptions and impaired reproductive fitness in wild-caught freshwater turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii) exposed to elevated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171743. [PMID: 38494020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose a threat to organisms and ecosystems due to their persistent nature. Ecotoxicology endpoints used in regulatory guidelines may not reflect multiple, low-level but persistent stressors. This study examines the biological effects of PFAS on Eastern short-necked turtles in Queensland, Australia. In this study, blood samples were collected and analysed for PFAS, hormone levels, and functional omics endpoints. High levels of PFAS were found in turtles at the impacted site, with PFOS being the dominant constituent. The PFAS profiles of males and females differed, with males having higher PFAS concentrations. Hormone concentrations differed between impacted and reference sites in male turtles, with elevated testosterone and corticosterone indicative of stress. Further, energy utilisation, nucleotide synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and amino acid synthesis were altered in both male and female turtles from PFAS-impacted sites. Both sexes show similar metabolic responses to environmental stressors from the PFAS-contaminated site, which may adversely affect their reproductive fitness. Purine metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and ferroptosis pathway changes in turtles can cause gout, cell death, and overall health problems. Further, the study showed that prolonged exposure to elevated PFAS levels in the wild could compromise turtle reproductive fitness by disrupting reproductive steroids and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Utpal Bose
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Rohan Shah
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Vic 3083, Australia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Vic 3122, Australia
| | - Joost Laurus Dinant Nelis
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Sally Stockwell
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - James A Broadbent
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
| | - Sandra Nilsson
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Rahul Rane
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Leon Court
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Damian C Lettoof
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Thomas K Walsh
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT 2602, Australia
| | - Stephanie Shaw
- Wildlife and Threatened Species Operations, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Moggill, Qld 4070, Australia
| | - Josh Llinas
- The Unusual Pet Vets Jindalee, Veterinarian, Jindalee, Qld 4074, Australia
| | - Duncan Limpus
- Aquatic Threatened Species, Wildlife and Threatened Species Operations, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Colin Limpus
- Aquatic Threatened Species, Wildlife and Threatened Species Operations, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Christoph Braun
- Water Quality and Investigations, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Brenda Baddiley
- Water Quality and Investigations, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Suzanne Vardy
- Water Quality and Investigations, Science and Technology Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
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2
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Ghorbani Gorji S, Gómez Ramos MJ, Dewapriya P, Schulze B, Mackie R, Nguyen TMH, Higgins CP, Bowles K, Mueller JF, Thomas KV, Kaserzon SL. New PFASs Identified in AFFF Impacted Groundwater by Passive Sampling and Nontarget Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1690-1699. [PMID: 38189783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring contamination from per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water systems impacted by aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) typically addresses a few known PFAS groups. Given the diversity of PFASs present in AFFFs, current analytical approaches do not comprehensively address the range of PFASs present in these systems. A suspect-screening and nontarget analysis (NTA) approach was developed and applied to identify novel PFASs in groundwater samples contaminated from historic AFFF use. A total of 88 PFASs were identified in both passive samplers and grab samples, and these were dominated by sulfonate derivatives and sulfonamide-derived precursors. Several ultrashort-chain (USC) PFASs (≤C3) were detected, 11 reported for the first time in Australian groundwater. Several transformation products were identified, including perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfinates (PFASis). Two new PFASs were reported (((perfluorohexyl)sulfonyl)sulfamic acid; m/z 477.9068 and (E)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5,6,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooct-6-ene-1-sulfonic acid; m/z 424.9482). This study highlights that several PFASs are overlooked using standard target analysis, and therefore, the potential risk from all PFASs present is likely to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ghorbani Gorji
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - María José Gómez Ramos
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Bastian Schulze
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel Mackie
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Thi Minh Hong Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher P Higgins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarit L Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba 4102, QLD, Australia
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3
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Barraza AD, Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, Limpus CJ, van de Merwe JP. Understanding contaminant exposure risks in nesting Loggerhead sea turtle populations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115605. [PMID: 37844482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Queensland loggerhead turtle nest numbers at Mon Repos (MR) indicate population recovery that doesn't occur at Wreck Island (WI). Previous research illustrated that MR and WI turtles forage in different locations, potentially indicating risks differences. Blood, scute, and egg were collected from turtles nesting at MR and WI, with known foraging sites (from concurrent studies). Trace element and organic contaminants were assessed via acid digestion and in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays, respectively. WI turtles had significantly higher scute uranium and blood molybdenum compared to MR turtles, and arsenic was higher in WI turtles foraging north and MR turtles foraging south. Egg and blood titanium, manganese, cadmium, barium, lead, and molybdenum, and scute and egg selenium and mercury significantly correlated. Blood (75 %) extracts produced significant toxicity in vitro in turtle fibroblast cells. In conclusion, reducing chemical exposure at higher risk foraging sites would likely benefit sea turtles and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Barraza
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kimberly A Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
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4
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Menger F, Celma A, Schymanski EL, Lai FY, Bijlsma L, Wiberg K, Hernández F, Sancho JV, Ahrens L. Enhancing spectral quality in complex environmental matrices: Supporting suspect and non-target screening in zebra mussels with ion mobility. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107585. [PMID: 36265356 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identification of bioaccumulating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) via suspect and non-target screening remains a challenging task. In this study, ion mobility separation with high-resolution mass spectrometry (IM-HRMS) was used to investigate the effects of drift time (DT) alignment on spectrum quality and peak annotation for screening of CECs in complex sample matrices using data independent acquisition (DIA). Data treatment approaches (Binary Sample Comparison) and prioritisation strategies (Halogen Match, co-occurrence of features in biota and the water phase) were explored in a case study on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in Lake Mälaren, Sweden's largest drinking water reservoir. DT alignment evidently improved the fragment spectrum quality by increasing the similarity score to reference spectra from on average (±standard deviation) 0.33 ± 0.31 to 0.64 ± 0.30 points, thus positively influencing structure elucidation efforts. Thirty-two features were tentatively identified at confidence level 3 or higher using MetFrag coupled with the new PubChemLite database, which included predicted collision cross-section values from CCSbase. The implementation of predicted mobility data was found to support compound annotation. This study illustrates a quantitative assessment of the benefits of IM-HRMS on spectral quality, which will enhance the performance of future screening studies of CECs in complex environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan V Sancho
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Perkins GE, Finlayson KA, van de Merwe JP. Pelagic and coastal green turtles (Chelonia mydas) experience differences in chemical exposure and effect. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114027. [PMID: 35985101 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green turtles foraging in coastal areas are exposed to land-based chemical pollutants that accumulate in the habitats to which they show high site fidelity. However, prior to coastal recruitment, they may be exposed to a different range of chemical threats. The recent development of species-specific in vitro bioassays for marine turtles allows for an effect-based assessment of toxicological endpoints. Blood was collected from green turtles of two life-stages, 'recent recruits' and 'coastal residents', in Hervey Bay and Moreton Bay. Organic contaminants were extracted from blood using the QuEChERS method, and cytotoxicity of the extracts measured in green turtle skin cells. Although not statistically significant, extracts from 'coastal residents' exhibited greater mean toxicity compared to 'recent recruits', possibly indicative of increased chemical accumulation from coastal habitat exposure. The bioassay results also indicated that turtles foraging in Hervey Bay are at greater risk of chemical exposure than those foraging in Moreton Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Perkins
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | | | - Jason P van de Merwe
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia
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6
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Jones K, Limpus CJ, Brodie J, Jones R, Read M, Shum E, Bell IP, Ariel E. Spatial distribution of fibropapillomatosis in green turtles along the Queensland coast and an investigation into the influence of water quality on prevalence. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Jones
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Colin J. Limpus
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jon Brodie
- James Cook University ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies Townsville Queensland Australia
- James Cook University, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Rhondda Jones
- James Cook University Division of Tropical Health and Medicine Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Mark Read
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Edith Shum
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Ian P. Bell
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science Townsville Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
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7
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Paszkiewicz M, Godlewska K, Lis H, Caban M, Białk-Bielińska A, Stepnowski P. Advances in suspect screening and non-target analysis of polar emerging contaminants in the environmental monitoring. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Dürig W, Alygizakis NA, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Application of a novel prioritisation strategy using non-target screening for evaluation of temporal trends (1969-2017) of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in archived lynx muscle tissue samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153035. [PMID: 35026275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most environmental monitoring studies of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) focus on aquatic species and target specific classes of CECs. Even with wide-scope target screening methods, relevant CECs may be missed. In this study, non-target screening (NTS) was used for tentative identification of potential CECs in muscle tissue of the terrestrial top predator Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Temporal trend analysis was applied as a prioritisation tool for archived samples, using univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank). Pooled lynx muscle tissue collected from 1969 to 2017 was analysed with an eight-point time series using a previously validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 12,941 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 104 and 61 features with statistically significant increasing and decreasing trends, respectively. Following probable molecular formula assignment and elucidation with MetFrag, two compounds with increasing trends, and one with a decreasing trend, were tentatively identified. These results show that, despite low expected concentration levels and high matrix effects in terrestrial species, it is possible to prioritise CECs in archived lynx samples using NTS and univariate statistical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okruzná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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9
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Finlayson KA, Limpus CJ, van de Merwe JP. Temporal changes in chemical contamination of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) foraging in a heavily industrialised seaport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152848. [PMID: 35007578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Port Curtis, a major shipping port, has undergone significant expansion in the last decade, with plans for further development into the future. These activities may result in an increase of contaminant concentrations, threatening local wildlife including sea turtles. This study used a species-specific in vitro bioassay to examine spatial and temporal differences in exposure to, and effects of, organic contaminants in green sea turtles foraging in Port Curtis. Blood was collected from 134 green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from five locations in the port over four years. Organic contaminants were extracted from blood, and the cytotoxicity of the extracts to primary green sea turtle cells was assessed. Results indicated spatially similar chemical contamination throughout Port Curtis, at levels significant to sea turtle health, and with signs that chemical contamination may be increasing over time. These results can provide valuable information on the health of green turtles as further development occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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10
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Kokoszka K, Zieliński W, Korzeniewska E, Felis E, Harnisz M, Bajkacz S. Suspect screening of antimicrobial agents transformation products in environmental samples development of LC-QTrap method running in pseudo MRM transitions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152114. [PMID: 34864028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to develop a new HPLC-MS/MS method that allows for the simultaneous detection of antimicrobials agents (targeted analysis) and their transformation products (non-targeted analysis), which enabled the elucidation of their transformation pathways in the environment. Targeted analysis was performed for 16 selected antimicrobials agents (AMs) in wastewater collected at different stages of the treatment process and river water from sections before and after wastewater discharge. The samples were collected in the Łyna sewage treatment plant (Olsztyn, Poland) in three measuring periods at different seasons. Analytes were selected from tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, β-lactams, macrolides, glycopeptides, lincosamides and synthetic antibiotics. As a part of the targeted analysis, 13 AMs were detected in wastewater samples, and 7 of them in river water samples. However, their presence and concentrations were closely related to the type of the sample and the season in which the sample was taken. The highest concentrations of AMs were detected in samples collected in September (max. 1643.7 ng L-1 TRI), while the lowest AMs concentrations were found in samples collected in June (max. 136.1 ng L-1 CLR). The total content of AMs in untreated wastewater was in the range of 1.42-1644 ng L-1, while in the river water was for upstream 1.22-48.73 ng L-1 and for downstream 2.24-149 ng L-1. In the non-target analysis, 33 degradation products of the selected AMs were identified, and the transformation pathways of their degradation were speculated. In the course of the research, it was found that as a result of the processes taking place in wastewater treatment plant, the parent substances are transformed into a number of stable transformation products. Transformation products resulted from hydroxylation, ring opening, oxidation, methylation or demethylation, carboxylation, or cleavage of the CN bond of the parent AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kokoszka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Wiktor Zieliński
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, 1 Prawocheńskiego Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, 1 Prawocheńskiego Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Centre for Biotechnology, 8 B. Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, 2 Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Harnisz
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, Department of Engineering of Water Protection and Environmental Microbiology, 1 Prawocheńskiego Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Centre for Biotechnology, 8 B. Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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11
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Dürig W, Alygizakis NA, Menger F, Golovko O, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Novel prioritisation strategies for evaluation of temporal trends in archived white-tailed sea eagle muscle tissue in non-target screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127331. [PMID: 34879552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental monitoring studies based on target analysis capture only a small fraction of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and miss pollutants potentially harmful to wildlife. Environmental specimen banks, with their archived samples, provide opportunities to identify new CECs by temporal trend analysis and non-target screening. In this study, archived white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) muscle tissue was analysed by non-targeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. Univariate statistical tests (Mann-Kendall and Spearman rank) for temporal trend analysis were applied as prioritisation methods. A workflow for non-target data was developed and validated using an artificial time series spiked at five levels with gradient concentrations of selected CECs (n = 243). Pooled eagle muscle tissues collected 1965-2017 were then investigated with an eight-point time series using the validated screening workflow. Following peak detection, peak alignment, and blank subtraction, 14 409 features were considered for statistical analysis. Prioritisation by time-trend analysis detected 207 features with increasing trends. Following unequivocal molecular formula assignment to prioritised features and further elucidation with MetFrag and EU Massbank, 13 compounds were tentatively identified, of which four were of anthropogenic origin. These results show that it is possible to prioritise new CECs in archived biological samples using univariate statistical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okruzná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Jakšić Ž, Mrljak V, Horvatić A, Gelemanović A, Mičić M. Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta plasma biochemistry and proteome profile modulation during recovery. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104433. [PMID: 34839037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to monitor and analyse injured and diseased loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) plasma proteome profiles and biochemistry parameters during their recovery period in rescue centre within different age and recovery period groups, and determine the potential biomarkers that can be used in diagnostics. The plasma biochemical parameters of total protein and glucose content, accompanied by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and N-acetyl-cystein-activated creatinine kinase (CK-NAC) are highlighted as valuable and potential biomarkers of turtle's health status and condition. Using high throughput tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach we identified 913 plasma proteins, 12 of which shown to be modulated in loggerheads age groups, and identified as a part of (i) platelet degranulation, (ii) neutrophil degranulation, and (iii) innate immune system pathways. The neurofascin (NFASC) is shown to be differentially abundant among all the age groups, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2-like (ORM2) and alpha-1-antitrypsin-like (SERPINA1) proteins were recognized as members of all three above mentioned REACTOME pathways. Furthermore, 29 of plasma proteins were significantly differentially abundant in loggerheads age and recovery period groups. Out of 15 recognized pathways, those proteins were mostly included in three specific REACTOME pathways: (i) post-translational phosphorylation, (ii) regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs), and (iii) platelet degranulation. The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was the only protein which showed statistically significant up-regulation patterns in all loggerhead age groups before release from the rescue centre, and the complement component 3 (C3) protein was the only protein modulated in all recovery period groups. Furthermore, C3 protein takes part in 9; and followed up with apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) in 7; complement component 4 (C4), complement component 5 (C5) and kininogen-1 (KNG1) in 6 REACTOME pathways. Thereby, those proteins are highlighted and recommended as potential biomarkers of turtle's health status. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029569. Finally, based on our results, we believe that comprehensive omics approach and routine plasma biochemical analysis, accompanied by proteins of acute phase, acid-base status and immune-response indicator analysis may significantly and reliably improve assessment of captive loggerheads rehabilitation and medication. SIGNIFICANCE: Monitoring and comparison of loggerhead sea turtles (C. caretta) blood plasma biochemistry parameters and plasma proteome profiles in relation to the age, and recovery period pointed out significantly differentially abundant proteins, along with certain biochemical parameter contents as potential biomarkers of turtle's fitness, health status and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ž Jakšić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Rresearch Rovinj, G. Paliage 5, HR - 52210 Rovinj, Croatia; Marine Educational Centre Pula, A. Negri 10, HR - 52100 Pula, Croatia.
| | - V Mrljak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Heinzelova 55, HR - 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Horvatić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Heinzelova 55, HR - 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Pierottieva 6, HR - 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Gelemanović
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences (MedILS), Šetalište Ivana Meštrovića 45, HR - 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - M Mičić
- Aquarium Verudela, Verudela bb, HR - 52105 Pula, Croatia; Marine Educational Centre Pula, A. Negri 10, HR - 52100 Pula, Croatia
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13
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Hajeb P, Zhu L, Bossi R, Vorkamp K. Sample preparation techniques for suspect and non-target screening of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132306. [PMID: 34826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Renaguli A, Fernando S, Holsen TM, Hopke PK, Adams DH, Balazs GH, Jones TT, Work TM, Lynch JM, Crimmins BS. Characterization of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Pelagic Sharks and Sea Turtles Using a Nontargeted Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16390-16401. [PMID: 34846854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in marine species collected from the Atlantic Ocean [3 shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and 1 porbeagle (Lamna nasus)], and 12 sea turtles collected from the Pacific Ocean [3 loggerhead (Caretta caretta), 3 green (Chelonia mydas), 3 olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), and 3 hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)] were analyzed with a nontargeted analytical method using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sharks and sea turtles had distinct HOC profiles. Halogenated methoxyphenols (halo-MeOPs) were the most abundant compound class identified in sea turtle livers, while polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the most abundant in shark livers. In addition to legacy contaminants and halo-MeOPs, a total of 110 nontargeted/novel HOCs (NHOCs) were observed in the shark livers. Shortfin mako collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico contained the largest number (89) and most diverse structural classes of NHOCs. Among all NHOCs, a group of compounds with the elemental composition C14H12-nCln (n = 5-8) exhibited the highest concentrations, followed by chlorocarbazoles and tris(chlorophenyl) methanes (TCPMs). Using nontargeted workflows, a variety of known and unknown HOCs were observed, which demonstrate the need to develop more complete chemical profiles in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikebaier Renaguli
- Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Sujan Fernando
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air and Aquatic Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Douglas H Adams
- Cape Canaveral Scientific Inc., 220 Surf Road, Melbourne Beach, Florida 32951, United States
| | - George H Balazs
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - T Todd Jones
- Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825 United States
| | - Thierry M Work
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lynch
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
- Center for Marine Debris Research, Hawai'i Pacific University, 41-202 Kalaniana'ole Highway Ste #9, Waima̅nalo, Hawai'i 96795, United States
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
- AEACS, LLC, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
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15
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Simonnet-Laprade C, Bayen S, Le Bizec B, Dervilly G. Data analysis strategies for the characterization of chemical contaminant mixtures. Fish as a case study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106610. [PMID: 33965766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of chemicals are potentially contaminating the environment and food resources, covering a wide spectrum of molecular structures, physico-chemical properties, sources, environmental behavior and toxic profiles. Beyond the description of the individual chemicals, characterizing contaminant mixtures in related matrices has become a major challenge in ecological and human health risk assessments. Continuous analytical developments, in the fields of targeted (TA) and non-targeted analysis (NTA), have resulted in ever larger sets of data on associated chemical profiles. More than ever, the implementation of advanced data analysis strategies is essential to elucidate profiles and extract new knowledge from these large data sets. Specifically focusing on the data analysis step, this review summarizes the recent progress in integrating data analysis tools into TA and NTA workflows to address the challenging characterization of chemical mixtures in environmental and food matrices. As fish matrices are relevant in both aquatic pollution and consumer exposure perspectives, fish was chosen as the main theme to illustrate this review, although the present document is equally relevant to other food and environmental matrices. The key features of TA and NTA data sets were reviewed to illustrate the challenges associated with their analysis. Advanced filtering strategies to mine NTA data sets are presented, with a particular focus on chemical filters and discriminant analysis. Further, the applications of supervised and unsupervised multivariate analysis methods to characterize exposure to chemical mixtures, and their associated challenges, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simonnet-Laprade
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruno Le Bizec
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - Gaud Dervilly
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), Oniris, INRAE, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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16
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Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, Villa CA, Limpus CJ, van de Merwe JP. Combining analytical and in vitro techniques for comprehensive assessments of chemical exposure and effect in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129752. [PMID: 33529958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtle populations foraging in coastal areas adjacent to human activity can be exposed to numerous chemical contaminants for long periods of time. For trace elements, well-developed, sensitive and inexpensive analytical techniques remain the most effective method for assessing exposure in sea turtles. However, there are many thousands more organic contaminants present in sea turtles, often at low levels as complex mixtures. Recently developed species-specific in vitro bioassays provide an effective means to identify the presence, and effect of, organic chemicals in sea turtles. This study used a combination of chemical analysis and effects-based bioassays to provide complementary information on chemical exposure and effects for three green turtle foraging populations (Chelonia mydas) in southern Queensland, Australia. Blood was collected from foraging sub-adult green turtles captured in Moreton Bay, Hervey Bay, and Port Curtis. Twenty-six trace elements were measured in whole blood using ICP-MS. Organic contaminants in turtle blood were extracted via QuEChERS and applied to primary green turtle skin fibroblast cell in vitro assays for two toxicity endpoints; cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The trace element analysis and bioassay results indicated site-specific differences between foraging populations. In particular, turtles from Moreton Bay, a heavily populated coastal embayment, had pronounced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress from organic blood extracts, and elevated concentrations of Cs, Ag, and Zn relative to the other sites. Incorporating traditional chemical analysis with novel effects-based methods can provide a comprehensive assessment of chemical risk in sea turtle populations, contributing to the conservation and management of these threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Cesar A Villa
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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17
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Cortés-Gómez AA, Romero D, Santos J, Rivera-Hernández JR, Girondot M. Inorganic elements in live vs dead nesting olive ridley marine turtles in the Mexican Pacific: Introducing a new statistical methodology in ecotoxicology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143249. [PMID: 33183810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the largest inorganic elements database in the blood of live marine turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), with 241 live as well as 38 dead nesting turtles sampled and analyzed for 26 inorganic elements, including essential (Al, As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Se, S, V, and Zn) and non-essential elements (Cd, Li, Pb, Sr, Ti, Tl, and Hg). We compared inorganic element concentrations in live and dead olive ridleys from the arribada beach "La Escobilla" located on the Pacific coast of southeastern Mexico. The most outstanding result of our study is the higher Cd concentration in dead (mean 4.27 μg g-1 ww: min 0.01-max 81.5) compared with live animals (mean 0.14 μg g-1 ww: min 0.02-max 0.52). This population has been previously reported to have the highest Cd concentration worldwide in kidney and liver samples from marine turtles (with 150.88 ± 110.99 and 82.88 ± 36.65 μg g-1 ww, respectively). Other important findings of this study include the low Hg concentration along with the decrease in Pb over the years in this population. The study also uses a new statistical method - the iconography of correlations - in which all available information is used without removing individuals or variables with missing information for the whole analysis, which is a common problem in ecotoxicology. A major advantage of this method compared to other multivariate methods is that the missing information can be easily handled, because the correlations (2 variables) and partial correlations (3 variables) are estimated only with the available data using a one-at-a-time strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Laboratoire d'Écologie SystÉmatique et Évolution, AgroParisTech, CNRS, UniversitÉ Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Diego Romero
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Santos
- Group of Marine Pollution and Biological Effects, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - José R Rivera-Hernández
- U.A. Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Mazatlán, Mexico
| | - Marc Girondot
- Laboratoire d'Écologie SystÉmatique et Évolution, AgroParisTech, CNRS, UniversitÉ Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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18
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Finlayson KA, Madden Hof CA, van de Merwe JP. Development and application of species-specific cell-based bioassays to assess toxicity in green sea turtles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:142095. [PMID: 33076209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the detection of a wide range of contaminants in the blood of green turtle populations foraging in three locations of northern Queensland - Upstart Bay, Cleveland Bay and the Howick Group of Reefs, little is known about the effects of these contaminants on turtle health. Newly developed cell-based bioassays using green turtle primary cell cultures provide an ethical, reproducible, and high-throughput method for assessing the risk of chemical exposure sea turtles. In this project, the toxicity of six priority metals (Mn, Co, Mo, As, Sb, Cu) and blood extracts from foraging turtles were tested in two bioassays adapted to green turtle primary skin and liver cells. Cytotoxicity of metals and blood extracts was measured in primary skin fibroblast cells using a resazurin assay. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was measured in primary skin fibroblasts and primary liver epithelial cells following exposure to metals and blood extracts. Arsenic, molybdenum, cobalt and copper were found to be cytotoxic to green turtle skin cells. Only manganese, cobalt and copper were found to alter GST activity, predominantly in skin cells, indicating a higher sensitivity of green turtle skin cells compared to liver cells. Effect concentrations of metals in both bioassays were above concentrations found in turtle blood. Turtle blood extracts from the three foraging grounds showed differences in cytotoxicity and GST activity. In both assays, blood extracts of turtles from Upstart Bay were the most toxic, followed by those from Cleveland Bay, then the Howick Reefs, suggesting turtles from Upstart Bay and Cleveland Bay may be at risk from current concentrations of organic contaminants. This study demonstrates that species-specific cell-based bioassays can be used effectively to assess chemical risk in sea turtles and their foraging grounds, and could be applied to assess chemical risk in other marine wildlife.
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Dürig W, Kintzi A, Golovko O, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. New extraction method prior to screening of organic micropollutants in various biota matrices using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 219:121294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Thomas CR, Bennett WW, Garcia C, Simmonds A, Honchin C, Turner R, Madden Hof CA, Bell I. Coastal bays and coral cays: Multi-element study of Chelonia mydas forage in the Great Barrier Reef (2015-2017). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140042. [PMID: 32927538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding potential impacts of complex pollutant profiles to long-lived species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), a threatened megaherbivore resident in north Australia. Dietary ingestion may be a key exposure route for metals in these animals and marine plants can accumulate metals at higher concentrations than the surrounding environment. We investigated concentrations of 19 metals and metalloids in C. mydas forage samples collected from a group of offshore coral cays and two coastal bays over a period of 2-3 years. Although no samples exceeded sediment quality guidelines, coastal forage Co, Fe, and V concentrations were up to 2-fold higher, and offshore forage Sr concentrations were ~3-fold higher, than global seagrass means. Principal Component Analysis differentiated coastal bay from coral cay forage according to patterns consistent with underlying terrigenous-type or marine carbonate-type sediment geochemistry, such that coastal bay forage was higher in Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, and Mo (and others) but forage from coral cays was higher in Sr and U. Forage from the two coastal bays was differentiated according to temporal variation in metal profiles, which may be associated with a more episodic sediment disturbance regime in one of the bays. For all study locations, some forage metal concentrations were higher than previously reported in the global literature. Our results suggest that forage metal profiles may be influenced by the presence of some metals in insoluble forms or bound to ultra-fine sediment particles adhered to forage surfaces. Metal concentrations in Great Barrier Reef forage may be present at levels higher than expected from the global seagrass literature and appear strongly influenced by underlying sediment geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette R Thomas
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Andrew Simmonds
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4805, Australia
| | - Carol Honchin
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4805, Australia.
| | - Ryan Turner
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Ian Bell
- Aquatic Species Program, Queensland Parks and Wildlife, Department of Environment and Science, Townsville 4810, Australia.
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21
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Barraza AD, Komoroske LM, Allen CD, Eguchi T, Gossett R, Holland E, Lawson DD, LeRoux RA, Lorenzi V, Seminoff JA, Lowe CG. Persistent organic pollutants in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) inhabiting two urbanized Southern California habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110979. [PMID: 32275536 PMCID: PMC7174570 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Within Southern California, east Pacific green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) forage year-round, taking advantage of diverse food resources, including seagrass, marine algae, and invertebrates. Assessing persistent organic pollutants (POP) in green turtle aggregations in the Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge (SBNWR, n = 17) and San Diego Bay (SDB, n = 25) can help quantify contamination risks for these populations. Blood plasma was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PCBs and body size explained much of the separation of turtles by foraging aggregation in a principal component analysis. Turtles from SDB had significantly (p < 0.001) higher total PCBs than SBNWR turtles. Most PCBs detected in turtles were non-dioxin-like PCB congeners (153, 138, 99) that are associated with neurotoxicity. Recaptured turtles' POP levels changed significantly over time indicating significant variation in POP levels through time and space, even among adjacent foraging locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Barraza
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Lisa M Komoroske
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Camryn D Allen
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA; The Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Protected Species Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tomoharu Eguchi
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rich Gossett
- Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment, and Society, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Erika Holland
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Lawson
- Long Beach Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Robin A LeRoux
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Varenka Lorenzi
- Institute for Integrated Research on Materials, Environment, and Society, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Seminoff
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Abstract
In 1999 the journal Xenobiotica published a perspective article detailing the new concept of metabonomics and its application to toxicology. The approach was to apply analytical chemistry techniques, and in particular 1 H NMR spectroscopy, to profile biofluids and tissues to assess the metabolic effects of xenobiotics. Metabonomics has been shown to be sensitive not only to organ specific toxicity but also provides information on the cells, tissues and mechanisms involved, as well as their interactions with the host's sex, age, diet and environment. This review assesses the impact of metabonomics on drug toxicology over the past twenty years and its future prospects. These applications include:Pharmacometabonomics - the prediction of drug effects through the analysis of predose, biofluid metabolite profiles, which reflect both genetic and environmental influences on physiology.The microbiomes role in toxicology - understanding how xenobiotics can be modified by the microbiome dramatically changing their impact on the host.Development of expert systems for toxicity prediction.Data fusion of different omics to better understand the underlying mechanisms of drug toxicity.Metabonomics and exposome - understanding how multiple environmental toxicants might interact with the host organism to produce their overall phenotype. While there has been huge growth in the use of metabonomics within toxicology these applications are set to increase as the tools become more sensitive and robust, as well as the increased use of both experimental and in silico databases to aid prediction of toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian L Griffin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Medicine, Imperial College London, The Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, UK
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23
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Leonard JA. Supporting systems science through in silico applications: A focus on informing metabolic mechanisms. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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von Eyken A, Bayen S. Optimization of the Data Treatment Steps of a Non-targeted LC-MS-Based Workflow for the Identification of Trace Chemical Residues in Honey. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:765-777. [PMID: 30877654 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted screening (e.g., suspected-target) is emerging as an attractive tool to investigate the occurrence of contaminants in food. The sample preparation and instrument analysis steps are known to influence the identification of analytes with non-targeted workflows, especially for complex matrices. However, for methods based on mass spectrometry, the impact of the post-analysis data treatment (e.g., feature extraction) on the capacity to correctly identify a contaminant at trace level is currently not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of seven post-analysis data treatment parameters on the non-targeted identification of trace contaminants in honey using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Seven compounds reported as veterinary drugs for honeybees were applied as model compounds. Among the parameters studied, the expansion window for chromatogram extraction and the average scans included in the spectra influenced significantly the identification process results. The optimized data treatment was applied to the non-targeted screening of veterinary drugs, pesticides, and other contaminants in 55 honey samples as a proof of concept. Among the 43 compounds included in a library of honey-related compounds that was used for screening, eight compounds were tentatively identified in at least one honey sample. The tentative identity of two of these compounds (tylosin A and hydroxymethylfurfural) was further confirmed with analytical standards. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie von Eyken
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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Gaus C, Villa CA, Dogruer G, Heffernan A, Vijayasarathy S, Lin CY, Flint M, Hof CM, Bell I. Evaluating internal exposure of sea turtles as model species for identifying regional chemical threats in nearshore habitats of the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:732-743. [PMID: 30583168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine megafauna that forage in proximity to land can be exposed to a diverse mixture of chemicals that - individually or combined - have the potential to affect their health. Characterizing such complex exposure and examining associations with health still poses considerable challenges. The present study summarizes the development and application of novel approaches to identifying chemical hazards and their potential impacts on the health of coastal wildlife, using green sea turtles as model species. We used an epidemiological study approach to collect blood and keratinized scute samples from free-ranging turtles foraging in nearshore areas and an offshore control site. These were analyzed using a combination of non-targeted, effect-based and multi-chemical analytical screening approaches to assess internal exposure to a wide range of chemicals. The screening phase identified a suite of elements (essential and non-essential) as priority for further investigation. Many of these elements are not commonly analyzed in marine wildlife, illustrating that comprehensive screening is important where exposure is unknown or uncertain. In particular, cobalt was present at highly elevated concentrations, in the order of those known to elicit acute effects across other vertebrate species. Several trace elements, including cobalt, were correlated with clinical indicators of impaired turtle health. In addition, biomarkers of oxidative stress (e.g. 3-indolepropionic acid and lipid peroxidation products) identified in the blood of turtles showed significant correlations with clinical health markers (particularly alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin), as well as with cobalt. To assist interpretation of trace element blood data in the absence of sufficient information on reptile toxicity, we established exposure reference intervals using a healthy control population. In addition, trace element exposure history was investigated by establishing temporal exposure indices using steady-state relationships between blood and scute. Overall, the data provide a strong argument for the notion that trace element exposure is having an impact on the health of coastal sea turtle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia.
| | - C Alexander Villa
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Gülsah Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Amy Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Soumini Vijayasarathy
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Chun-Yin Lin
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Mark Flint
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, The Florida Aquarium's Center for Conservation, Apollo Beach, FL 33572, USA
| | | | - Ian Bell
- Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Threatened Species Unit, Townsville, Australia
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Gallen C, Heffernan AL, Kaserzon S, Dogruer G, Samanipour S, Gomez-Ramos MJ, Mueller JF. Integrated chemical exposure assessment of coastal green turtle foraging grounds on the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:401-409. [PMID: 30550904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Great Barrier Reef receives run-off from 424,000 km2 catchment area across coastal Queensland, incorporating diffuse agricultural run-off, and run-off point sources of land-based chemical pollutants from urban and industrial development. Marine biota, such as green turtles (Chelonia mydas), are exposed to these diverse chemical mixtures in their natural environments, and the long term effects on turtle and ecosystem health remain unknown. This study was part of a larger multi-disciplinary project characterising anthropogenic chemical exposures from the marine environment and turtle health. The aim of this study was to screen for a wide range of anthropogenic chemical pollutants present in the external and internal environment of green turtles, using a combination of traditional targeted chemical analyses, non-target suspect screening, and effect-based bioassay methods, while employing a case-control study design. A combination of passive (water) and grab (water, sediment) samples were investigated. Three known green turtle foraging sites were selected for sampling: two coastal 'case' sites influenced primarily by urban/industrial and agricultural activities, respectively; and a remote, offshore 'control' site. Water and sediment samples from each of the three sampling locations showed differences in chemical pollutant profiles that reflected the dominant land uses in the adjacent catchment. Targeted mass spectrometric analysis for a range of pesticides, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products found the greatest detection frequency and highest concentrations in coastal samples, compared to the control. Non-target screening analysis of water showed clear differentiation in chemical profile of the urban/industrial site. In-vitro assays of sediment samples from the control site had lowest induction, compared to coastal locations, as expected. Here we present evidence that turtles foraging in coastal areas are exposed to a range of anthropogenic pollutants derived from the adjacent coastal catchment areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gallen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - A L Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - S Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - G Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - S Samanipour
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - M J Gomez-Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - J F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia
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Bell IP, Meager J, van de Merwe JP, Madden Hof CA. Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) population demographics at three chemically distinct foraging areas in the northern Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1040-1050. [PMID: 30586791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The catchments of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have experienced significant modifications in recent decades, leading to increases in sources of pollutants and declines in coastal water quality. As coastal waters of the GBR support some of the highest density green turtle (Chelonia mydas) foraging populations in the western Pacific Ocean, understanding the effects of contaminants on GBR green turtle populations is a priority. In 2012, elevated strandings of green turtles in the Upstart Bay region instigated the WWF's collaborative Rivers to Reef to Turtles (RRT) project to investigate if coastal pollutants are compromising green turtle health. Important to interpreting these investigations into toxicology and health is understanding the demographics of the green turtle populations being investigated. In three green turtle foraging grounds, Cleveland Bay (CLV), Upstart Bay (UPB) and the Howick Group of Reefs (HWK), this study explored population size, age class structure, sex ratio, growth rates, body condition and diet, as well as indices of turtle health, such as plastron barnacle loads and eye lesions. The three foraging populations had similar age class structure and adult sex ratios to other green turtle foraging populations in the GBR. Somatic growth rate was nonlinear, peaking in immature turtles, and was much slower in turtles foraging at HWK compared to the other two sites. This may have been due to differences in food source, which was supported by the observed dietary shifts between seagrass and algae in HWK turtles, compared to a consistently seagrass diet in CLV and UPB turtles. There were also small differences in body condition between sites, as well as differences in barnacle loads, eye lesions and occurrence of fibropapilloma tumors. This study provides important information on green turtle foraging ground population dynamics in the northern GBR, and context for the other papers in this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Bell
- Aquatic Species Program, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
| | - Justin Meager
- Aquatic Species Program, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Griffith Sciences and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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Vijayasarathy S, Baduel C, Hof C, Bell I, Del Mar Gómez Ramos M, Ramos MJG, Kock M, Gaus C. Multi-residue screening of non-polar hazardous chemicals in green turtle blood from different foraging regions of the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:862-868. [PMID: 30380492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Green turtles spend a large part of their lifecycle foraging in nearshore seagrass habitats, which are often in close proximity to sources of anthropogenic contaminants. As most biomonitoring studies focus on a limited number of targeted chemical groups, this study was designed to screen for a wider range of hazardous chemicals that may not have been considered in prior studies. Whole blood of sub-adult green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were sampled from three different locations, a remote, offshore 'control' site; and two coastal 'case' sites influenced by urban and agricultural activities on the Great Barrier Reef in North Queensland, Australia. In order to screen blood samples for chemicals across a wide range of KOW's, a modified QuEChER's extraction method was used. The samples were analysed using a multi-residue gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry system (GC-MS/MS method that allowed simultaneous quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PBDES), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). While PBDEs, PCBs and OCPS were below the limits of quantification, PAHs were detected in all turtle blood samples. However, PAH levels were relatively low (maximum ΣPAH = 13 ng/mL ww) and comparable to or less than those reported from other green turtles globally. The present study provides the first baseline PAH levels in blood samples from green turtles from nearshore and offshore locations in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumini Vijayasarathy
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Hof
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Species Conservation and Indigenous Partnerships Unit, World Wildlife Fund for Nature-Australia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Aquatic Species Program, Department of Environment and Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - María Del Mar Gómez Ramos
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María José Gómez Ramos
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Villa CA, Bell I, Madden Hof C, Limpus CJ, Gaus C. Elucidating temporal trends in trace element exposure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) using the toxicokinetic differences of blood and scute samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2450-2459. [PMID: 30336435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood is considered a suitable biomonitoring matrix for evaluating relatively recent exposure to environmental contaminants since abrupt changes in exposure regimes are rapidly reflected in blood. On the other hand, keratinized tissues, such as turtle scutes, are known to integrate trace element exposure over relatively long time periods. This study aimed to test the use of the differences in blood and scute to inform on the historical trace element exposure of green turtles. We propose a blood-scute kinetic model to predict how an increase in exposure would affect the concentrations in these two matrices over time. We then tested the relationship between blood and scute concentrations for 19 trace elements in two green turtle populations presumed to experience relatively constant exposure conditions. Significant log-log and linear correlations were observed between blood and scute concentrations for Co, As, Mo, Sb, and Cd. We then analysed blood-scute ratios in turtles from two coastal sites with known elevated exposure to various trace elements from previous studies. Deviations from the steady-state were clearly evident in these coastal turtles (for Co and Cd) and were consistent with the model prediction of changes in exposure. These field data provide evidence that blood-scute ratios can provide a valuable tool for examining the historical trace element exposure of turtles. We further present a method by which the general model may be refined and validated, by using data from individual turtles that had been recaptured across multiple years. Although the timeframe and number of recaptured samples available for this study were limited, the temporal changes in blood-scute ratios in these animals were generally consistent with those suggested by the model. Thus, the ratio between paired blood and scute trace element concentrations could be used to establish a temporal exposure index in turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Villa
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - I Bell
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - C Madden Hof
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Australia, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - C J Limpus
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - C Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Pan M, Xiang P, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Yan H. Development of a high-throughput screening analysis for 288 drugs and poisons in human blood using Orbitrap technology with gas chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:209-226. [PMID: 30595433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The screening analysis for drugs and poisons always symbolizes the capabilities of a forensic laboratory. Due to the rapid emergence of new compounds in clinical and forensic intoxication cases, sensitive and specific methods are necessary for the screening of wide range of target compounds. A novel high-throughput screening method has been developed for the toxicological analysis of 288 drugs and poisons in human blood using Orbitrap technology with gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). This method allows for the fast detection and identification of high-throughput forensically important drugs and poisons, e.g., drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic cannabinoids, opiates, hallucinogen), sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pesticides (acaricides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides), and cardiovascular agents in one single GC-Q Exactive run. After a simple extraction with ethyl ether and buffer, following centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the system. For detection, spiked blood samples were analyzed by Orbitrap-GC-HRMS using an electrospray ionization in full scan mode with a scan range from 40 to 650 (m/z). The identification of drugs and poisons in the samples was carried out by searching the accurate molecular mass of characteristic fragment ions, ion rations and retention time (RT) against the in-house library that we developed with 70 ev electron energy. The limit of detection (LOD) for most compounds (249 in a total of 288 compounds) was below 100 ng/mL. For selectivity, no substances have been identified in drug-free blood samples from six different sources, and the method was suitable for the recovery and the carryover. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the RTs was below 0.99% in all reproducibility experiments. Mass accuracy was always better than 3 ppm, corresponding to a maximum mass error of 1.04 millimass units (mmu). The developed method was applied to 136 real samples from forensic cases, demonstrating its suitability for the sensitive and fast screening of high-throughput drugs in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China.
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Extended Targeted and Non-Targeted Strategies for the Analysis of Marine Toxins in Mussels and Oysters by (LC-HRMS). Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10090375. [PMID: 30223487 PMCID: PMC6162736 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When considering the geographical expansion of marine toxins, the emergence of new toxins and the associated risk for human health, there is urgent need for versatile and efficient analytical methods that are able to detect a range, as wide as possible, of known or emerging toxins. Current detection methods for marine toxins rely on a priori defined target lists of toxins and are generally inappropriate for the detection and identification of emerging compounds. The authors describe the implementation of a recent approach for the non-targeted analysis of marine toxins in shellfish with a focus on a comprehensive workflow for the acquisition and treatment of the data generated after liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. First, the study was carried out in targeted mode to assess the performance of the method for known toxins with an extended range of polarities, including lipophilic toxins (okadaic acid, dinophysistoxins, azaspiracids, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, cyclic imines, brevetoxins) and domoic acid. The targeted method, assessed for 14 toxins, shows good performance both in mussel and oyster extracts. The non-target potential of the method was then challenged via suspects and without a priori screening by blind analyzing mussel and oyster samples spiked with marine toxins. The data processing was optimized and successfully identified the toxins that were spiked in the blind samples.
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Dogruer G, Weijs L, Tang JYM, Hollert H, Kock M, Bell I, Madden Hof CA, Gaus C. Effect-based approach for screening of chemical mixtures in whole blood of green turtles from the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:321-329. [PMID: 28854388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are exposed to mixtures of both known and unknown chemicals which are diverse and variable, and thus difficult and costly to characterise and monitor using traditional target analyses. The objective of this study was to validate and apply in vitro effect-based methods by which whole blood can be used to screen internal exposure to such complex chemical mixtures. For this study, we used whole blood of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). To ensure the chemical mixture in blood is transferred with minimal losses or bias, we tested a modified QuEChERS extraction method specifically developed for multi- and non-target instrument analysis. The extracts were dosed to a battery of in vitro bioassays (AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32, NFκB-bla, VM7Luc4E2, Microtox), each with a different mode of action (e.g., AhR receptor mediated xenobiotics, NrF2-mediated oxidative stress, NFκB mediated response to inflammation, estrogen activity and baseline toxicity oxidative stress, respectively) in order to cover a wide spectrum of chemicals. Results confirmed the absence of interferences of the blood extract with the responses of the different assays, thus indicating the methods' compatibility with effect-based screening approaches. To apply this approach, whole blood samples were collected from green turtles foraging in agricultural, urban and remote areas of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. The effect-based screening revealed significant differences in exposure, with higher induction of AhR-CAFLUX, AREc32 and Microtox assays in turtles from the agricultural foraging ground. Overall, these results corroborated with concurrent health, target and non-target analyses in the same animals performed as part of a larger program. This study provides evidence that the proposed effect-based approach is suitable for screening and evaluating internal exposure of organisms to chemical mixtures. The approach could be valuable for advancing understanding on multiple levels ranging from identification of priority chemicals in effect-directed investigations to exploring relationships between exposure and disease, not only in sea turtles, but in any organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsah Dogruer
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Liesbeth Weijs
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Janet Yat-Man Tang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Ian Bell
- Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Threatened Species Unit, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Caroline Gaus
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108, Australia
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