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Zhang S, Liu Q, Zhong L, Jiang J, Luo X, Hu X, Liu Q, Lu Y. Geobacter sulfurreducens promoted the biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide and coupled it for nitrobenzene reduction. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:458-469. [PMID: 38135411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore an efficient and green method to deal with nitrobenzene (NB) pollutant, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an electron shuttle was applied to enhance the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process of Geobacter sulfurreducens, which was a typical electrochemically active bacteria (EAB). In this study, rGO biosynthesis was achieved via the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by G. sulfurreducens PCA within 3 days. Also, the rGO-PCA combining system completely reduced 50-200 µmol/L of NB to aniline as end product within one day. SEM characterization revealed that PCA cells were partly wrapped by rGO, and therefore the distance of electron transfer between strain PCA and rGO material was reduced. Beside, the ID/IG of GO, rGO, and rGO-PCA combining system were 0.990, 1.293 and 1.31, respectively. Moreover, highest currents were observed in rGO-PCA-NB as 12.950 µA/-12.560 µA at -408 mV/156 mV, attributing to the faster electron transfer efficiency in EET process. Therefore, the NB reduction was mainly due to: (I) direct EET process from G. sulfurreducens PCA to NB; (II) rGO served as electron shuttle and accelerated electron transfer to NB, which was the main degradation pathway. Overall, the biosynthesis of rGO via GO reduction by Geobacter promoted the NB removal process, which provided a facile strategy to alleviate the problematic nitroaromatic pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 510082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Linrui Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jianhong Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; China Machinery International Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Changsha 410007, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Water Treatment Process & Equipment, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Xiaozhe Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xingxin Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 510082, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
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Nasir MS, Tahir I, Ali A, Ayub I, Nasir A, Abbas N, Sajjad U, Hamid K. Innovative technologies for removal of micro plastic: A review of recent advances. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25883. [PMID: 38380043 PMCID: PMC10877293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are becoming a pervasive pollutant in every environmental matrix, particularly in the aquatic environment. Due to increased plastic usage and its impact on human and aquatic life, microplastic (MP) pollution has been studied extensively as a global issue. The production of MP has been linked to both consumer and commercial practices. There is a significant amount of MP's that must be removed by wastewater treatment plants before they can be bioaccumulated. Many researchers have recently become interested in the possibility of eliminating MPs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Many studies have analyzed MP's environmental effects, including its emission sources, distribution, and impact on the surrounding environment. The effectiveness of their removal by various wastewater treatment technologies requires a critical review that accounts for all these methods. In this review, we have covered the most useful technologies for the removal of MP during WWTP. The findings of this review should help scientists and policymakers move forward with studies, prototypes, and proposals for significant remediation impact on water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Nasir
- Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ifrah Tahir
- Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ali
- Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Iqra Ayub
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Structures and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Uzair Sajjad
- Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Khalid Hamid
- Process and Power Research Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Yu J, Zhu Z, Hu W, Deng Y, Feng C, Chen N. Research on the electrochemical treatment of nitrobenzene wastewater: The effects of process parameters and the mechanism of distinct degradation pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139408. [PMID: 37419153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene is a typical organic pollutant of petroleum pollutant, which is a synthetic chemical not found naturally in the environment. Nitrobenzene in environment can cause toxic liver disease and respiratory failure in humans. Electrochemical technology provides an effective and efficient method for degrading nitrobenzene. This study, the effects of process parameter (e.g., electrolyte solution type, electrolyte concentration, current density and pH) and distinct reaction pathways for electrochemical treatment of nitrobenzene were investigated. As a result, available chlorine dominates the electrochemical oxidation process compared with hydroxyl radical, thus the electrolyte of NaCl is more suitable for the degradation of nitrobenzene than that of Na2SO4. The concentration and the existence form of available chlorine were mainly controlled by electrolyte concentration, current density and pH, which directly affect the removal of nitrobenzene. Cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometric analyses suggested that electrochemical degradation of nitrobenzene included two important ways. Firstly, single oxidation: nitrobenzene → other forms of aromatic compounds→ NO-x + organic acids + mineralization products. Secondly, coordination of reduction and oxidation: nitrobenzene → aniline→ N2 + NO-x + organic acid + mineralization products. The results of this study will encourage us to further understand the electrochemical degradation mechanism of nitrobenzene and develop the efficient processes for nitrobenzene treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zipeng Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Kong X, Garg S, Chen G, Waite TD. Investigation of the deactivation and regeneration of an Fe 2O 3/Al 2O 3•SiO 2 catalyst used in catalytic ozonation of coal chemical industry wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131194. [PMID: 36921420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst deactivation is an ongoing concern for industrial application of catalytic ozonation processes. In this study, we systematically investigated the performance of a catalytic ozonation process employing Fe2O3/Al2O3•SiO2 catalyst for the treatment of coal chemical industry (CCI) wastewater using pilot-scale and laboratory-scale systems. Our results show that the activity of the Fe2O3/Al2O3•SiO2 catalyst for organic contaminant removal deteriorated over time due to formation of a dense and thin carbonaceous layer on the Fe2O3 catalyst surface. EPR and fluorescence imaging analysis confirm that the passivation layer essentially inhibited the O3-catalyst interaction thereby minimizing formation of surficial •OH and associated oxidation of organic contaminants on the catalyst surface. Calcination was demonstrated to be effective in restoring the activity of the catalyst since the carbonaceous layer could be efficiently combusted during calcination to re-establish the surficial •OH-mediated oxidation process. The combustion of the carbonaceous layer and restoration of the Fe layer on the surface on calcination was confirmed based on SEM-EDX, FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis. Cost analysis indicates that regeneration using calcination is economically viable compared to catalyst replacement. The results of this study are expected to pave the way for developing appropriate regeneration techniques for deactivated catalysts and optimising the catalyst synthesis procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtong Kong
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guifeng Chen
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - T David Waite
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies (CTET), Yixing, Jiangsu 214206, PR China.
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5
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Duan X, Lu Z, Sun B, Wu S, Qian Z. Efficient utilization of free radicals in advanced oxidation processes under high-gravity environment for disposing pollutants in effluents and gases: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139057. [PMID: 37268234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using strongly oxidizing radicals are promising for wastewater treatment and gas purification. Nevertheless, the short half-life of radicals and the limited mass transfer in traditional reactors cause under-utilization of radicals and low pollutant removal efficiency. High-gravity technology (HiGee)-enhanced AOPs (HiGee-AOPs) have been demonstrated a promising way to enhance radical utilization in a rotating packed bed reactor (RPB). Here, we review the potential mechanisms of intensified radical utilization in HiGee-AOPs, structures and performance of RPB, and applications of HiGee in AOPs. The intensification mechanisms are described from three aspects: enhanced generation of radicals by efficient mass transfer, in-situ radical utilization under frequent liquid film renewal, and selective effect on radical utilization due to micromixing in RPB. Based on these mechanisms, we propose a novel High-gravity flow reaction with the essence of efficiency, in-situ, and selectivity in order to better explain the strengthening mechanisms in HiGee-AOPs. HiGee-AOPs possess great potential for treating effluent and gaseous pollutants due to characteristics of High-gravity flow reaction. We discuss the pros and cons of different RPBs and their applications to specific HiGee-AOPs. HiGee improve the following AOPs: (1) facilitate interfacial mass transfer in homogeneous AOPs, (2) enhance mass transfer to expose more catalytically active sites and mass-produce nanocatalysts for heterogeneous AOPs, (3) inhibit bubble accumulation on the electrode surface of electrochemical AOPs, (4) increase the mass transfer between liquid and catalysts in UV-assisted AOPs, (5) improve the micromixing efficiency of ultrasound-based AOPs. Strategies outlined in this paper should inspire further development of HiGee-AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou City, Shandong, 256606, China
| | - ZhiCheng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou City, Shandong, 256606, China
| | - Baochang Sun
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Shao Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou City, Shandong, 256606, China
| | - Zhi Qian
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou City, Shandong, 256606, China.
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Wang J, Yuan S, Dai X, Dong B. Application, mechanism and prospects of Fe-based/ Fe-biochar catalysts in heterogenous ozonation process: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 319:138018. [PMID: 36731663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of novel organic contaminants have escalated the demands and challenges for water treatment technology. Advanced oxidation processes based on ozone have the advantage of strong oxidative capacity and higher efficiency, which have promising application prospects in the treatment of refractory organic contaminants. Biochar has attracted a lot of interest in recent years in wastewater treatment owing to its porous structure, portable preparation and outstanding stability. Moreover, iron species are widely used in catalytic ozonation owing to their magnetic polarization, vast abundance and low price. Despite a plethora of research on Fe-based catalysts in ozonation process, the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation with Fe-loaded biochar lacks a comprehensive compendium. This review intends to introduce the research progress on Fe-based catalysts and Fe-loaded biochar in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation progress, summarize and further explore the mechanisms and detection techniques of various active components in catalytic ozonation, as well as providing fresh insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; YANGTZE Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, PR China; Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, PR China.
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7
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Liu F, Tu Y, Chen J, Shao G, Zhou Z, Tian S, Ren Z. Treatment of saline organic wastewater by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation with Al2O3-PEC-CaxOy as catalysts. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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8
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Javed F, Tariq A, Ikhlaq A, Rizvi OS, Ikhlaq U, Masood Z, Qazi UY, Qi F. Application of Laboratory-Grade Recycled Borosilicate Glass Coated with Iron and Cobalt for the Removal of Methylene Blue by Catalytic Ozonation Process. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Catalytic ozonation performance of calcium-loaded catalyst (Ca-C/Al2O3) for effective treatment of high salt organic wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Application of Attapulgite Clay-Based Fe-Zeolite 5A in UV-Assisted Catalytic Ozonation for the Removal of Ciprofloxacin. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2846453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, Fe-zeolite 5A (Fe-Z5A) efficacy in the UV-assisted ozonation process to remove ciprofloxacin (CF) in wastewater is investigated. FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and the mass transfer process for point of zero charge are used to characterize the catalyst. Furthermore, the synergic process (UV/O3/Fe-Z5A) is compared with O3, O3/UV, and Fe-Z5A/O3 processes. The influence of catalyst dose, hydroxyl radical scavenger, and off-gas ozone released is discussed. The removal efficiency of CF in wastewater (for the synergic process) is compared with a single ozonation process. The results indicate that the synergic process was more efficient than others, with about 73% CF being removed (in 60 minutes) in the synergic process. The results also show that synergic processes produce less off-gas ozone than other processes, suggesting more ozone consumption in the synergic process, and confirmed by the radical scavenger effect and hydrogen peroxide decomposition studies. The Fe-Z5A was found to operate through a hydroxyl mechanism in which Fe worked as an active site that promotes the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the synergic process was more efficient than the ozonation process in the wastewater matrix. Hence, Fe-Z5A/O3/UV pathway is highly efficient for the degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater.
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11
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Electrochemical Degradation of Nitrobenzene Wastewater: From Laboratory Experiments to Pilot-Scale Industrial Application. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the electrochemical degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) was conducted on the Ti/SnO2-Sb/Ce-PbO2 anode with excellent functional performance. The effect of applied current density, electrode distance, pH value and initial concentration on the reaction kinetics of NB was systematically studied. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate reached 91.5% after 60 min of electrolysis under optimal conditions. Eight aromatic intermediate products of NB were identified by using a gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer, and two aliphatic carboxylic acids were qualitatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph. The electrochemical mineralization mechanism of NB was proposed based on the detected intermediates and the identified key active oxygen specie. It was supposed that the hydroxyl radical produced on an anode attacked NB to form hydroxylated NB derivatives, followed by the benzene ring opening reactions with the formation of aliphatic carboxylic acids, which mineralized to CO2 and H2O. In addition, NB was reduced to less stable aniline on the cathode surface, which resulted in actualized mineralization. The successful pilot-scale industrial application in combination with wastewater containing NB with the influent concentration of 80–120 mg L−1 indicated that electrochemical oxidation has great potential to abate NB in practical wastewater treatment.
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12
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Zeolite-assisted radiolysis of aromatic chlorides mitigating influence of coexisting ions in water matrix. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Shao S, Li Z, Zhang J, Gao K, Liu Y, Jiao W. Preparation of Ce-MnOX/γ-Al2O3 by high gravity-assisted impregnation method for efficient catalytic ozonation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Hu W, Wu F, Liu W. Facile synthesis of Z-scheme Bi2O3/Bi2WO6 composite for highly effective visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Shao S, Li Z, Gao K, Zhang J, Liu Y, Jiao W. Preparation of Cu-MnOX/γ-Al2O3 by high gravity-assisted impregnation method for heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of nitrobenzene. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Chen WS, Liu YC. Photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene in wastewater by persulfate integrated with Ag/Pb 3O 4 semiconductor under visible light irradiation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06984. [PMID: 34136672 PMCID: PMC8180619 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrobenzene oxidation was executed utilizing an innovative method, in which Ag/Pb3O4 semiconductors irradiated by visible light were used for activation of persulfate into sulfate radicals. Batch mode experiments were accomplished to elucidate the effect of persulfate concentrations and Ag/Pb3O4 dosages on the nitrobenzene oxidation behaviors. The physicochemical properties of original and reacted Ag/Pb3O4 were illustrated by X-ray diffraction analyses, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, FE-SEM images, EDS analyses, photoluminescence spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra, respectively. The main oxidant was hypothesized to be sulfate radicals, induced from persulfate caused by photocatalysis of Ag/Pb3O4. It was clearly reflected on the scavenging experiments with addition of benzene, ethanol and methanol individually. As far as degradation pathways concerned, nitrobenzene was essentially transformed into hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals, and sequentially converted to 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol simultaneously. Denitration of nitrophenols gave rise to synthesis of phenol, followed with generation of hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
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Wang M, Hu K, Zuo Z, Hu S, Lu S. Facet-Guiding Deposition of Size-Selected Au Cluster Size on MgO Cube. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Zhang M, Yin D, Guo J, Wu H, Gong M, Feng X. Ternary catalyst Mn-Fe-Ce/Al 2O 3 for the ozonation of phenol pollutant: performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13006-5. [PMID: 33638073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel ternary catalyst Mn-Fe-Ce/Al2O3 was synthesized by co-impregnation method, and was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, and FTIR. The catalytic performance of this ternary catalyst was evaluated in the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of phenol pollutants and it improved the removal rate and mineralization degree of phenol pollutants. The changes of dissolved ozone in water and the TBA experiment proved that the ternary catalyst could accelerate the decomposition of ozone into hydroxyl radicals, thus accelerating the oxidation of phenol. Phosphate experiments and surface hydroxyl density measurements proved that surface hydroxyl was the active site of the catalyst. XPS analysis showed that the ternary catalysts accelerated electron transfer through the redox cycles of Mn2+-Mn3+-Mn4+, Fe2+-Fe3+, and Ce3+-Ce4+, which also contributed to the high catalytic activity. Moreover, the catalyst maintained high catalytic activity after five cycles of use. Therefore, the ternary catalyst was considered an efficient and promising catalyst for catalytic ozonation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manning Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dulin Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Wuhu Gefeng Green Technology Research Center Co., Ltd, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Huanghe Wu
- Green Technology Materials Co., Ltd, Pingxiang, 337000, China
| | - Meiling Gong
- Gefeng Environmental Protection Technology & Materials Co., Ltd, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xiangdong Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Wuhu Gefeng Green Technology Research Center Co., Ltd, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Green Technology Materials Co., Ltd, Pingxiang, 337000, China.
- Gefeng Environmental Protection Technology & Materials Co., Ltd, Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Gefeng, Green Technology Materials CO., LTD, Anyuan Industrial Park, ChengGong Parkway, Pingxiang City, 337000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Preparation of a Novel Cellulose-Styrene Copolymer Adsorbent and Its Adsorption of Nitrobenzene from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040609. [PMID: 33670572 PMCID: PMC7922655 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cellulose–styrene copolymer adsorbent (cellulose-St) was prepared using free radical polymerization. Successful polymerization was confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon 13 Solid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), etc. Cellulose-St possessed good hydrophobicity, and the best water contact angle of cellulose-St samples could reach 146°. It had the ability of adsorption for nitrobenzene (NB), and the adsorption process could be well described by the pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.99) and three-stage intraparticle diffusion (R2 > 0.99) kinetic models. Furthermore, the dynamic adsorption experiments revealed that cellulose-St had the potential for continuous separation of NB in water, and the breakthrough point for the initial NB concentration of 10 mg/L reached 1.275 L/g. Moreover, cellulose-St exhibited excellent environmental adaptability that it could maintain its hydrophobicity and adsorption ability for NB in strong acids, strong alkalis, or organic solvents. The used cellulose-St could be reused after washing with ethanol and keep almost constant adsorption capacity after ten cycles.
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Characteristics and Behavior of Different Catalysts Used for Water Decontamination in Photooxidation and Ozonation Processes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to summarize the results obtained in a wide research project carried out for more than 15 years on the catalytic activity of different catalysts (activated carbon, metal–carbon xerogels/aerogels, iron-doped silica xerogels, ruthenium metal complexes, reduced graphene oxide-metal oxide composites, and zeolites) in the photooxidation (by using UV or solar radiation) and ozonation of water pollutants, including herbicides, naphthalenesulfonic acids, sodium para-chlorobenzoate, nitroimidazoles, tetracyclines, parabens, sulfamethazine, sodium diatrizoate, cytarabine, and surfactants. All catalysts were synthesized and then texturally, chemically, and electronically characterized using numerous experimental techniques, including N2 and CO2 adsorption, mercury porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The behavior of these materials as photocatalysts and ozonation catalysts was related to their characteristics, and the catalytic mechanisms in these advanced oxidation processes were explored. Investigations were conducted into the effects on pollutant degradation, total organic carbon reduction, and water toxicity of operational variables and the presence of different chemical species in ultrapure, surface, ground, and wastewaters. Finally, a review is provided of the most recent and relevant published studies on photocatalysis and catalyzed ozonation in water treatments using similar catalysts to those examined in our project.
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Chen Z, Liu L, Qu H, Zhou B, Xie H, Zhong Q. Migration of cations and shell functionalization for Cu-Ce-La/SSZ-13@ZSM-5: The contribution to activity and hydrothermal stability in the selective catalytic reduction reaction. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee K, Choi B, Lee C, Oh K. Effects of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, reaction atmosphere and metal additive on de-NOx performance of HC-SCR over Cu-based ZSM-5. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang S, Zhu J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Ge F, Xu Y. The catalytic degradation of nitrobenzene by the Cu-Co-Fe-LDH through activated oxygen under ambient conditions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3999-4011. [PMID: 32057042 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03794b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and low-cost catalysts for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) under ambient conditions are of great significance for the degradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants. In this study, four LDH catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance was studied by the degradation of nitrobenzene. The CuCoFe-LDH shows the best catalytic activity with an NB removal efficiency of 41.2%. The CuCoFe-LDH exhibited a typical layer structure, with a specific surface area of 167.32 m2 g-1, and Cu2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ were evenly dispersed on the crystal. The NB removal efficiency was increased by 12.5% through adding formic acid. After five recycling processes, the NB removal efficiency was 18.9% because 3.8 mg g-1 of Co was leached out of the LDH. In the CWAO process, H2O2, ˙OH, ˙O2- and 1O2 were successfully formed through activated oxygen by the CuCoFe-LDH catalyst under ambient conditions. This work further broadens the application scope of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in the degradation of organic pollutants by CWAO under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Wang
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China.
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Sulfur-doped copper-yttrium bimetallic oxides: A novel and efficient ozonation catalyst for the degradation of aniline. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu JH, Zhang F. Rapid aerobic visible-light-driven photo-reduction of nitrobenzene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136322. [PMID: 31923680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many strategies have been proposed to treat wastewater containing toxic contaminants, such as nitrobenzene, prior to discharge. Most of these degradation processes, especially biodegradation, undergo a limited step of nitrobenzene reduction into aniline and a subsequent fast step of aniline mineralization. The low efficiency of nitrobenzene reduction and the requirement of an anaerobic atmosphere limit the overall degradation performance. In this communication, eosin Y is reported as a potential homogeneous catalyst for the rapid photoreduction of nitrobenzene under aerobic conditions. As a result, a conversion (~10 min) of nitrobenzene (25 mg/L) into aniline driven by visible light was achieved. The reduction rate constants under aerobic conditions (0.30 min-1) were even slightly higher than those under anaerobic conditions (0.28 min-1), and the lifetime of the catalytic system was extended. Furthermore, the mechanism of nitrobenzene transformation was speculated based on the identification of intermediate products. To provide guidance for the practical application of this pretreatment strategy, the impact of pH value and widely existing heavy metal ions on photoreduction were also demonstrated. The results from this work provide a novel insight into the integrated control of organic pollutants produced in chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Wang J, Chen H. Catalytic ozonation for water and wastewater treatment: Recent advances and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135249. [PMID: 31837842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation process has been widely applied in water and wastewater treatment, such as for disinfection, for degradation of toxic organic pollutants. However, the utilization efficiency of ozone is low and the mineralization of organic pollutants by ozone oxidation is ineffective, and some toxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) may be formed during ozonation process. Catalytic ozonation process can overcome these problems to some extent, which has received increasing attention in recent years. During catalytic ozonation, catalysts can promote O3 decomposition and generate active free radicals, which can enhance the degradation and mineralization of organic pollutants. In this paper, the history of ozonation application in water treatment was briefly reviewed. The properties of the ozone molecule, the ozonation types and several ozone-based water treatment processes were briefly introduced. Various catalysts for catalytic ozonation, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, such as metal ions, metal oxidizes, carbon-based materials and their possible catalytic mechanisms were analyzed and summarized in detail. Furthermore, some inconsistent results of previous research on catalytic ozonation were analyzed and discussed. The application of catalytic oxidation for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants, including phenols, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and others, was summarized. Finally, several key aspects of catalytic ozonation, such as pH effect, the catalyst performance, the catalytic mechanism were proposed, to which more attention should be paid in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hai Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Hu J, Li Y, Nan S, Yoza BA, Li Y, Zhan Y, Wang Q, Li QX, Guo S, Chen C. Catalytic Ozonation of Nitrobenzene by Manganese-Based Y Zeolites. Front Chem 2020; 8:80. [PMID: 32117897 PMCID: PMC7028746 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation process (COP) is considered as a cost-efficient technology for the treatment of refractory chemical wastewaters. The catalyst performance plays an important role for the treatment efficiency. The present study investigated efficiencies and mechanisms of manganese (Mn)-based Y zeolites in COPs for removing nitrobenzene from water. The catalysts of Mn/NaY and Mn/USY were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, while Mn-USY was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Mn-USY contained a greater ratio of Mn2+ than Mn/NaY, and Mn/USY. Mn oxides loaded on Y zeolites promoted the COP efficiencies. Mn/NaY increased total organic carbon removal in COP by 7.3% compared to NaY, while Mn/USY and Mn-USY increased 11.5 and 15.8%, respectively, relative to USY in COP. Multivalent Mn oxides (Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+) were highly dispersed on the surface of NaY or USY, and function as catalytic active sites, increasing mineralization. Mn-USY showed the highest total organic carbon removal (44.3%) in COP among the three catalysts, because Mn-USY had a higher ratio of Mn2+ to the total Mn oxides on the surface than Mn/NaY and Mn/USY and the catalytic effects from intercorrelations between Mn oxides and mesoporous surface structures. The hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals governed oxidations in COP using Mn-USY. Nitrobenzene was oxidized to polyhydroxy phenol, polyhydroxy nitrophenol, and p-benzoquinone. The intermediates were then oxidized to small organic acids and ultimately carbon dioxide and water. This study demonstrates the potential of Y zeolites used in COP for the treatment of refractory chemical wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingze Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoshuai Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Brandon A Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yifan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, China
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Preparation of the Mn-Fe-Ce/γ-Al2O3 ternary catalyst and its catalytic performance in ozone treatment of dairy farming wastewater. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Liu L, Li Y, Yoza BA, Hao K, Li QX, Li Y, Wang Q, Guo S, Chen C. A char-clay composite catalyst derived from spent bleaching earth for efficient ozonation of recalcitrants in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134395. [PMID: 31678886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is an efficient process that can be utilized to degrade recalcitrant organics. Char-clay composite derived from refinery spent bleaching earth (SBE) is an economical and readily available catalyst that can be used during the ozonation treatment of recalcitrants in wastewater. Four catalysts of SBE-N2-650, SBE-N2-850, SBE-O2-650, and SBE-O2-850 were prepared by heating the SBE at 650 and 850 °C under N2 or O2 conditions. High surface OH sites in the SBE-N2-650 and SBE-O2-650 relative to the SBE-N2-850 and SBE-O2-850 resulted in an increase in catalytic activity. Additional carbon (C), that existed in the SBE-N2-650 and SBE-N2-850, had a positive effect on catalytic activity. The SBE-N2-650 exhibited the highest activity among those prepared catalysts. During catalytic ozonation, the SBE-N2-650 increased the mineralization rate of benzoic acid by 36% when compared with single ozonation. Molecular ozone was decomposed at the surface active sites on SBE-N2-650, generating active •OH, •O2-, or 1O2 species. Gas and liquid products having calorific values that are generated during SBE-N2-650 preparation can be further utilized. This study introduces a potential use of SBE for the ozonation treatment of recalcitrant wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Brandon A Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kanghong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shaohui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, , State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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Yan P, Shen J, Yuan L, Kang J, Wang B, Zhao S, Chen Z. Catalytic ozonation by Si-doped α-Fe2O3 for the removal of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Lee K, Kosaka H, Sato S, Yokoi T, Choi B. Effect of Cu content and zeolite framework of n-C4H10-SCR catalysts on de-NOx performances. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Yoza BA, Li QX, Kou Y, Tang Y, Ye H, Li Y, Chen C. Catalytic Ozonation of Recalcitrant Organic Chemicals in Water Using Vanadium Oxides Loaded ZSM-5 Zeolites. Front Chem 2019; 7:384. [PMID: 31214567 PMCID: PMC6554291 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The discharge of wastewater having recalcitrant chemical compositions can have significant and adverse environmental effects. The present study investigates the application of a catalytic ozonation treatment for the removal of recalcitrant organic chemicals (ROCs) from the water. Novel catalytic materials using vanadium (V) oxides deposited onto the surface of NaZSM-5 zeolites (V/ZSM) were found to be highly efficient for this purpose. The highly-dispersed V oxides (V4+ and V5+) and Si-OH-Al framework structures were determined to promote the surface reaction and generation of hydroxyl radicals. The constructed V1/ZSM450 (0.7 wt% of V loading and 450°C of calcination) exhibited the highest activity among the developed catalyst compositions. The V1/ZSM450-COP increased the mineralization rate of nitrobenzene and benzoic acid by 50 and 41% in comparison to single ozonation. This study demonstrates the enhanced potential of V/ZSM catalysts used with catalytic ozonation process (COP) for the treatment of chemical wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Brandon A. Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yue Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Huangfan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
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Zhao L, Lu Z, Tan S, Ciren J, Tan C. Effects of glucose and starch on the toxicity of nitrobenzene to plants and microbes in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:809-817. [PMID: 30583176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activities of plants, microbial enzyme activities and community structure were analyzed to investigate the effects of glucose and starch on the toxicity of nitrobenzene (NB) to plants and microbes in constructed wetlands (CWs). As the influent NB concentration increased from 10 mg/L to 100 mg/L, the NB removal efficiency of the blank group decreased from 97.1% to 75.02%. However, the NB removal efficiencies of the external carbon source groups were maintained at nearly 100%. External carbon sources accelerated the transformation process of NB to aniline (AN), thus decreasing NB toxicity to the microbes and plants. When the influent NB concentration reached 100 mg/L, the NB removal rates and NB reductase activities of the external carbon source groups were 2.4 times and 4 times higher, respectively, than those of the blank group. Most of the dominant genera found in the three CWs could reduce nitroaromatics to the corresponding aromatic amines according to the results of high-throughput sequencing. The performance of NB removal in the CWs indicated the potential of CWs for NB treatment and the necessity of external carbon sources under high NB concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Zongren Lu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shaowen Tan
- Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha 410014, Hunan, China
| | - Jibao Ciren
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
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Abstract
Catalytic ozonation is believed to belong to advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Over the past decades, heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has received remarkable attention as an effective process for the degradation of refractory organics in wastewater, which can overcome some disadvantages of ozonation alone. Metal oxides, metals, and metal oxides supported on oxides, minerals modified with metals, and carbon materials are widely used as catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation processes due to their excellent catalytic ability. An understanding of the application can provide theoretical support for selecting suitable catalysts aimed at different kinds of wastewater to obtain higher pollutant removal efficiency. Therefore, the main objective of this review article is to provide a summary of the accomplishments concerning catalytic ozonation to point to the major directions for choosing the catalysts in catalytic ozonation in the future.
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Liu J, Cui J, Zhao T, Fan S, Zhang C, Hu Q, Hou X. Fe3O4-CeO2 loaded on modified activated carbon as efficient heterogeneous catalyst. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu J, Wu X, Liu J, Zhang C, Hu Q, Hou X. Ofloxacin degradation by Fe3O4-CeO2/AC Fenton-like system: Optimization, kinetics, and degradation pathways. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Popkov V, Tolstoy V, Nevedomskiy V. Peroxide route to the synthesis of ultrafine CeO 2-Fe 2O 3 nanocomposite via successive ionic layer deposition. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01443. [PMID: 30976704 PMCID: PMC6441835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrafine α-CeO2-α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite was prepared from the ultradispersed nanoparticles of cerium (IV) and iron (III) amorphous hydroxides heat-treated at 600 °С and 900 °С in the air. The initial composites were obtained by the successive ionic layer deposition (SILD) method. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), the cerium/iron ratio in the synthesized nanocomposite is close to 1:2, and the α-CeO2 and α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals are isometrically shaped and have an average size of 4 ± 1 and 7 ± 1 nm (600 °С) and 24 ± 2 and 35 ± 3 nm (900 °С), respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) have shown that nanocrystals are evenly distributed in the composite volume and are spatially conjugated. The formation mechanisms of both initial amorphous composites of cerium (IV) and iron (III) hydroxides and of α-CeO2 and α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals were established. It was shown that synthesis of the initial hydroxide composite using the SILD method proceeds via the formation of amorphous cerium hydroxo-peroxide (CeO(OOH)2). As a result of the study, a schematic mechanism for the formation of a composite based on ultrafine nanocrystals of cerium (IV) and iron (III) oxides has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.I. Popkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian Federation
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
- Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 26 Moskovsky Prospect, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russian Federation
| | - V.P. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian Federation
| | - V.N. Nevedomskiy
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation
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Xu Y, Lin Z, Zheng Y, Dacquin JP, Royer S, Zhang H. Mechanism and kinetics of catalytic ozonation for elimination of organic compounds with spinel-type CuAl 2O 4 and its precursor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2585-2596. [PMID: 30340193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CuAl2O4 based mixed oxides were used as heterogeneous catalysts for ozone activation to degrade organics in aqueous solution. The solids were thoroughly characterized by SEM/EDS, N2 physisorption, XRD, FTIR, Pyridine-FTIR, TEM and XPS. We demonstrated that the solid precursor calcined at 300 °C exhibited the best catalytic ozonation activity with respect to CuAl2O4 spinel phase obtained at higher temperatures. Such performance was attributed to the better textural properties and a higher density of active sites (hydroxyl groups and Lewis acidity). Specifically, the mixed oxide/O3 process allows to reach a near complete color removal of the dye solution (100 mg L-1) in 25 min at neutral pH. Corresponding reaction rate value was measured at 0.112 min-1 and was clearly higher compared with the single oxide ozonation process (0.071 min-1 for CuO/O3 and 0.074 min-1 for Al2O3/O3). Then, we proposed that such catalytic performance was related to a synergistic function between ≡Cu2+ and ≡Al3+, which took part of a mechanism of radical formation. In such mechanism, present ≡Al3+ could act as a reservoir for surface active sites such as hydroxyl groups and Lewis acid sites, while ≡Cu2+ could provide the possibility of electron transfer with ozone for the enhancement of radical generation. We suggested that the interaction between chemisorbed ozone and surface hydroxyl groups initially stabilized on ≡Al3+ initiated the generation of reactive radical species. This interaction led as well to the formation of surface adsorbed HO and few O2- on ≡Cu2+ Lewis acid sites. Besides, the interfacial redox reaction with ozone is favored by the presence of ≡Cu2+ following the sequence of ≡Cu2+/≡Cu+/≡Cu2+ redox cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Dacquin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Royer
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, ENSCL, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Environmental Remediation Material Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Chen C, Yan X, Xu Y, Yoza BA, Wang X, Kou Y, Ye H, Wang Q, Li QX. Activated petroleum waste sludge biochar for efficient catalytic ozonation of refinery wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2631-2640. [PMID: 30463118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of hazardous activated petroleum waste sludge and wastewaters are generated from petroleum refining. The present disposal of the sludge via incineration or landfill may cause secondary pollution as well as additional costs. Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) by catalytic ozonation process (COP) remains a great challenge of developing low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts. Use of waste sludge derived biochar as catalysts in COP of PRW not only solves the solid wastes and wastewaters problems but also improves profitability. The elements of carbon (C), silicon (Si) and metals originally found in activated petroleum waste sludge contribute to the formation of active sites during pyrolysis. The biochar contains functional C groups, SiO structures, and metallic oxides that promote oxidation through the formation of hydroxyl radicals (OHs) mineralizing petroleum contaminants. Catalytic ozonation of PRW using this sludge biochar (SBC) doubles the total organic carbon removal (53.5%) relative to single ozonation (26.9%). Oxygen (Ox)-, nitrogen (NOx)- and sulfur (OxS)-containing contaminants were decreased by 33.4% (989 vs 659), 58.2% (912 vs 384) and 12.5% (384 vs 336). The present study shows the potential of a "wastes-treat-wastes" process for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - YingYing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Brandon A Yoza
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yue Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Huangfan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Xu X, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Tang X, Zhou Z, Zhu Y. Promotion of catalytic ozonation of aniline with Mn-Ce-O x/γ-Al 2O 3. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:339-346. [PMID: 30101769 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Mn-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3 supported catalysts were adopted to promote the removal efficiency of aniline in simulated wastewater with ozone. Mn-Ce-Ox/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation-calcination method. Its phase structure, specific surface area, loading amount and distribution of active units were analyzed by XRD, BET, ICP-AES and TEM/SEM respectively. The characterization results demonstrated that the catalysts had a good dispersion of Mn-Ce-Ox active sites and an abundant porous structure from the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalytic ozonation results showed that with Mn3-Ce1-Ox/γ-Al2O3(1.0), the aniline removal efficiency was highly improved, 15.0% higher than that of ozonation without a catalyst. Furthermore, from the variation in loading amounts of Mn and Ce, it can be seen that the molar ratio of Mn and Ce within the Mn-Ce-Ox plays a key role in accelerating the ozonation of aniline in simulated wastewater with ozone, while Mn:Ce = 1.9:1 showed the best performance. More importantly, the catalysts showed high recycling performance and could be reused at least 12 times without obvious loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Xu
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Remediation, Dalian Maritime University, 116026 Dalian, China E-mail:
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Xu HY, Li B, Shi TN, Wang Y, Komarneni S. Nanoparticles of magnetite anchored onto few-layer graphene: A highly efficient Fenton-like nanocomposite catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 532:161-170. [PMID: 30081262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing a catalyst with high efficiency and recyclability is an important issue for the heterogeneous Fenton-like systems. In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites were prepared by a facile alkaline-thermal precipitation method and employed as a highly effective heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methyl orange (MO) degradation. Characterization of these nanocomposites by XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM and TEM revealed that nanoparticles (NPs) of Fe3O4 were tightly anchored on the few-layer RGO sheets. The anchoring of Fe3O4 NPs and the reduction of GO were achieved in one pot without adding any other reducing agents. Based on the measurements of GO surface Zeta potentials, a possible anchoring mechanism of Fe3O4 NPs onto RGO sheets was given. The Fe3O4/RGO nanocomposites exhibited much higher Fenton-like catalytic efficiency for MO degradation than pure Fe3O4 NPs. This degradation process followed the first-order kinetics model, where k1 and T complied with the Arrhenius equation with Ea of 12.79 kJ/mol and A of 8.20 s-1. Magnetic measurements revealed that Fe3O4/RGO nanocomposites were ferromagnetic as indicated by the presence of magnetic hysteresis loops. The Fe3O4/RGO nanocomposites showed good stability and recyclability. Hydroxyl radicals, OH were determined as the dominant oxidative species in Fe3O4/RGO-H2O2 system and the Fenton-like mechanism for MO degradation in water was proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China; Materials Research Institute and Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, 204 Energy and the Environment Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Tian-Nuo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Sridhar Komarneni
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, 204 Energy and the Environment Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Gong S, Wu X, Zhang J, Han N, Chen Y. Facile solution synthesis of Cu2O–CuO–Cu(OH)2 hierarchical nanostructures for effective catalytic ozone decomposition. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu-Based catalysts obtained at different reaction time present various morphologies, chemical compositions and ozone decomposition activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jilai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ning Han
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment
| | - Yunfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment
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