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Wu S, Luo H, Li S, Zheng Z, Long Q, Wei C, Rong H. Polydopamine/chitosan hydrogels-functionalized polyurethane foams in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles for water disinfection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121858. [PMID: 39018838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
A new facile route to decorate polyurethane foams (PUF) with dense and uniform silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to ensure efficient and long-term water disinfection is proposed. The antibacterial sponge was fabricated by sequential treatment with chitosan hydrogels grafting, polydopamine (PDA) coating, and finally in situ growth of AgNPs on the surface of substrate. The morphologies, chemical composition, crystalline nature, mechanical property, and swelling capacity of the composite were characterized. Its silver release behavior and bactericidal performances against Escherichia coli (E. coli) were evaluated. Results show that the composite demonstrated higher mechanical strength (compression strength, 51.34 kPa) and a rapid swelling rate with an equilibrium swelling ratio of 18.2 g/g. It possessed a higher loading amount of AgNPs (35.87 mg/g) than that of PUF@Ag (8.21 mg/g) and restricted the cumulative silver release of below 0.05% after 24-h immersion in water. Besides, it presented efficient bactericidal activity with complete reduction of E. coli with 10 min of contact time. The strong bactericidal action was probably governed by strengthening the contact between AgNPs immobilized on the substrate and bacteria cells. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated exceptional reusability for five cycles and exhibited a superior processing capacity in the flow test. Finally, the composite could effectively disinfect the natural water sample like a river in 30 min under real conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huayong Luo
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zexin Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingwu Long
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, 528333, China
| | - Chunhai Wei
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Bagdat S, Tokay F, Demirci S, Yilmaz S, Sahiner N. Removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from wastewater using polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogels. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117002. [PMID: 36527951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The removal of the target analytes, Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) from contaminated waters was achieved using super porous polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogels as adsorbent. The optimum values of the sample pH and contact time were determined as 4.0 and 90 min, respectively, for the removal of the analytes. The adsorption capacities of the sorbent were between 19.88 and 24.39 mgg-1 from 10 mL of 50 mgL-1 target metal ion solutions. The sorption kinetics of metal ions were fitted with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms of the target analytes into PEI cryogel were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model as expected from the material homogeneity. The selectivity of the PEI cryogel in the presence of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3-, K+ and Cl- ions even at high concentrations was tested, and the tolerance limits were satisfactory enough, e.g., the adsorption of the target analytes was even not affected in the presence of 2000 mgL-1 Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl- and 5000 mgL-1 NO3- ions. The PEI cryogels were successfully utilized in different industrial wastewater samples that were spiked with a known amount of analytes. The removal of the analytes from wastewater samples was in the following ranges 91.94-99.86% for Cd(II), 89.59-99.89% for Co(II), 80.35-99.76% for Cr(III), 92.02-99.84% for Ni(II), 83.28-99.86% for Pb(II), and 82.94-98.24% for Zn(II), respectively. The presented novel removal strategy offers a selective, efficient, and easy application for target metal ions from industrial wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Bagdat
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 10145, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Feyzullah Tokay
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 10145, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Sahin Demirci
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey; Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Selehattin Yilmaz
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, 17100, Turkey; Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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Hamidi S, Monajjemzadeh F, Siahi‐Shadbad M, Khatibi SA, Farjami A. Antibacterial activity of natural polymer gels and potential applications without synthetic antibiotics. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Farnaz Monajjemzadeh
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Siahi‐Shadbad
- Pharmaceutical and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Khatibi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Afsaneh Farjami
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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4
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Mo F, Zhou Q, He Y. Nano-Ag: Environmental applications and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154644. [PMID: 35307428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are promising bactericidal agents and plasmonic NPs for environmental applications, owing to their various favorable properties. For example, AgNPs enables reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and specific reaction selectivities. In fact, AgNPs-based materials and their antimicrobial, optical, and electrical effects are at the forefront of nanotechnology, having applications in environmental disinfection, elimination of environmental pollutants, environmental detection, and energy conversions. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the advanced applications and fundamental mechanisms to provide the guidelines for future work in the field of AgNPs implanted functional materials. The state-of-art terms including (photo)(electro)catalytic reactions, heterojunction formation, the generation and attacking of ROS, genetic damage, hot electron generation and transfer, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), plasmon resonance energy transfer (PERT), near field electromagnetic enhancement, structure-function relationship, and reaction selectivities have been covered in this review. It is expected that this review may provide insights into the rational development in the next generation of AgNPs-based nanomaterials with excellent performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuqing He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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5
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Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles for Bacteria Disinfection in Water. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101764. [PMID: 35630986 PMCID: PMC9145672 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two green synthesis routes were used for the synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles, using cassava starch as a simple and low-cost effective fuel and Aloe vera as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The Ag/ZnO nanoparticles were characterized and used for bacterial disinfection of lake water contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Characterization indicated the formation of a face-centered cubic structure of metallic silver nanoparticles with no insertion of Ag into the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses described in “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” were used to evaluate the efficiency of the treatment. In comparison to pure ZnO, the synthesized Ag/ZnO nanoparticles showed high efficiencies against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and general coliforms present in the lake water. These pathogens were absent after treatment using Ag/ZnO nanoparticles. The results indicate that Ag/ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry are a promising candidate for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by bacteria, due to their facile preparation, low-cost synthesis, and disinfection efficiency.
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Chithra A, Sekar R, Senthil Kumar P, Padmalaya G. A review on removal strategies of microorganisms from water environment using nanomaterials and their behavioural characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133915. [PMID: 35143869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant findings for microbial removal have led to expertise on several kinds of nanomaterials that made new paths for removing various biological contaminants in a variety of water resources in recent years. Furthermore, advancements in multifunctional nanocomposites synthesis pave the enhanced possibility for their use in water treatment system design. The adsorption towards microbial elimination has been reviewed and compared in this review article using four common kinds of nanomaterials: carbon materials, metal oxides, metal/metal oxides, polymeric metal oxide nanocomposites and their most important mechanistic behavior also discussed. We also describe and analyze recent findings on the effects of engineered nanomaterials on microbial communities in natural and artificial environments. Understanding the removal mechanistic strategy is crucial to improving the nanoparticles (NPs) efficiency and increasing their applicability against a variety of bacteria in various environmental conditions. Also, our study focused on their behavioral effects on microbial structure and functionality towards the removal. Future research opportunities connected to the use of nanomaterials in microbial control and inactivation with societal and health implications are also discussed. We also highlight a number of interesting research subjects that might be of futuristic interest to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chithra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajaseetharama Sekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, 638401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, Tamilnadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - G Padmalaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, Tamilnadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, Tamilnadu, India
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Composite Zn(II) Ferrocyanide/Polyethylenimine Cryogels for Point-of-Use Selective Removal of Cs-137 Radionuclides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154604. [PMID: 34361764 PMCID: PMC8347221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of several approaches to the fabrication of monolith composite cryogels containing transition-metal ferrocyanides for Cs+ ion uptake has been evaluated. Although in the series of investigated metal ion precursors (Cu(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)), in situ formation of the sorption active phase in polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogel was feasible only in the case of Zn(II) ferrocyanide, this approach has shown significant advantages over the immobilization of ex situ synthesized ferrocyanide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of the mixed ferrocyanide Zn1.85K0.33[Fe(CN)6] formed in situ had an average size of 516 ± 146 nm and were homogeneously distributed in the monolith located at the polymer surface rather than embedded in the matrix. The Young modulus of the PEI cryogel increased after modification from 25 to 57 kPa, but composites maintained high permeability to the flow. Sorption of Cs+ ions has been investigated at superficial velocity up to 8 m/h. Steep breakthrough profiles and uptake efficiency of >99.5% until breakthrough point confirmed that a supermacroporous structure of the monolith composite assured good mass transfer, so that intraparticle diffusion was not the limiting stage of sorption kinetics. Application of the rate-constant distribution model (RCD model) to analyze the breakthrough curves of Cs+ sorption allowed the identification of two types of sorption sites with a difference in sorption rate constants of ~1 log unit. Most likely, sorption on “fast” sorption sites was governed by ion exchange between Cs+ ions in solution and K+ ions in the ferrocyanide lattice. Cs-137 radionuclide removal was investigated using the monolith composite columns of various geometries at superficial velocity up to the 6.6 m/h; specific gamma activity was reduced from 265 kBq/L to the background level, showing high potential of these materials for POU application.
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8
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Gong L, Sun J, Zheng P, Lin F, Yang G, Liu Y. Two Birds One Stone: Facile and Controllable Synthesis of the Ag Quantum Dots/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite with Significantly Improved Solar Evaporation Efficiency and Bactericidal Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17649-17657. [PMID: 33821610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial solar evaporation (ISE) is an environmentally friendly and promising water treatment strategy. However, the bactericidal performance of an ISE system during the evaporation process is usually ignored, which may result in potential water safety hazards. In this study, a facile method is presented for the controllable synthesis of Ag quantum dots (QDs)/rGO to simultaneously achieve efficient solar evaporation and evaporated water disinfection. The size of the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) rather than the loading amount is the factor that considerably affects the solar evaporation efficiency and the bactericidal performance. Under 1 sun of irradiation (1 kW·m2), the evaporation rate and solar evaporation efficiency of Ag QDs/rGO are as high as 2.11 kg·m2·h-1 and 94.0%, respectively. Based on E. coli and S. aureus, the bactericidal activity of Ag QDs/rGO in the evaporation process is qualitatively and quantitatively characterized; no bacteria could be detected in the evaporated water. Furthermore, various water samples, including acidic water, alkaline water, dye water, and seawater, are selected to verify the solar evaporation performance of Ag QDs/rGO. When considering complex water samples, the as-prepared material maintains a high evaporation efficiency and an excellent purification effect, indicating attractive potential for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gong
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ji Sun
- School of Emergency Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- National Special Superfine Power Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamic, ChinaXi'an Satellite Control Center, Xi'an 710043, Shanxi, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yousong Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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9
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Zhong X, Tong C, Liu T, Li L, Liu X, Yang Y, Liu R, Liu B. Silver nanoparticles coated by green graphene quantum dots for accelerating the healing of MRSA-infected wounds. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6670-6682. [PMID: 33084664 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01398f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced infection, threatens human health seriously, which has posed great challenges for clinical therapy. The overuse of conventional antibiotics has given rise to bacterial resistance that severely restricts the clinical treatment options of conventional antibiotics. The development of highly effective antibacterial materials and therapeutic strategies to inhibit the multidrug-resistant bacteria-induced infections is of great urgency. Although silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have exhibited certain effectiveness in killing multidrug-resistant bacteria, their antibacterial efficacy and biosafety are still unsatisfactory. In this work, we prepared graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by a green synthesis method with the natural polymer starch as a precursor for uniformly decorating AgNPs to form GQDs coated AgNPs (GQDs@Ag). The nanocomplex was comprehensively characterized, and its antibacterial activity and biosafety were systematically investigated. The characterization results revealed that the successfully constructed GQDs@Ag hybrids with improved dispersion and stability are composed of AgNPs closely and uniformly surrounded by the GQDs. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that GQDs@Ag hybrids with superior biosafety showed a markedly enhanced effect in killing MRSA and accelerating MRSA-infected wound healing as compared to AgNPs alone. Collectively, these results suggest that the biocompatible nanosystem of GQDs@Ag exhibits great potential in clinical application for MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Zhong
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410125, PR China.
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10
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Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Their Impact on the Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091764. [PMID: 32906594 PMCID: PMC7558965 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an uppermost priority area of research in several nations presently because of its enormous capability and financial impact. One of the most promising environmental utilizations of nanotechnology has been in water treatment and remediation where various nanomaterials can purify water by means of several mechanisms inclusive of the adsorption of dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants, inactivation and removal of pathogens, and conversion of harmful materials into less harmful compounds. To achieve this, nanomaterials have been generated in several shapes, integrated to form different composites and functionalized with active components. Additionally, the nanomaterials have been added to membranes that can assist to improve the water treatment efficiency. In this paper, we have discussed the advantages of nanomaterials in applications such as adsorbents (removal of dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and organic contaminants from water), membrane materials, catalytic utilization, and microbial decontamination. We discuss the different carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, fullerenes, etc.), and metal and metal-oxide based nanomaterials (zinc-oxide, titanium dioxide, nano zerovalent iron, etc.) for the water treatment application. It can be noted that the nanomaterials have the ability for improving the environmental remediation system. The examination of different studies confirmed that out of the various nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (e.g., reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, graphene-based metals, and graphene-based metal oxides) with huge surface area and increased purity, outstanding environmental compatibility and selectivity, display high absorption capability as they trap electrons, avoiding their recombination. Additionally, we discussed the negative impacts of nanomaterials such as membrane damage and cell damage to the living beings in the aqueous environment. Acknowledgment of the possible benefits and inadvertent hazards of nanomaterials to the environment is important for pursuing their future advancement.
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Rivière G, Korpi A, Sipponen MH, Zou T, Kostiainen MA, Österberg M. Agglomeration of Viruses by Cationic Lignin Particles for Facilitated Water Purification. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2020; 8:4167-4177. [PMID: 32296616 PMCID: PMC7147264 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus contamination of water is a threat to human health in many countries. Current solutions for inactivation of viruses mainly rely on environmentally burdensome chemical oxidation or energy-intensive ultraviolet irradiation, which may create toxic secondary products. Here, we show that renewable plant biomass-sourced colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) can be used as agglomeration agents to facilitate removal of viruses from water. We used dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (AFM, TEM), and UV spectrophotometry to quantify and visualize adherence of cowpea chlorotic mottle viruses (CCMVs) on CLPs. Our results show that CCMVs form agglomerated complexes with CLPs that, unlike pristine virus particles, can be easily removed from water either by filtration or centrifugation. Additionally, cationic particles formed by adsorption of quaternary amine-modified softwood kraft lignin on the CLPs were also evaluated to improve the binding interactions with these anionic viruses. We foresee that due to their moderate production cost, and high availability of lignin as a side-stream from biorefineries, CLPs could be an alternative water pretreatment material in a large variety of systems such as filters, packed columns, or flocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume
N. Rivière
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Antti Korpi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika Henrikki Sipponen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Tao Zou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- E-mail:
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He J, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Zhao J, Li W, Xie T, Zhong D, Wei Q, Hua S, Yu Y, Yao K, Santos HA, Zhou M. Gold-silver nanoshells promote wound healing from drug-resistant bacteria infection and enable monitoring via surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119763. [PMID: 31978871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infections, caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, constitute a serious problem yet often underappreciated in clinical practice. The in situ monitoring of the bacteria-infected disease is also necessary to track and verify the therapeutic effect. Herein we present a facile approach to overcome the above challenges through a Raman tag 3,3'-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTC)-conjugated gold-silver nanoshells (AuAgNSs). With a strong responsive of the near-infrared laser due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from hybrid metallic nanoshell structure, AuAgNSs exhibits an efficient photothermal effect, and it simultaneously releases silver ions during laser irradiation to bacterial eradicate. Herein, two MDR bacteria strain, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli, are chosen as models and studied both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the AuAgNSs-DTTC substrates enable surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging to provide a non-invasive and extremely high sensitive detection (down to 300 CFU mL-1 for MRSA) and prolonged tracking (at least 8 days) of residual bacteria. In a chronic MRSA-infected wound mouse model, the AuAgNSs gel-mediated photothermal therapy/silver-release leads to a synergistic would healing with negligible toxicity or collateral damage to vital organs. These results suggest that AuAgNSs-DTTC is a promising anti-bacterial tool for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Åbo Akademi University, Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Cancer System Imaging, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Wanli Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Danni Zhong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qiaolin Wei
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shiyuan Hua
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yinhui Yu
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Min Zhou
- Eye Center & Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Lehtonen J, Hassinen J, Honkanen R, Kumar AA, Viskari H, Kettunen A, Pahimanolis N, Pradeep T, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Effects of Chloride Concentration on the Water Disinfection Performance of Silver Containing Nanocellulose-based Composites. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19505. [PMID: 31862996 PMCID: PMC6925197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of microbially-safe drinking water is a challenge in many developing regions. Due to the well-known antibacterial effect of silver ions, materials used for their controlled release have been widely studied for point-of-use water disinfection. However, even if it is in principle known that chloride anions can suppress the antibacterial efficiency of silver, the majority of previous studies, surprisingly, have not focused on chloride concentrations relevant for freshwaters and thus for practical applications. Here, we prepared low-cost nanocellulose-aluminium oxyhydroxide nanocomposites functionalized with silver nanoparticles. Field samples obtained from Chennai, India were used as a guideline for choosing relevant chloride concentrations for the antibacterial studies, i.e., 10, 90, and 290 ppm. The antibacterial performance of the material against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was demonstrated and the influence of chloride concentration on the antibacterial effect was studied with E. coli. A 1 h contact time led to bacterial reductions of 5.6 log10, 2.9 log10, and 2.2 log10, respectively. This indicates that an increase of chloride concentration leads to a substantial reduction of antibacterial efficiency, even within chloride concentrations found in freshwaters. This work enables further insights for designing freshwater purification systems that utilize silver-releasing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Lehtonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka Hassinen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Riina Honkanen
- Industrial Water Ltd., Moreenikatu 2 B, FI-04600, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | - Avula Anil Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Heli Viskari
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Kettunen
- Industrial Water Ltd., Moreenikatu 2 B, FI-04600, Mäntsälä, Finland
| | | | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P. O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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14
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Zhang Y, Yang JCE, Fu ML, Yuan B, Gupta K. One-step fabrication of recycled Ag nanoparticles/graphene aerogel with high mechanical property for disinfection and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophonel. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3381-3391. [PMID: 29726750 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1473503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of smart composites with expected removal property and excellent recycle performance for micro-pollutants including microbes and organic contaminants without formation of second-pollutants is highly desired. In this work, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) homogenously loaded on graphene aerogel (GA) as Ag NPs/GA was facilely fabricated by a one-step process and the composite was characterized in detail. The bactericidal performance of the composite towards escherichia coli (E. coli) was evaluated and the catalytic activity was probed for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Results showed that the composite contains about 44.4 wt% of well-dispersed Ag NPs with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Compared with the bare Ag particles or GA, Ag NPs/GA exhibited an enhanced bactericidal performance for 8-lg of E. coli cells with 100% inactivation rate and catalytic activity for 4-NP with 96.6% degradation rate, respectively. Impressively, the 100% inactivation rates for 8-lg of E. coli remained after 7 recycles and the releasing silver was negligible compared with the loaded Ag NPs. Moreover, the used Ag NPs/GA for the catalytic reduction of 4-NP can be regenerated easily by calcination in inert atmosphere. Hence, Ag NPs/GA can be regarded as a promising and cost-efficient composite for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cheng E Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Lai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Gupta
- Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment (IUE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Urban Water Environmental Eco-Planning and Remediation Engineering Research Center (XMERC) , Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sheehan NP, Plante L, Murray K, Bier P, Martinez E, Ouellette C, Quell K. Distributed treatment systems. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1205-1209. [PMID: 31517427 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This section presents a review of the scientific literature published in 2018 on topics relating to distributed treatment systems. This review is divided into the following sections: constituent removal, treatment technologies, planning and treatment management, and other topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Sheehan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Luke Plante
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Kyle Murray
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Peter Bier
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Erick Martinez
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Charles Ouellette
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
| | - Kimberly Quell
- Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
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16
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Cheng R, Kang M, Zhuang S, Wang S, Zheng X, Pan X, Shi L, Wang J. Removal of bacteriophage f2 in water by Fe/Ni nanoparticles: Optimization of Fe/Ni ratio and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:995-1003. [PMID: 30179827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses in water are seriously harmful to human health and highly resistant to conventional disinfections. As a kind of promising attempts for pollution remediation, Fe-based nanoparticles show excellent performance in removing contaminants. In this study, the Fe/Ni nanoparticles (Fe/Ni NPs) were synthesized using the self-designed device and used for bacteriophage inactivation in water. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the as-prepared Fe/Ni particles were spherical and the average particle size was 93 nm. The synthesized Fe/Ni NPs achieved much higher removal efficiency of bacteriophage f2 than nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), while Ni nanoparticles (Ni NPs) showed no removal effect on the bacteriophage f2. The highest removal efficiency of bacteriophage f2 by Fe/Ni NPs was obtained when the primary ratio of Fe:Ni was 5:1. In addition, the removal efficiency of phage f2 under aerobic condition was significantly higher than that under anaerobic condition with Fe/Ni NPs, and the role of Ni was proved as a catalyst in the system. Besides, the effect of initial pH, initial concentration of bacteriophage f2, particles dose, rotation rate, and temperature on the removal efficiency of bacteriophage f2 were studied. The result showed that the removal efficiency of bacteriophage f2 did not change obviously in the test pH range (5-8), and was positively related with the rotation rate and negatively related with the initial concentration of bacteriophage f2. The particles dose could increase the removal efficiency of phage f2, but the removal efficiency would decrease when the dose was too much due to the aggregation of nanoparticles. The increase of temperature could increase the removal efficiency initially, but decrease the removal efficiency finally due to the accelerated corrosion of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cheng
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Mi Kang
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Shuting Zhuang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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17
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Fan M, Gong L, Sun J, Wang D, Bi F, Gong Z. Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Coating Ag NPs Embedded Filter Paper with Chitosan for Better and Durable Point-of-Use Water Disinfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38239-38245. [PMID: 30360092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, porous chitosan (CS) coated Ag NPs embedded filter paper (CAEFP) was fabricated for point-of-use water disinfection application. Thanks for the presence of CS coating, the tensile strength of the CAEFP in wet condition was found to be 1.8 MPa, 700% increase compared with where there was no CS coating, making it much more durable. In addition, the coating with CS could greatly boost the Ag NPs loading without worrying about the excessive release of Ag into the treated water, thereby significantly improving the bactericidal efficiency but still be safe to drink in terms of Ag release. Furthermore, by controlling the amount of CS used, the flow rate and bactericidal efficiency of the CAEFP could be manipulated (customized). When the CS content increased from 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, the flow rate of CAEFP would drop from 9.3 to 0.53 L/min/m2, and the bactericidal efficiency against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis could improve from 4 and 3.6 to 4.9 and 4.8 log reduction, respectively. At optimum condition, the total Ag in treated water by CAEFP was below 45 μg/L, only 1/10 of that from Ag NPs loaded filter paper without CS coating, half of the WHO drinking water requirement (<100 μg/L). Natural surface water samples were used for the demonstration of the bactericidal performance of the CAEFP. Both the total bacterial and E. coli counts met the WHO standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Fan
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
- State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Lin Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Ji Sun
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Feng Bi
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031 , China
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18
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Tan X, Chen C, Hu Y, Wen J, Qin Y, Cheng J, Chen Y. Novel AgNWs-PAN/TPU membrane for point-of-use drinking water electrochemical disinfection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:408-417. [PMID: 29753229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The safety of drinking water remains a major challenge in developing countries and point-of-use (POU) drinking water treatment device plays an important role in decentralised drinking water safety. In this study, a novel material, i.e. a silver nanowires-polyacrylonitrile/thermoplastic polyurethane (AgNWs-PAN/TPU) composite membrane, was fabricated via electrospinning and vacuum filtration deposition. Morphological and structural characterisation showed that the PAN/TPU fibres had uniform diameters and enhanced mechanical properties. When added to these fibres, the AgNWs formed a highly conductive network with good physical stability and low silver ion leaching (<100 ppb). A POU device equipped with a AgNWs-PAN/TPU membrane displayed complete removal of 105 CFU/mL bacteria, which were inactivated by silver ions released from the AgNWs within 6 h. Furthermore, under a voltage of 1.5 V, the bacteria were completely inactivated within 20-25 min. Inactivation efficiency in 5 mM NaCl solution was higher than those in Na2SO4 and NaNO3 solutions. We concluded that a strong electric field was formed at the AgNW tips. Additionally, silver ions and chlorine compounds worked synergistically in the disinfection process. This study provides a scientific basis for research and development of silver nanocomposite membranes, with high mechanical strength and high conductivity, for POU drinking water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tan
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yongyou Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junjie Wen
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yanzhe Qin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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