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Li H, Li S, Zhang M, Li X, Xu Z, Ma H, Liang S, Song D, Li J, Ma Y, Qin H, Ji D. Typhoon-induced stormwater drives nutrient dynamics and triggers phytoplankton blooms in Laizhou Bay, China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106473. [PMID: 38676969 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the hydrological and ecological impacts of heavy rainfall caused by the storm Rumbia and Typhoon Lekima on Laizhou Bay (LZB) through land‒sea synchronous field surveys, online remote sensors, and simulated enclosure experiments. Within two weeks of Rumbia, approximately 9% and 16% of the annual riverine total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) fluxes, respectively, were transported to the LZB and the proportions were 17% and 35%, respectively, for Lekima. The land use on the watersheds increased the rates of land-derived nutrient loading and altered their biogeochemical forms. Consequently, the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) in the LZB increased by 2.6 and 1.0 times post-Rumbia and by 3.5 and 1.3 times post-Lekima, respectively. Relatively lower salinity and temperature, sudden increases in DIN, and strengthened coastal currents stimulated the growth of highly adaptable and small diatoms, resulting in the first diatom blooms. Subsequently, a bloom of Noctiluca scintillans formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mingzheng Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiuren Li
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zehao Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Haoyang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Dehai Song
- Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junlong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Huawei Qin
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Diansheng Ji
- Yantai Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Yantai, 264000, China
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Li D, Pan B, Han X, Li J, Zhu Q, Li M. Assessing the potential to use CDOM as an indicator of water quality for the sediment-laden Yellow river, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117970. [PMID: 34426192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rivers is mainly affected by natural conditions and human activities and can reflect the watershed pollution status to a certain extent. The Yellow River is one of the largest contributors to the global riverine sediment flux from the land to ocean, and there is a paucity of information on how the optical properties of CDOM have the potential to serve as an indicator of water quality for the sediment-laden Yellow River. In this study, a three-dimensional fluorescence parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis method was applied to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in CDOM fluorescence components and spectral characteristics from the source region to the estuary in the mainstream of Yellow River. The relationships of CDOM with water quality indicators and trophic state were also analyzed. Six PARAFAC components (C1-C6) were identified and grouped into two categories: humic-like components (C1-C4), which accounted for 85.8 %, and protein-like components (C5 and C6), which accounted for only 14.2 %. The CDOM components, spectral parameters, and their clear correlations with the main ions (Na+ and Cl-) all indicated that the humic-like components may be primarily derived from nonpoint source erosion, and the protein-like components were mainly derived from point source discharges in the watershed. The combination of the CDOM absorption coefficient at 254 nm (a(254)), spectral slope ratio (SR), specific UV absorbance SUVA254, and fluorescence index (FI) had a good predictive ability for the key water quality indicators (total nitrogen (TN), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and chlorophyll a (Chl a)) and trophic state index (TSI). Therefore, some fluorophores and UV spectral parameters of CDOM in the Yellow River can be used for rapid water quality monitoring and pollution source indication, especially pollutants related to nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baozhu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Wang X, Tong Y, Chang Q, Lu J, Ma T, Zhou F, Li J. Source identification and characteristics of dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation potential using EEM-PARAFAC in the Manas River, China. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28476-28487. [PMID: 35478594 PMCID: PMC9038026 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in natural water and reacts with disinfectants to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). The analysis of DOM in raw water is helpful in evaluating the formation potential of DBPs. However, there is relatively little research on the DOM identification of raw water in northern China. In this study, the sources and characteristics of DOM were investigated in the samples collected from the Manas River. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), UV254, specific ultraviolet absorbance, and fluorescence indices (fluorescence index, humification index, and biological index) were measured to characterize the DOM, and trihalomethanes (THMs) were quantified following formation potential tests with free chlorine. The maximum amount of total trihalomethane formation potential (THMsFP) was 225.57 μg L−1. The DOM of the Manas River consisted of microorganisms and soil resources. The excitation–emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) identified microbial humus (C1, 54%) and tryptophan-like protein (C2, 46%). PARAFAC components were evaluated as the precursor surrogate parameters of THMsFP. Additionally, the linear THMsFP correlation was stronger with C1 + C2 (r = 0.529, p < 0.01) than with C1 (r = 0.485, p < 0.01). Thus, C1 + C2 is an accurate THMsFP precursor surrogate parameter for the Manas River, and the use of fluorescence spectroscopy may be a robust alternative for predicting DOC removal. Humic-like and protein-like components were identified by PARAFAC. THMs FP was significantly correlated with components C1 and C1 + C2. The source, types and humification degree of DOM affect the formation of DBPs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Yanbin Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Qigang Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Teng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Fangdong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan Xinjiang 832003 China
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Xu X, Kang J, Shen J, Zhao S, Wang B, Zhang X, Chen Z. EEM-PARAFAC characterization of dissolved organic matter and its relationship with disinfection by-products formation potential in drinking water sources of northeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145297. [PMID: 33611000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs) which is widely found in the aquatic environment. The analysis of DOM in raw water is helpful to evaluate the formation potentials of DBPs. However, there is relatively little research on the DOM identification of raw water in northern China. In this study, the variation in DOM in M reservoir water in one year by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) was investigated to evaluate the DBP formation potential (DBPFP). The results suggested that five components, namely, two humic-like substances (C2, C3), two fulvic-like substances (C1, C4) and one protein-like substance (C5), were identified in the DOM of M reservoir water. The content of DOM in autumn and winter was higher than that in spring and summer. The source of DOM in the water body of M reservoir was mainly from terrestrial source, but less from aquatic source. The source, types and humification degree of DOM affect the formation of DBPs. The formation potential of DBPs had the following order: trihalomethanes (THMs) > dichloroacetic acid (TCAA) > trichloroacetic acid (DCAA) > chloral hydrate (CH). The formation potentials of THM and TCAA were strongly correlated with C2 (rTHM = 0.805, rTCAA = 0.857). The formation potential of CH has a good correlation with C1 (r = 0.722). The formation of DCAA has a good correlation with C4 (r = 0.787). DOM and DBPFP were negatively correlated with the biological index (BIX) and fluorescence index (FI) of the raw water, and positively correlated with the humification index (HIX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jimin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Shengxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Binyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Extreme Weather Events Enhance DOC Consumption in a Subtropical Freshwater Ecosystem: A Multiple-Typhoon Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061199. [PMID: 34206081 PMCID: PMC8230144 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that the frequency/intensity of extreme weather events might increase in a warming climate. It remains unclear how these events quantitatively impact dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a pool approximately equal to CO2 in the atmosphere. This study conducted a weekly-to-biweekly sampling in a deep subtropical reservoir in the typhoon-prevailing season (June to September) from 2004 to 2009, at which 33 typhoons with distinctive precipitation (<1~362 mm d-1) had passed the study site. Our analyses indicated that the phosphate (i.e., DIP; <10~181 nMP) varied positively with the intensity of the accumulated rainfall 2-weeks prior; bacteria growth rate (0.05~3.68 d-1) behaved as a positive function of DIP, and DOC concentrations (54~119 µMC) changed negatively with bacterial production (1.2~26.1 mgC m-3 d-1). These implied that the elevated DIP-loading in the hyperpycnal flow induced by typhoons could fuel bacteria growth and cause a significant decline of DOC concentrations. As the typhoon's intensity increases, many mineral-limited lentic freshwater ecosystems might become more like a CO2 source injecting more CO2 back to the atmosphere, creating a positive feedback loop that might generate severer extreme weather events.
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Yeh T, Krennmayr K, Liao C, Ejarque E, Schomakers J, Huang J, Zehetner F, Hein T. Effects of terrigenous organic substrates and additional phosphorus on bacterioplankton metabolism and exoenzyme stoichiometry. FRESHWATER BIOLOGY 2020; 65:1973-1988. [PMID: 33288968 PMCID: PMC7689783 DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo, as a pioneer vegetation, often forms forests on bare lands after catastrophic landslides. Compared to evergreen forest soil, bamboo forest soil is much more labile, with a higher percentage of microbially derived organic carbon (OC), lower molecular weight, and lower humic acid content. We hypothesised that different terrigenous organic matter (tOM) sources with varying lability and phosphorus (P) availability select for bacterioplankton with distinct metabolic pathways.We incubated natural bacterioplankton assemblages with tOM leached from bamboo forest soil (BOM) and evergreen forest soil (EOM) and compared these to a lake water control. To test if microbial metabolism would be limited by OC or P availability of each tOM treatment, we used acetate as an extra labile OC source and phosphate as an inorganic P source. Bacterial metabolism was measured by analysing respiration via O2 consumption and production via tritiated thymidine (TdR) assimilation.Bacterioplankton metabolism is limited by the availability of P in BOM substrates. When using BOM, bacteria had higher enzymatic activities for phosphatase. The nutrients required for bacterial biomass seemed to be derived from organic matter. Under BOM treatment, bacterial production (BP) (0.92 ± 0.13 μg C L-1 hr-1) and cell specific TdR assimilation rates (0.015 ± 0.002 10-18 M TdR cell-1 hr-1) were low. Adding P enhanced BP (BOM+P 1.52 ± 0.31 and BOM+C+P 2.25 ± 0.37 μg C L-1 hr-1) while acetate addition had no significant effect on BOM treatment.This indicated that the bacteria switched to using added inorganic P to respire a P-limited BOM substrate, which increased total BP and abundance, resulting in even more active respiration and lower growth efficiency. We also found higher activities for chitin-degrading enzyme β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, which is associated with N mining from aminosaccharides.Microbes using EOM, however, did not change metabolic strategies with additional acetate or/and inorganic P. This is due to higher concentrations of organic P in EOM substrates and the presence of inorganic N in the EOM leachates an alternative nutrient source. Bacteria produced β-glucosidase and leucyl-aminopeptidase in order to utilise the humic substances, which sustained greater bacterial abundance, higher BP (2.64 ± 0.39 μg C L-1 hr-1), and lower cell-specific respiration. This yielded a much higher bacterial growth efficiency (15 ± 9.2%) than the lake water control.Our study demonstrated the aquatic metabolic discrepancy between tOM of different forest types. Bacterioplankton in BOM and EOM exhibit distinct metabolic responses. Bacterial metabolic strategy when using BOM implied that the supposedly stabilised biomass OM might be efficiently used by aquatic bacterioplankton. As the labile and nutrient-deficient BOM is more susceptible to the influence of additional nutrients, fertiliser residues in bamboo forest catchments might have a stronger effect on aquatic bacterial metabolic pathways. Thus, it is important to take tOM differences into consideration when building models to estimate soil carbon turnover rates along a terrestrial-aquatic continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tz‐Ching Yeh
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- WasserCluster Lunz (WCL) Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
| | - Kathrin Krennmayr
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Chien‐Sen Liao
- Department of Civil and Ecological EngineeringI‐Shou UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | | | - Jasmin Schomakers
- Institute of Soil ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Jr‐Chuan Huang
- Department of GeographyNational Taiwan University (NTU)TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- WasserCluster Lunz (WCL) Biological StationLunz am SeeAustria
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Lian H, Yen H, Huang JC, Feng Q, Qin L, Bashir MA, Wu S, Zhu AX, Luo J, Di H, Lei Q, Liu H. CN-China: Revised runoff curve number by using rainfall-runoff events data in China. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115767. [PMID: 32283435 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The curve number (CN) method developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1954 is the most common adopted method to estimate surface runoff. For years, applicability of the CN method is a conundrum when implementing to other countries. Specifically, countries with more complex natural environment may require more dedicated adjustments. Therefore, the current CN look-up table provided by USDA might not be appropriate and could be questionable to be applied directly to regions elsewhere. Some studies have been conducted to modify CN values according to specified natural characteristics in scattered regions of mainland China. However, an integral and representative work is still not available to address potential concerns in general matters. In this study, a large set of rainfall-runoff monitoring data were collected to adjust CN values in 55 study sites across China. The results showed that the revised CN values are largely different from CN look-up table provided by USDA, which would lead to huge errors in runoff estimation. In this study, the revised CN (dubbed CN-China) provides better reference guidelines that are suitable for most natural conditions in China. In addition, scientists and engineers from other parts of the world can take advantage of the proposed work to enhance the quality of future programs related to surface runoff estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Haw Yen
- Blackland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M Agrilife Research, Texas A&M University, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Qingyu Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lihuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Shuxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - A-Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Hongjie Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Qiuliang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China.
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 10081, China.
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Chiu TP, Huang WS, Chen TC, Yeh YL. Fluorescence Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Percolation Water and Lateral Seepage Affected by Soil Solution (S-S) in a Lysimeter Test. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19184016. [PMID: 31533366 PMCID: PMC6767287 DOI: 10.3390/s19184016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The composition and structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are sensitive indicators that guide the water infiltration process in soil. The DOM chemical composition in seepage affects river water quality and changes soil organic matter (SOM). In this lysimeter test study, fluorescence spectra and optical indices were used to examine the interaction between the percolation water (P-W) and leachate water (L-W) DOMs affected by the soil solution (S-S). The L-W DOM had a higher aromaticity (SUVA254), average molecular weight (S275-295) and terrestrial source (fluorescence index (FI)), but fewer autochthonous sources (biological index (BIX)) than the P-W DOM. Organic carbon standardization (OCS) and protein- (PLF), fulvic- (FLF) and humic-like fluorescence (HLF) intensity showed that L-W DOM increased 44%, 55% and 81%, respectively, compared to the P-W DOM. The linear regression slopes between OCS FLF and PLF were 0.62, 1.74 and 1.79 for P-W, L-W and S-S, respectively. The slopes between OCS HLF and PLF were 0.15, 0.58 and 0.64 for P-W, L-W and S-S, respectively. The P-W DOM was in contact with the soil litter layer, where S-S labile lignin phenolic compounds released and dissolved into the L-W DOM. This increased its aromaticity, and extent of humification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Pao Chiu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiang Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Shih YT, Chen PH, Lee LC, Liao CS, Jien SH, Shiah FK, Lee TY, Hein T, Zehetner F, Chang CT, Huang JC. Dynamic responses of DOC and DIC transport to different flow regimes in a subtropical small mountainous river. HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 2019; 22:6579-6590. [PMID: 31105411 PMCID: PMC6522373 DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-6579-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transport of riverine dissolved carbon (including DOC and DIC) is a crucial process linking terrestrial and aquatic C reservoirs, but has rarely been examined in subtropical small mountainous rivers (SMRs). This study monitored DOC and DIC concentrations on a biweekly basis during non-event flow periods and at 3 h intervals during two typhoon events in three SMRs in southwestern Taiwan between January 2014 and August 2016. Two models, HBV (the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning model) and a three-endmember mixing model, were applied to determine the quantities of DOC and DIC transport from different flow paths. The results show that the annual DOC and DIC fluxes were 2.7-4.8 and 48.4-54.3 t C km-2 yr-1, respectively, which were approx. 2 and 20 times higher than the global mean of 1.4 and 2.6 t C km-2 yr-1, respectively. The DIC / DOC ratio was 14.08, which is much higher than the mean of large rivers worldwide (1.86), and indicates the high rates of chemical weathering in this region. The two typhoons contributed 12%-14% of the annual streamflow in only 3 days (about 1.0% of the annual time), whereas 15.0%-23.5% and 9.2%-12.6% of the annual DOC and DIC flux, respectively, suggested that typhoons play a more important role in DOC transport than DIC transport. The end-member mixing model suggested that DOC and DIC export was mainly from surface runoff and deep groundwater, respectively. The unique patterns seen in Taiwan SMRs characterized by high dissolved carbon flux, high DIC / DOC ratio, and large transport by intense storms should be taken into consideration when estimating global carbon budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Shih
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hao Chen
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Jien
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National PingTung University of Science & Technology, PingTung, Taiwan
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Lunz, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz (WCL), Inter-university Research Institute, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chung-Te Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee LC, Hsu TC, Lee TY, Shih YT, Lin CY, Jien SH, Hein T, Zehetner F, Shiah FK, Huang JC. Unusual Roles of Discharge, Slope and SOC in DOC Transport in Small Mountainous Rivers, Taiwan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1574. [PMID: 30733531 PMCID: PMC6367504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC), responsible for riverine productivity, is rarely documented in subtropical small mountainous rivers (SMRs) where high rainfall and steep slopes are the main features. This study investigated the DOC export at eight sites in three Taiwan SMRs to characterize the dynamics and controlling factors of DOC transport. Results showed that the mean DOC concentration of ~0.78 mg L−1 is much lower than the global average of ~5.29 mg L−1. However, the mean DOC yield, ~22.51 kg-C ha−1 yr−1, is higher than the global average of 14.4–19.3 kg-C ha−1 yr−1. Comparing with worldwide rivers from literature, the annual discharge, slope, and SOC (soil organic carbon) are controlling factors as expected, though they influence in different ways. SOC stock likely regulated by elevation-dependent biomes dominate the DOC supply, while slope restrains the DOC generation due to shallow soil depth and fast runoff velocity. However, the abundant discharge flushing this persistent low supply leads to a large DOC export in the SMRs. Furthermore, the DOC dynamics during typhoon periods showed a clockwise hysteresis, suggesting that the DOC is mainly from the riparian zone or downslope area during the rising limb of the hydrograph. This study elucidates the DOC transport in SMRs and provides an atypical yet significant piece of understanding on DOC transport in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chin Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Hsu
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Shih
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yao Lin
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hao Jien
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Ping Tung University of Science and Technology, Ping Tung, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Hein
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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