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Piscia R, Manca M, Caroni R, Guilizzoni P, Bettinetti R. Zooplankton taxa repository of DDT tot and sumPCB 14: Seasonal and decadal variations in Lake Maggiore. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170563. [PMID: 38296082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lake Maggiore has been the subject of a monitoring program on persistent organic pollutants (DDTs and PCBs) since 1996 when DDT contamination was first detected. In this context, in 2009 we started to estimate the concentration of DDTtot (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, sum of p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, o,p-DDD, p,p-DDE, o,p-DDE) and sumPCB14 (polychlorinated biphenyls 18, 28, 31, 44, 52, 101, 118, 149, 138, 153, 170, 180, 194 and 209) in zooplankton pelagic organisms preyed on by zooplanktivorous fish (size fraction ≥450 μm). We evaluated taxa specific repositories of DDTtot and sumPCB14, their seasonal variation, their changes over the period 2009-2021 and the potential contribution of different taxa in transferring toxicants to whitefish, based on the Ivlev's Electivity Index. The repository of both POPs was generally higher in spring. A decrease in the zooplankton Standing Stock Biomass (SSB) drove a decline in the zooplankton DDTtot repository over the last six years (2016-2021 SSBmean = 12.5 mg m-3; 2009-2015; SSBmean = 30 mg m-3), despite the concentration being broadly constant during this period. The sumPCB14 repository was generally characterized by lower values during the last six years, but the difference with the previous period was not so marked. Daphnia and cyclopoids were the major contributors to the repository; however, when the whitefish selectivity index was applied, the role of carnivorous Bythotrephes was more important to the detriment of cyclopoids, particularly in summer and winter. Our results are useful to elaborate predictive models on the transfer of POPs along the food chain and highlight not only the importance of freshwater zooplankton in toto, but also that different taxa can have different roles. The increasing importance of microphagous zooplankton, driven by water warming and extended thermal stratification, underlines the need for future studies on the role of small zooplankton as carriers of POPs in freshwater lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Piscia
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Marina Manca
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Rossana Caroni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council, Via Bassini, 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Guilizzoni
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation for the Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
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Wang QY, Zhang L, Han XY, Wang DM, Ding ML, Cheng D, He QL, Liu SZ. 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis mediated by AhR/Cyp1a1 in mouse germ cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130547. [PMID: 37055962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental organic pollutants widely used in industry that can bioaccumulate and affect the reproductive systems of male animals of different species. 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) is a representative of the 209 toxic PCB congeners. In this study, male mice were exposed to PCB118 at 0, 50, and 500 μg/kg/day for 35 days beginning 3-4 weeks after birth. The results of the study showed that PCB118 exposure during puberty reduced testicular quality, caused tissue damage, decreased sperm motility and sperm count, and increased malformation and testicular cell apoptosis in mice. Moreover, PCB118 increased the oxidative stress levels in sperm and testicular tissue and the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Cyp1a1 and siginificantly decreased the level of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The results indicate that PCB118 can activate the AhR/Cyp1a1 pathway and inhibit Nrf2 expression to aggravate testicular oxidative stress and induce cell apoptosis, resulting in testicular and sperm quality damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Ming-Long Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qi-Long He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shu-Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China.
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Piscia R, Bettinetti R, Caroni R, Boldrocchi G, Manca M. Seasonal and plurennial changes of POPs repository in freshwater zooplankton: A 10-year study in the large deep subalpine Lake Maggiore (Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159379. [PMID: 36228801 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Determining the concentration of POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) such as total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTtot) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the zooplankton is essential for evaluating the level of toxicity in the environment and the risk to ecosystem health. The extent to which POPs persist in the environment and affect human health depends on accumulation in the different components of the zooplankton community such as particle feeders and/or predators and their subsequent consumption by fish, which varies seasonally. We analyzed ten-years (2011-2020) of seasonal data on POPs in the crustacean zooplankton community of Lake Maggiore (Italy). The concentration of total DDTs, as sum of all congeners ranged between 23.5 and 156.9 ng/g dry weight, while sumPCB14 ranged from 24.4 and 133.6 ng/g dry weight. We traced particle feeders' vs predatory taxa within the zooplankton community using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic values. POPs concentration was significantly related to the nitrogen isotopic values. The zooplankton biomass increase in Spring was important, both through this being a period of increased metabolism and activity of planktivorous fish and also as it was the period when the zooplankton repository of POPs was at a maximum. DDTtot stocked in zooplankton ≥450 μm was up to 275 ng/m2, while sumPCB14 was 285 ng/m2 in 2013. A decrease of DDTtot stocked in the zooplankton repository characterized the last five years examined, when mean annual values (14.8-56.9 ng/m2) were less than half those of the previous period (50.7-128.6 ng/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Bettinetti
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
| | | | - Ginevra Boldrocchi
- Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy.
| | - Marina Manca
- CNR-IRSA, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania, Italy.
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Mosconi G, Di Cesare F, Arioli F, Nobile M, Tedesco DEA, Chiesa LM, Panseri S. Organohalogenated Substances and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish from Mediterranean Sea and North Italian Lakes: Related Risk for the Italian Consumers. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152241. [PMID: 35954008 PMCID: PMC9367995 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary source of persistent organic pollutant (POP) exposure is food, especially fish. European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are among the most eaten sea fish in Italy. Fish from lakes in Northern Italy, such as agone (Alosa agone), represent niche consumption for most people, but possibly constitute a much larger percentage of overall consumption volume for local residents. This study dealt with the presence of POPs in the above-mentioned fish species via GC-MS/MS analysis. None of the analytes for which maximum limits are in place showed concentrations above those limits. Moreover, none of the substances without maximum limits exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) when given, nor did they exceed the more general values considered safe, even for 99th percentile consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (M.N.); Tel.: +39-0250334611 (F.A. & M.N.)
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (M.N.); Tel.: +39-0250334611 (F.A. & M.N.)
| | - Doriana E. A. Tedesco
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via G.Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca M. Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (G.M.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.); (S.P.)
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Debela SA, Sheriff I, Goyomsa GG, Guta AT, Gebrehiwot M. Management of polychlorinated biphenyls stockpiles and contaminated sites in Africa: A review of 34 countries. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134133. [PMID: 35271893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial chemicals that are designated as persistent organic pollutants. They were used for the production of multifarious products but their manufacture, and uses were banned under the Stockholm convention which took effect in 2004. The parties to the convention had prepared national implementation plans (NIPs) detailing management measures for persistent organic pollutants including PCBs. In the current review, the NIPs of 34 African countries were reviewed to assess the size of PCBs stockpiles, their storage conditions, and the management of PCBs contaminated sites. The results showed that each of the African countries examined, except Egypt, has stored PCBs stockpiles in open fields. There are several PCBs contaminated sites scattered across African countries with Malawi having the largest number of contaminated sites, 211 as of 2005. Many of these sites are not well managed and there are only few monitoring activities of the levels of PCBs. Thus, strict implementation of the Stockholm Convention and the NIPs to reduce the PCBs stockpiles size, and appropriate management of PCBs are required in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Abebe Debela
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Selale University, Fiche, Ethiopia.
| | - Ishmail Sheriff
- Department of Public Health, College of Human Resource Development, 8 Black Street Drive, Off Alusine Kala Drive, Magbenteh, Makeni, Sierra Leone.
| | - Girma Garedew Goyomsa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Selale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Teshome Guta
- Belfield Graduate School of Economics and Management, Belfield University, Belfield, Germany
| | - Mesfin Gebrehiwot
- Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, P.O.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Zooplankton as Mercury Repository in Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy): Biomass Composition and Stable Isotope Analysis. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were analyzed in zooplankton (≥450 and ≥850 µm size fractions) collected seasonally over 6 years in Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy), characterized by a legacy mercury contamination. Analysis of δ 15N and δ13C stable isotopes was carried out to trace how taxa with different trophic levels and carbon sources contributed to mercury concentrations and trends. THg ranged between 44–213 µg kg−1 d.w. and MeHg 15–93 µg kg−1 d.w., representing 24–61% of THg. Values showed strong seasonal variations, with peaks in winter, due to the high biomass of predator taxa (Bythotrephes longimanus, Leptodora kindtii) and of Daphnia longispina-galeata gr. A positive correlation between THg and MeHg and δ15N signature was observed. D. longispina-galeata gr. prevailed in both size fractions, substantially contributing to THg and MeHg concentrations. Δ13C signature was strictly bound to lake thermal circulation dynamics. Mercury stock in the zooplankton compartment ranged between 19–140 ng THg m−2 and 6–44 ng MeHg m−2 for the ≥450 µm size fraction and between 2–66 ng THg m−2 and 1–7 ng MeHg m−2 for the ≥850 µm fraction, with the highest values in spring when zooplanktivorous fish actively prey in the pelagic zone. The results highlighted the crucial role of zooplankton as a repository of mercury, easily available to higher trophic levels.
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Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters: Insights from the Most Inhabited Italian Region. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of freshwaters allows the detection of the impacts of multiple anthropic uses and activities on aquatic ecosystems, and an eco-sustainable management of natural resources could limit these impacts. In this work, we highlighted two main issues affecting inland waters, referring to findings from the most inhabited Italian region (Lombardy, approximately 10 M inhabitants): the first issue is lake pollution by old generation pesticides, the second is river development for hydropower. In both cases, some management strategies reducing the anthropic impacts on freshwaters were discussed: organic farming and biocontrol as an alternative to diffuse pollution by agrochemicals; environmental flows and controlled sediment flushing operations to limit the hydropower impact on rivers. Although the two mentioned issues were discussed separately in this paper, the management of water resources should be carried out in a comprehensive way, accounting for the multiple impacts affecting freshwater ecosystems, including those related to the climate changes.
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Lebelo K, Malebo N, Mochane MJ, Masinde M. Chemical Contamination Pathways and the Food Safety Implications along the Various Stages of Food Production: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5795. [PMID: 34071295 PMCID: PMC8199310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Historically, chemicals exceeding maximum allowable exposure levels have been disastrous to underdeveloped countries. The global food industry is primarily affected by toxic chemical substances because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Food safety is therefore threatened due to contamination by chemicals throughout the various stages of food production. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the form of pesticides and other chemical substances such as Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) have a widely documented negative impact due to their long-lasting effect on the environment. This present review focuses on the chemical contamination pathways along the various stages of food production until the food reaches the consumer. The contamination of food can stem from various sources such as the agricultural sector and pollution from industrialized regions through the air, water, and soil. Therefore, it is imperative to control the application of chemicals during food packaging, the application of pesticides, and antibiotics in the food industry to prevent undesired residues on foodstuffs. Ultimately, the protection of consumers from food-related chemical toxicity depends on stringent efforts from regulatory authorities both in developed and underdeveloped nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso Lebelo
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ntsoaki Malebo
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Mokgaotsa Jonas Mochane
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa; (N.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Muthoni Masinde
- Centre for Sustainable SMART Cities, Central University of Technology, Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa;
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Goodbred S, Rosen MR, Patiño R, Alvarez D, Echols K, King K, Umek J. Movement of synthetic organic compounds in the food web after the introduction of invasive quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) in Lake Mead, Nevada and Arizona, USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141845. [PMID: 32892044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Introductions of dreissenid mussels in North America have been a significant concern over the last few decades. This study assessed the distribution of synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) in the food web of Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona, USA and how this distribution was influenced by the introduction of invasive quagga mussels. A clear spatial gradient of SOC concentrations in water was observed between lake basins downstream of populated areas and more rural areas. Within the food web, trophic magnification factors (TMF) indicated statistically significant biomagnification for nine, and biodilution for two, of 22 SOCs examined. The highest value recorded was for PCB 118 (TMF, 5.14), and biomagnification of methyl triclosan (TMF, 3.85) was also apparent. Biodilution was observed for Tonalide® (0.06) and Galaxolide® (0.38). Total SOC concentration in quagga mussels was higher than in three pelagic fishes. Also, 19 of 20 SOC examined in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) had substantially lower concentrations in 2013, when quagga mussels had become well established, than in 2007/08, soon after quagga mussels were introduced. Estimates of SOC concentrations in the water column and quagga mussels suggest that a considerable portion (~10.5%) of the SOC mass in the lake has shifted from the pelagic to the benthic environments due to quagga mussel growth. These observations suggest that benthic species, such as the endangered Razorback Sucker, may be experiencing increased risk of SOC exposure. In addition, stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) indicated a decrease in the nutritional value of zooplankton to consumers (e.g., Razorback Sucker larvae) since quagga mussels became established. These changes could affect Razorback Sucker larval survival and recruitment. Results from this study strongly suggest that the introduction of quagga mussels has greatly altered the dynamics of SOCs and other processes in the food web of Lake Mead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Goodbred
- U.S. Geological Survey (Emeritus), 213 Hillcrest Drive, High Point, NC 27262, United States of America
| | - Michael R Rosen
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 2730 N. Deer Run Rd., Carson City, NV 89701, United States of America
| | - Reynaldo Patiño
- U.S. Geological Survey, Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2120, United States of America.
| | - David Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, United States of America
| | - Kathy Echols
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, United States of America
| | - Kerensa King
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1340 Financial Blvd, Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502, United States of America
| | - John Umek
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, United States of America
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Chen Y, Lei YD, Wensvoort J, Wania F. Quantifying the Biomagnification Capability of Arctic Wolf and Domestic Dog by Equilibrium Sampling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6842-6849. [PMID: 32363860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying contaminant biomagnification is a decrease in the volume (V) and the fugacity capacity (Z) of food during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Traditionally, biomagnification is quantified by measuring contaminant concentrations in animal tissues. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to noninvasively derive the thermodynamic limit to an organism's biomagnification capability (biomagnification limit -BMFlim) by determining the ratio of the V·Z-products of undigested and digested food. We quantify Z-values by equilibrating food and feces samples, which have been homogenized and spiked with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with silicone films of variable thickness coated on the inside of glass vials. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method for wolf (Canis lupus hudsonicus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). For an adult wolf eating a relatively lean meat diet, a BMFlim (averaged over several PCB congeners) of approximately 41 was observed, whereas the BMFlim reached 81 for an adult domestic dog eating a lipid-rich diet. Besides the dietary lipid content that strongly affects the Z-value of the diet, the capability of an animal to digest its diet also influences the BMFlim by controlling the Z-values of their feces and the volume reduction of the food in the gastrointestinal tract. Less efficient digestion leads to a lower BMFlim in a juvenile dog (approximately 35) compared to its older self, even though their diets had similar lipid contents. The effect of the volume reduction (VD/VF ranging from 4 to 15) was comparable to the effect of the Z-value reduction (ZD/ZF from 3 to 20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Ying Duan Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
| | - Jaap Wensvoort
- Nutrition Science, Toronto Zoo, 361A Old Finch Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1B 5K7
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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Organic Contaminants in Zooplankton of Italian Subalpine Lakes: Patterns of Distribution and Seasonal Variations. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11091901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zooplankton is a key node in many trophic webs, both for food that for persistent organic contaminants that can accumulate in biota. Zooplankton of different size was seasonally sampled for two years in three deep Italian subalpine lakes (Maggiore, Como, Iseo) with the aim of determining the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), DDT, and PCB, and assessing the seasonality impacts on contaminants concentrations. In general, Lake Maggiore showed the highest concentrations for each group of contaminants, with mean values of 7.6 ng g−1 ww for PFAS, 65.0 ng g−1 dw for DDT, and 65.5 ng g−1 dw for PCB. When considering the composition pattern, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected in 96% of the samples and it was the predominant PFAS compound in all of the lakes. pp’ DDE was the most detected congener among DDTs and their metabolites, while for PCBs, the prevalent group was hexa-CB that constituted 35.4% of the total PCB contamination. A seasonal trend was highlighted for all contaminant groups with concentrations in colder months greater than in spring and summer; it was evident that the contaminant concentrations were more dependent from seasonality than from size, trophic levels, and taxa composition of zooplankton. Principal component analysis showed that one of the main driver for the accumulation of most of the studied contaminants is their lipophilicity, except for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and octachlorobiphenyl.
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Stable Isotope Analysis and Persistent Organic Pollutants in Crustacean Zooplankton: The Role of Size and Seasonality. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zooplankton is crucial for the transfer of matter, energy, and pollutants through aquatic food webs. Primary and secondary consumers contribute to the abundance and standing stock biomass, which both vary seasonally. By means of taxa- and size-specific carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, the path of pollutants through zooplankton is traced and seasonal changes are addressed, in an effort to understand pollutant dynamics in the pelagic food web. We analyzed zooplankton plurennial changes in concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its relatives (DDTs) and in taxa-specific δ15N signatures in two size fractions, ≥450 µm and ≥850 µm, representative of the major part of zooplankton standing stock biomass and of the fraction to which fish predation is mainly directed, respectively. Our work is aimed at verifying: (1) A link between nitrogen isotopic signatures and pollutant concentrations; (2) the predominance of size versus seasonality for concentration of pollutants; and (3) the contribution of secondary versus primary consumers to carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures. We found a prevalence of seasonality versus size in pollutant concentrations and isotopic signatures. The taxa-specific δ15N results correlated to pollutant concentrations, by means of taxa contribution to standing stock biomass and δ15N isotopic signatures. This is a step forward to understanding the taxa-specific role in pollutant transfer to planktivores and of zooplankton enrichment in PCBs and DDTs.
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Wang H, Xia X, Liu R, Wang Z, Zhai Y, Lin H, Wen W, Li Y, Wang D, Yang Z, Muir DCG, Crittenden JC. Dietary Uptake Patterns Affect Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4274-4284. [PMID: 30884228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnification of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) increases the eco-environmental risks they pose. Here, we gained mechanistic insights into biomagnification of deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs- d10) in zebrafish with carefully controlled water (ng L-1) by a passive dosing method and dietary exposures using pre-exposed Daphnia magna and fish food. A new bioaccumulation kinetic model for fish was established to take into account discrete dietary uptake, while the frequently used model regards dietary uptake as a continuous process. We found that when freely dissolved concentrations of the PAHs- d10 were constant in water, the intake amount of the PAHs- d10 played an important role in affecting their steady-state concentrations in zebrafish, and there was a peak concentration in zebrafish after each dietary uptake. Moreover, considering the randomness of predation, the Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the probabilities of biomagnification of the PAHs- d10 in zebrafish increased with their dietary uptake amount and frequency. This study indicates that in addition to the well-known lipid-water partitioning, the bioaccumulation of HOCs in fish is also a discontinuous kinetic process caused by the fluctuation of HOC concentration in the gastrointestinal tract as a result of the discrete food ingestion. The discontinuity and randomness of dietary uptake can partly explain the differences among aquatic ecosystems with respect to biomagnification for species at similar trophic levels and provides new insight for future analysis of experimental and field bioaccumulation data for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 Canada
- School of Environment , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 828 West Peachtree Street , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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14
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Ballutaud M, Drouineau H, Carassou L, Munoz G, Chevillot X, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Lobry J. EStimating Contaminants tRansfers Over Complex food webs (ESCROC): An innovative Bayesian method for estimating POP's biomagnification in aquatic food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:638-649. [PMID: 30580218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pollution greatly impacts ecosystems health and associated ecological functions. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are among the most studied contaminants due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity potential. Biomagnification is often described using the estimation of a Trophic Magnification Factor (TMF). This estimate is based on the relationship between contamination levels of the species and their trophic level. However, while the estimation can be significantly biased in relation to multiple sources of uncertainty (e.g. species physiology, measurement errors, food web complexity), usual TMF estimation methods typically do not allow accounting for these potential biases. More accurate and reliable assessment tool of TMFs and their associated uncertainty are therefore needed in order to appropriately guide chemical pollution management. The present work proposes a relevant and innovative TMF estimation method accounting for its many variability sources. The ESCROC model (EStimating Contaminants tRansfers Over Complex food webs), which is implemented in a Bayesian framework, allows for a more reliable and rigorous assessment of contaminants trophic magnification, in addition to accurate estimations of isotopes trophic enrichment factors and their associated uncertainties in food webs. Similar to classical mixing models used in food web investigations, ECSROC computes diet composition matrices using isotopic composition data while accounting for contamination data, leading to more robust food web descriptions. As a demonstration of the practical application of the model, ESCROC was implemented to revisit the trophic biomagnification of 5 polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a complex estuarine food web (the Gironde, SW France). In addition to the TMF estimate and 95% confidence intervals, the model provided biomagnification probabilities associated to the investigated contaminants-for instance, 92% in the case of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-that can be interpreted in terms of risk assessment in a precautionary approach, which should prove useful to environmental managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Ballutaud
- Irstea, UR EABX, Centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Hilaire Drouineau
- Irstea, UR EABX, Centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Laure Carassou
- Irstea, UR EABX, Centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Gabriel Munoz
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Xavier Chevillot
- Irstea, UR EABX, Centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, CNRS, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, CNRS, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jérémy Lobry
- Irstea, UR EABX, Centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France.
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