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PAHs Source Identification in Sediments and Surrounding Soils of Poyang Lake in China Using Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Analysis. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Identifying sources of soil and sediment PAHs and apportioning their contributions are key in building effective pollution abatement strategies, especially for Poyang Lake—the largest freshwater lake in China. PAHs were detected in all the monitored soil and sediment samples under three land use types, with the concentrations varying by area, ranging from moderate to relatively high. The order of PAHs content in different the land use types was as follows: industrial soil > grassland soil > agricultural soil. Although agricultural soil was dominated by LMW PAHs, industrial grassland soils were dominated by HMW PAHs. Based on factor analysis, non-negative matrix factorization analysis was effective in non-negative constrained skew rotation, especially for clear and interpretable source analysis of PAHs.
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Logemann A, Reininghaus M, Schmidt M, Ebeling A, Zimmermann T, Wolschke H, Friedrich J, Brockmeyer B, Pröfrock D, Witt G. Assessing the chemical anthropocene - Development of the legacy pollution fingerprint in the North Sea during the last century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119040. [PMID: 35202763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The North Sea and its coastal zones are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, which has resulted in significant chemical pollution ever since the beginning of the industrialization in Europe during the 19th century. In order to assess the chemical Anthropocene, natural archives, such as sediment cores, can serve as a valuable data source to reconstruct historical emission trends and to verify the effectiveness of changing environmental legislation. In this study, we investigated 90 contaminants covering inorganic and organic pollutant groups analyzed in a set of sediment cores taken in the North Seas' main sedimentation area (Skagerrak). We thereby develop a chemical pollution fingerprint that records the constant input of pollutants over time and illustrates their continued great relevance for the present. Additionally, samples were radiometrically dated and PAH and PCB levels in porewater were determined using equilibrium passive sampling. Furthermore, we elucidated the origin of lead (Pb) contamination utilizing non-traditional stable isotopic analysis. Our results reveal three main findings: 1. for all organic contaminant groups covered (PAHs, OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs and PFASs) as well as the elements lead (Pb) and titanium (Ti), determined concentrations decreased towards more recent deposited sediment. These decreasing trends could be linked to the time of introductions of restrictions and bans and therefor our results confirm, amongst possible other factors, the effectiveness of environmental legislation by revealing a successive change in contamination levels over the decades. 2. concentration trends for ΣPAH and ΣPCB measured in porewater correspond well with the ones found in sediment which suggests that this method can be a useful expansion to traditional bulk sediment analysis to determine the biologically available pollutant fraction. 3. Arsenic (As) concentrations were higher in younger sediment layers, potentially caused by emissions of corroded warfare material disposed in the study area after WW II.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Logemann
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Reininghaus
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany; RWTH University Aachen, Department of Ecosystem Analysis (ESA), Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schmidt
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Earth Sciences, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Ebeling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H Wolschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - J Friedrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Carbon Cycles, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B Brockmeyer
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - G Witt
- Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Xie S, Sun Y, Ma L, Lin Z, Grathwohl P, Lohmann R. In-situ and ex-situ measurement of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil air based on passive sampling: PAH exchange kinetics, non-equilibrium correction and comparison with traditional estimations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124646. [PMID: 33250309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to accurately estimate chemical activity of hydrophobic organic contaminants in field soils. Ex-situ and in-situ determinations were developed for this purpose based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive sampling and non-equilibrium correction by release of performance reference compounds (PRCs) previously spiked to the samplers. This work investigated kinetic processes of target contaminants' uptake into and PRCs' release from the sampler in an ex-situ soil suspension incubated for 100 days. A close agreement of kinetic parameters for pyrene's (target) uptake into and deuterated pyrene's (PRC) release from LDPE indicated their similar exchange kinetics. Three kinetic models were developed to correct uptake of target compounds in non-equilibrium conditions via release processes of PRCs. The second-order kinetic model was recommended for ex-situ measurements. The PRC-based non-equilibrium corrections were further applied to in-situ static passive sampling from several weeks to months in a PAH-contaminated field site. Two-weeks' deployments were sufficient for quantifying lighter PAHs (logKOA < 8.0), but not recommended to accurately estimate heavier PAHs (logKOA > 9.0), even if over four months. Concentration estimates from the in-situ and ex-situ passive samplings were comparable in order of magnitude with traditional estimation from equilibrium partitioning models considering both organic and black carbon fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory of Cities' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change (Shanghai Meteorological Bureau), IESD, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Shuya Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Yajie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peter Grathwohl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, United States
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Wolf DC, Cryder Z, Khoury R, Carlan C, Gan J. Bioremediation of PAH-contaminated shooting range soil using integrated approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138440. [PMID: 32315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Serious contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurs at outdoor shooting ranges due to the accumulation of clay target fragments containing coal tar or petroleum pitch. These contaminated sites are characterized with high-molecular-weight PAHs that are low in bioavailability and recalcitrant to bioremediation. We evaluated the effectiveness of different remediation strategies, used individually or in combinations, to decontaminate PAHs in a shooting range soil. The treatments included vegetation with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] or switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]), bioaugmentation of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, and addition of surfactants (Brij-35, rhamnolipid biosurfactant, or Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture). The initial total PAH concentration in the shooting range soil was 373 mg/kg and consisted of primarily high-molecular-weight PAHs (84%). Planting of bermudagrass and switchgrass resulted in 36% and 27% ∑16PAH reduction compared to the non-vegetated control, respectively. Bermudagrass enhanced soil dehydrogenase activity and both vegetation treatments also increased polyphenol oxidase activity. Bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 had a significant effect only on the dissipation of high-molecular-weight PAHs, leading to a 15% decrease (∑10PAH) compared to the control. In the non-vegetated soil, Brij-35/sodium dodecyl sulfate mixture increased PAH degradation compared to the no surfactant control. The increased PAH biodegradation in the vegetated and bioaugmented treatments improved lettuce [Lactuca sativa] seed germination, suggesting reduced toxicity in the treated soils. Phytoremediation using bermudagrass or switchgrass with bioaugmentation of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was an effective in situ remediation option for shooting range soils with heavy PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Wolf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America.
| | - Z Cryder
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - R Khoury
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - C Carlan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
| | - J Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States of America
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Zhao N, Ju F, Pan H, Tang Z, Ling H. Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of water and humic acid in the adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25754-25765. [PMID: 32350842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) and water play an important role in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorption and biodegradation in soil. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) and electrostatic potential surfaces (EPSs) simulations are conducted to research the contribution of quartz surface, leonardite humic acid (LHA), and water to PAH adsorption. The adsorption energies between PAHs and LHA are much higher than that between PAHs and quartz. Simulation shows that the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups' attraction by LHA is the main adsorption force between PAHs and LHA. The π-π interaction between PAHs and LHA also contributes to the adsorption process. In addition, the mobility of water on quartz surface is much higher than that of LHA. Water should be regarded as an adsorbate in the system as well as PAHs. However, the presence of water has a remarkable negative effect on the adsorption of PAHs on LHA and quartz. The bridging effect of water could only enhance the stability of the aggregation system. The adsorption contribution of quartz and LHA to PAHs in the soil model tends to 0 if the water layer reaches 2.0 nm. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Feng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhihe Tang
- Research Institute of Safety & Environment Technology, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hao Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Kim PG, Kwon JH. Resilience of the sorption capacity of soil organic matter during drying-wetting cycle. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125238. [PMID: 31896188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sorption capacity of soil organic matter (SOM) for hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) is affected by various environmental factors, such as soil water saturation and drying. In this study, we used passive sampling to investigate the changes in the sorption capacity of SOM during a drying-wetting cycle using batch sorption experiments. Dried and non-dried peat mosses were used to observe the effect of the drying process on the sorption capacity of SOM at various levels of water saturation in soil pores. At soil with non-dried peat moss, the partition coefficient between the sampler and the soil (Ksampler/soil) slightly increased with decreasing water saturation. At soil with dried peat moss, however, there were almost no differences in the Ksampler/soil among different water saturations except for 100%. The soil organic carbon-water distribution coefficients (KOC) for dried peat moss were consistently larger than those for non-dried peat moss at all water saturation levels. However, the KOC values obtained at 100% water saturation for both non-dried and dried peat mosses differed only by 18-29%. For fluoranthene, there was only an 18% difference between the two KOC values at 100% water saturation, whereas it was 91% at 10% water saturation. This finding suggests that wetting SOM returns mostly its sorption capacity for HOCs after the increase in KOC caused by extreme drying. The range in sorption capacity obtained in this study showed the resilient margin of the sorption capacity of SOM for HOCs according to microclimatic changes that would occur constantly under environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Gon Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Pang L, Yang PJ, Pang R, Gu WT, Zhou YF, Lv LN, Zhang MJ. Determination of freely dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human serum using core-shell Fe3O4@polyacrylate magnetic microspheres by exclusive volume effect. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:100-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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