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Samal K, Dash RR. Experiments and modeling to develop a Pistia stratiotes based Floating Vegetated System (FVS) for the removal of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171981. [PMID: 38547997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Floating Vegetated System (FVS) emerged as a green and sustainable technology, presenting a viable solution for treating heavy metals (HMs) contaminated water without disrupting the food web. Pistia stratiotes has been used in the design of FVS due to its abundance of aerenchyma tissues, which contribute to its ability to remain buoyant. FVS exhibited significant HMs removal efficiencies, with Pb top at average 84.4 %, followed by Zn (81.1 %), Cr (78.5 %), Cu (76.5 %) and Ni (73 %). Bio-concentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) values evaluated the plant's adeptness in metal uptake. For plants treated with Cu, the highest post-treatment chlorophyll content of 9 ± 1 mg.ml-1 was observed while Zn induced plant shows the lowest content of 7.1 ± 0.4 mg.ml-1. Using Box-Behnken Design (BBD), the system achieved 81.48 % Pb removal under optimized conditions such as initial Pb conc. of 9.25 mg. l-1, HRT of 24.49 days and a water depth of 26.52 cm. ANOVA analysis highlighted the significant impact of all the factors such as initial HM conc., HRT and wastewater depth on FVS performance. Kinetic analysis estimated a closer observance to the zero-order model, supported by high determination coefficient (R2) values. In conclusion, the FVS, as one of the most eco-friendly technologies, demonstrates higher potential for treating polluted water bodies, offering a sustainable remedy to global metal pollution challenges. Research on FVS for HMs removal is an area of ongoing interest and there are several potential future studies that could be pursued to further understand and optimize their effectiveness such as optimization of plant species, enhancement of plant-metal interactions, effects of environmental factors, economic feasibility studies, disposal of heavy metals accumulated plant, scale-up and application in real-world settings, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Samal
- School of Civil Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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Y. Saapi SS, Andrianisa HA, Zorom M, Mounirou LA, Kouassi HAA, Ahossouhe MS. New developments on vermifiltration as a bio-ecological wastewater treatment technology: Mechanism, application, performance, modelling, optimization, and sustainability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25795. [PMID: 38375316 PMCID: PMC10875448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The review discusses the advancements in vermifiltration research over the last decade, focusing on pollution removal mechanisms, system performance, the fate of filter components, and by-products. Vermifiltration has demonstrated remarkable capabilities, particularly in treating highly contaminated wastewater with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels exceeding 92,000 mg/L and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) levels over 25,000 mg/L, achieving removal rates of approximately 89% and 91%, respectively. Importantly, vermifiltration maintains its effectiveness even with fluctuating organic loads at the inlet, thanks to optimization of parameters like Hydraulic Loading Rate, biodegradable organic strength, earthworm density and active layer depth. Clogging issues can be minimized through parameters optimization. The review also highlights vermifiltrations' potential in co-treating the organic fraction of municipal solid waste while significantly reducing heavy metal concentrations, including Cd, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Zn, during the treatment process. Earthworms play a pivotal role in the removal of various components, with impressive removal percentages, such as 75% for Total Organic Carbon (TOC), 86% for Total COD, 87% for BOD5, 59% for ammonia nitrogen, and 99.9% for coliforms. Furthermore, vermifiltration-treated effluents can be readily utilized in agriculture, with the added benefit of producing vermicompost, a nutrient-rich biofertilizer. The technology contributes to environmental sustainability, as it helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), thanks to earthworm activity creating an aerobic environment, minimizing GHG production compared to other wastewater treatment methods. In terms of pollutant degradation modeling, the Stover-Kincannon model outperforms the first-order and Grau second-order models, with higher regression coefficients (R2 = 0.9961 for COD and R2 = 0.9353 for TN). Overall, vermifiltration emerges as an effective and sustainable wastewater treatment solution, capable of handling challenging wastewater sources, while also producing valuable by-products and minimizing environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidesse S. Y. Saapi
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Harinaivo A. Andrianisa
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Malicki Zorom
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Lawani A. Mounirou
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Hemez Ange Aurélien Kouassi
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahugnon Samuel Ahossouhe
- Laboratoire Eaux, Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture (LEHSA), Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (2iE), Rue de la Science, P.O. Box 594, Ouagadougou, 01, Burkina Faso
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Shi B, Cheng X, Zhu D, Jiang S, Chen H, Zhou Z, Xie J, Jiang Y, Liu C, Guo H. Impact analysis of hydraulic loading rate and antibiotics on hybrid constructed wetland systems: Insight into the response to decontamination performance and environmental-associated microbiota. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140678. [PMID: 37951391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs) are a promising solution for water ecology and environmental treatment, not only for conventional types of water pollution but also for antibiotics. Among the critical parameters for wetlands, the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) is especially important given the challenges of antibiotics treatment and frequent extreme rainfall. To investigate the removal performance of different HLRs on nutrients and antibiotics, as well as the response of antibiotics to nutrient removal, and the impact of HLRs on microbial communities, new HCWs with vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) and floating constructed wetlands (FCWs) in series were built. The results of the study showed that: (1) HCWs are highly effective in removing chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, NO2--N, and total phosphorus (TP) at low HLR (L_HLR), with removal efficiencies as high as 97.8%, 99.6%, 100%, and 80.5%. However, high HLR (H_HLR) reduced their removal efficiencies; (2) The average removal efficiency of fluoroquinolones (FQs) under different HLRs was consistently high, at 99.9%, while the average removal efficiency of macrolides (MLs) was 96.3% (L_HLR) and 88.4% (H_HLR). The removal efficiency of sulfonamides (SAs) was susceptible to HLRs, and the removal of antibiotics occurred mainly in the rhizosphere zone of wetland; (3) High concentrations of antibiotics in HCWs were found to inhibit and poison plant growth and to reduce the removal efficiency of TP by 12%. However, they had a minor effect on the removal efficiency of carbon and nitrogen nutrients; (4) H_HLR altered the diversity and abundance of microbial communities in different compartments of the wetland and also reduced the relative abundance of Bacillus, Hydrogenophaga, Nakamurella, Denitratisoma and Acidovorax genera, which are involved in denitrification and phosphorus removal processes. This alteration in microbial communities was one of the main reasons for the reduced performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Shi
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dantong Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Shenqiong Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hongzhan Chen
- Guangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zhihong Zhou
- Guangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Heyi Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
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Khodadi S, Karbassi A, Tavakoli O, Baghdadi M, Zare Z. Simultaneous dairy wastewater treatment and bioelectricity production in a new microbial fuel cell using photosynthetic Synechococcus. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:741-756. [PMID: 36680697 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is a novel technology, which employs organic pollutants and organisms to produce electrons and biomass and capture CO2 by bio-reactions. In this study, a new PMFC was developed based on Synechococcus sp. as a biocathode, and dairy wastewater was used in the anode chamber. Different experiments including batch feed mode, semi-continuous feed mode, Synechococcus feedstock to the anode chamber, Synechococcus-Chlorella mixed system, the feedstock of treated wastewater to the cathode chamber, and use of extra nutrients in the anodic chamber were performed to investigate the behavior of the PMFC system. The results indicated that the PMFC with a semi-continuous feed mode is more effective than a batch mode for electricity generation and pollutant removal. Herein, maximum power density, chemical oxygen demand removal, and Coulombic efficiency were 6.95 mW/m2 (450 Ω internal resistance), 62.94, and 43.16%, respectively, through mixing Synechococcus sp. and Chlorella algae in the batch-fed mode. The maximum nitrate and orthophosphate removal rates were 98.83 and 68.5%, respectively, wherein treated wastewater in the anode was added to the cathode. No significant difference in Synechococcus growth rate was found between the cathodic chamber of PMFC and the control cultivation cell. The heating value of the biocathode biomass at maximum Synechococcus growth rate (adding glucose into the anode chamber) was 0.2235 MJ/Kg, indicating the cell's high ability for carbon dioxide recovery. This study investigated not only simultaneous bioelectricity production and dairy wastewater in a new PMFC using Synechococcus sp. but also studied several operational parameters and presented useful information about their effect on PMFC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Khodadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Karbassi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Tavakoli
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baghdadi
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zare
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Costa-Conceicao K, Villamar Ayala CA, Dávila T, Gallardo MC. Performance of hybrid biofilter based on rice husks/sawdust treating grey wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2416-2431. [PMID: 37257100 PMCID: wst_2023_132 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An innovative nature-based technology for wastewater treatment is the hybrid biofiltration, which combines complex symbiotic relationships between plants, earthworms and microorganisms with adequate support components. This latter could be optimized using organic supports. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of hybrid biofilters based on rice husks/sawdust treating grey wastewater from mining camps. Four biofilters using an active layer (rice husks/sawdust: 50/50%, v/v) at 60(B60) and 45(B45) cm height and operating for 64 days at a hydraulic loading rate between 1 and 5 m3/m2d were monitored. Eisenia foetida Savigny and Cyperus papyrus L. were used as a biotic component. COD, N-NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, PO43- and fecal coliforms were weekly monitored. Results showed that the most efficient HB was using 60 cm as an active layer and operating at 3 m3/m2d, which reported average removal efficiencies for COD, NH4+, NO3-, PO43- and fecal coliforms up to 85, 89, 47, 49 and 99.9%, respectively. Organic support improved the rate growth for Cyperus papirus L. and E. foetida Savigny up to 50%. Hybrid biofiltration using organic residues is low-cost, providing all-encompassing operational and performance features, improving the wastewater reclamation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Costa-Conceicao
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Libertador Bernardo ÓHiggins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Alejandra Villamar Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Victor Jara 3659, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile E-mail: ; Programa para el Desarrollo de Sistemas Productivos Sostenibles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Victor Jara 3769, Estación Central, Santiago
| | - Tatiana Dávila
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Cristina Gallardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito, Ecuador
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Sun Y, Tang K, Song H, Jiang D, Chen S, Tu W, Cai L, Huang H, Zhang F. The Effect of Domestic Sewage Treatment on Islands Using Ecological Treatment Processes: A Case Study of Haimen Island, Fujian Province. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15440. [PMID: 36497513 PMCID: PMC9737686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Islands are characterized by a lack of land and freshwater resources, public finances, and technical personnel. As a result, domestic sewage may not be effectively treated, which can lead to major pollution on islands and in the surrounding sea areas. In this study, a pilot treatment of domestic sewage was conducted using an ecological treatment process (i.e., a constructed wetland and ecological pond) in an abandoned pond located on Haimen Island, Fujian Province, China. The pollutant indicators were monitored to analyze this treatment method at different treatment stages. The results showed that the combination of multiple ecological treatment processes had favorable treatment effects on various pollutants in the sewage. The treatment rates of the chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and suspended solids (SS) surpassed 88%. The treatment rate of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform surpassed 93%, and all the indicators met or were close to the level I B emission standards for urban sewage treatment plants. Different treatment stages have different treatment effects on different pollutants. The constructed wetland played an important role in sewage treatment through plant absorption, substrate adsorption, sedimentation, and microbial decomposition, particularly for the TP, CODCr, and BOD5. In contrast, algal photosynthesis in the ecological pond produced a large amount of dissolved oxygen, and the treatment effect was highest for the TN and NH3-N. The treatment effects on the fecal coliform in the constructed wetland and ecological pond were very significant. Ecological treatment processes based on the combination of a constructed wetland and ecological pond have favorable treatment effects, low construction and maintenance costs, and pollution-free conditions, which are suitable for application in island areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Sun
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kunxian Tang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui Song
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Degang Jiang
- Island Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Pingtan 350400, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wulin Tu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Luchun Cai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, China
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Mahapatra S, Samal K, Dash RR. Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) for wastewater treatment: A review on factors, modelling and cost analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114668. [PMID: 35152038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste stabilization pond (WSP) is natural technology which can be installed in centralized or semi-centralized sewerage systems for treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater, septage and sludge, etc. WSPs are highly efficient, simple to construct, low cost and easy to operate. It can be used as secondary or tertiary treatment unit in a treatment plant either individually or in a coupling manner. The algal-bacterial symbiosis in WSP makes it completely natural treatment process for which it becomes economic as compared to other treatment technologies in terms of its maintenance cost and energy requirement. Effluent from WSP can also be used for agricultural purpose, gardening, watering road, vehicle wash, etc. Advance technologies are being integrated for better design and efficiency of WSP, but the main challenges are the separation and removal of algal species which lead to deterioration of the water if stays long. Research is necessary to maximize algal growth yield, selection of beneficial strain and optimizing harvesting methods. This review focuses on the treatment mechanism in the pond, affecting factors, types of ponds, design equation, cost analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mahapatra
- School of Civil Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Kundan Samal
- School of Civil Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751 024, Odisha, India.
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Effect of Volatile Fatty Acids Accumulation on Biogas Production by Sludge-Feeding Thermophilic Anaerobic Digester and Predicting Process Parameters. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sewage sludge represents an important resource for reuse in the wastewater treatment field. Hence, thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) could be an alternative technique to recover renewable resources from sludge. In the TAD biodegradation process, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are the intermediate products of methanogenesis. However, the higher formation and accumulation of VFAs leads to microbial stress, resulting in acidification and failure of the digester. Therefore, several batch TADs have been investigated to evaluate the VFAs production from sludge and their impact on biogas generation and biodegradation efficiency. Three types of sewage sludges, e.g., primary sludge (PS), secondary sludge (SS), and mixed sludge (MS) were used as substrates to estimate the accumulation of VFAs and yield of methane gas. The system showed the maximum total VFAs accumulation from both PS and MS as 824.68 ± 0.5 mg/L and 236.67 ± 0.5 mg/L, respectively. The dominant VFA accumulation was identified as acetic acid, the main intermediate by-product of methane production. The produced biogas from PS and MS contained 66.75 ± 0.5% and 52.29 ± 0.5% methane, respectively. The high content of methane with PS-feeding digesters was due to the higher accumulation of VFAs (i.e., 824.68 ± 0.5 mg/L) in the TAD. The study also predicted the design parameters of TAD process by fitting the lab-scale experimental data with the well-known first-order kinetic and logistic models. Such predicted design parameters are significantly important before the large-scale application of the TAD process.
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Zhao X, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhang H, Wang L. Ecological floating bed for decontamination of eutrophic water bodies: Using alum sludge ceramsite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114845. [PMID: 35272160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined ecological floating bed (C-EFB) with alum sludge ceramsite (ASC) was designed to improve the water purification effect of traditional ecological floating beds (T-EFBs). During the ASC preparation stage, alum sludge was shaped into a ball, air-dried, and fired under 600 °C. The physical and chemical properties of the ASC meet the requirements of Artificial Ceramsite Filter Materials for Water Treatment (CJ/T229-2008). This study investigated the increased capability of this new-type artificial substrate (ASC) on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) from eutrophic landscape water. Compared with the T-EFB, the C-EFB owns a higher purification efficiency. The highest average efficiency of COD, NH4+-N, TN and TP removals during the four operating stages was 78.2%, 58.1%, 46.7% and 53.2%, respectively, in the C-EFB, which were all higher than those of 53.5%, 32.4%, 27.2% and 25.8%, respectively, for the T-EFB. Among them, the C-EFB showed a higher advantage in the removal of TP. The results showed that the potential benefits of utilizing ASC in seriously eutrophic bodies of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology in Arid Areas, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xiangcheng, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Taihu Lake District, Suzhou, 215105, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Karla MR, Alejandra VAC, Lenys F, Patricio EM. Operational performance of corncobs/sawdust biofilters coupled to microbial fuel cells treating domestic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151115. [PMID: 34756908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofilters coupled to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the most integral treatment technology that generate water-energy nexus for rural zones sanitation. Moreover, biofilters coupled to MFCs, using organic residues as bed filter have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was comparatively to evaluate biofilters based on corncobs/sawdust coupled to MFCs treating domestic wastewater. Biofilters based on corncobs/sawdust (50%, v/v) as bed filter incorporating microorganisms (BM), earthworms/microorganisms (BEM, Eisenia foetida Savigny), plants/microorganisms (BPM, Canna indica L.), and all organisms (HB) were evaluated. These biofilters were coupled to 2 electrochemical systems based on graphite cathodes with graphite (G)/stainless-steel mesh (M) anodes. Three nominal hydraulic loading rates (0.3, 0.5, and 1 m3 m-2 d-1) evaluating removal of organic matter, nutrients and pathogens were monitored. Voltage within electrochemical systems also were registered. Results demonstrated that biofilters based on corncob/wood chips coupled to MFCs reach mean organic matter removal efficiencies over 80% (COD: 86%, BOD5: 91%). Nevertheless, HBG was the most efficient (up to 6%) biofiltration technology monitored. The biofiltration typologies studied reported removal efficiencies of nutrients (NH3-N, PO43-) and pathogens (fecal coliforms) up to 99%. Specifically, BMG and HBG were the biofiltration typologies that registered the highest energy recovery (up to 104 mV, 29 mW m-2). Within all the biofiltration typologies studied, the hybrid biofiltration coupled to MFCs using graphite (HBG) is the one that offers the best water-energy nexus conditions, thanks to its biological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montenegro-Rosero Karla
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Ecuador 3659, 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Villamar-Ayala Cristina Alejandra
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Ecuador 3659, 9170124, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fernández Lenys
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076, Apartado 17-01-2184, Ecuador
| | - Espinoza-Montero Patricio
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de octubre 1076, Apartado 17-01-2184, Ecuador
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11
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Marassi RJ, López MBG, Queiroz LG, Silva DCV, da Silva FT, de Paiva TCB, Silva GC. Efficient dairy wastewater treatment and power production using graphite cylinders electrodes as a biofilter in microbial fuel cell. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Samal K, Kar S, Trivedi S, Upadhyay S. Assessing the impact of vegetation coverage ratio in a floating water treatment bed of Pistia stratiotes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-04139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFloating bed (FB) is one of the low cost and efficient system to treat polluted water bodies in rural as well as urban area. It requires less space compared to other macrophyte based treatment system. Vegetation coverage is an effective factor as atmospheric oxygen diffusion to water body depends upon this. When a water body is fully covered by vegetation, it prevents the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen, which is a major source of dissolved oxygen (DO). An optimum vegetation coverage is necessary to obtain maximum treatment efficiency and to verify this a laboratory scale experiment was performed with various vegetation coverage ratio (VCR) of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1. Organics and nutrient removal were measured corresponding to initial floating bed VCR. COD removal for VCR 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 and 0 were 86.4%, 93.6%, 96.2%, 85.4% and 60.8%, respectively. The roots of macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) supports growth of microorganism, which perform biodegradation of organics as well as uptake nutrients. Maximum NH4+-N and PO43−-P removal were observed at VCR of 0.75 and 1.0, respectively. In the tanks with VCR of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75, the final DO was more than 4 mg/L, which is the requisite DO value for survival of aquatic organism.
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Li X, Zhu W, Meng G, Zhang C, Guo R. Efficiency and kinetics of conventional pollutants and tetracyclines removal in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands enhanced by aeration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 273:111120. [PMID: 32745882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) is considered as a potential alternative for domestic wastewater treatment of towns and small cities. Oxygen supply is the main limitation of pollutants removal in IVCWs. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the capacity and kinetics of pollutants removal in IVCWs with/without artificial aeration. Two IVCWs constructed with Canna indica and Phragmites australis were running in continuous flow to remove high concentrations of conventional pollutants and low concentrations of tetracyclines (TETs), which are at similar levels of domestic wastewater. The results showed that IVCWs had a good performance on COD, phosphorus, and TETs with removal efficiencies over 80%, 64%, and 75%, respectively, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.0 d. However, the removal of nitrogen was limited, showing as TN removal efficiency of about 30%. The IVCW with Phragmites australis had a higher removal efficiency and rate. A kinetics based on Monod Equation and solved with Matlab 2018a could describe the degradation of conventional pollutants. Artificial aeration improved the oxygen supply and remarkably raised the removal capacity for COD, N, and P in IVCWs. The q1/2 values, which was defined as the average removal loading before half of the pollutants was removed and represented the removal capacity without limitation of pollutants concentration, were increased by 5-30 times after aeration. In conclusion, IVCWs could remove conventional pollutants and TETs simultaneously showing a great potential in domestic wastewater treatment. Artificial aeration enhanced removal capacity of IVCWs on conventional pollutants while showed little influence on TETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Li
- National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Engineering Research Centre for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Weigang Zhu
- National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Engineering Research Centre for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Gengjian Meng
- National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Engineering Research Centre for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; School of Geography, Archaeology & Irish Studies & Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Ruichao Guo
- National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; Henan Engineering Research Centre for Control & Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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14
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Frenkel VS, Cummings GA, Maillacheruvu KY, Tang WZ. Food-processing wastes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1726-1740. [PMID: 32762105 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Literature published in 2018 and literature published in 2019 related to food-processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food-processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This article summarizes literature reviews published in 2018 and in 2019 related to food processing wastes treatment for industrial applications are reviewed. This review is a subsection of the Treatment Systems section of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review and covers the following food processing industries and applications: general, meat and poultry, fruits and vegetables, dairy and beverage, and miscellaneous treatment of food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Walter Z Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Singh A, Karmegam N, Singh GS, Bhadauria T, Chang SW, Awasthi MK, Sudhakar S, Arunachalam KD, Biruntha M, Ravindran B. Earthworms and vermicompost: an eco-friendly approach for repaying nature's debt. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1617-1642. [PMID: 31974693 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The steady increase in the world's population has intensified the need for crop productivity, but the majority of the agricultural practices are associated with adverse effects on the environment. Such undesired environmental outcomes may be mitigated by utilizing biological agents as part of farming practice. The present review article summarizes the analyses of the current status of global agriculture and soil scenarios; a description of the role of earthworms and their products as better biofertilizer; and suggestions for the rejuvenation of such technology despite significant lapses and gaps in research and extension programs. By maintaining a close collaboration with farmers, we have recognized a shift in their attitude and renewed optimism toward nature-based green technology. Based on these relations, it is inferred that the application of earthworm-mediated vermitechnology increases sustainable development by strengthening the underlying economic, social and ecological framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India
| | - Natchimuthu Karmegam
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636 007, India
| | - Gopal Shankar Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221 011, India.
| | - Tunira Bhadauria
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 229 001, India
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sivasubramaniam Sudhakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627 012, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM institute of science and technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Muniyandi Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Evironmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Youngtong Gu, Suwon, 16227, South Korea.
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Samal K, Kar S, Trivedi S. Ecological floating bed (EFB) for decontamination of polluted water bodies: Design, mechanism and performance. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 251:109550. [PMID: 31539700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide water quality is degrading and most of the water bodies are now being contaminated by heavy load of pollutants from various industries. Aquatic ecosystems are also disrupted affecting various flora and fauna adversely. Water bodies dominated with aquatic plants have high yielding capacity. These plants are capable of high nutrient accumulation and creating favorable condition in rhizosphere for microbial organic degradation, which can be applied in the restoration process of polluted lakes, natural streams and wetlands, etc. Ecological Floating Bed (EFB) is designed by using aquatic plants, floating like mat on the surface of water. The plant roots hang beneath the floating mat and provide a large surface area for biofilm growth. This paper reviewed the EFB concept, structure, mechanisms and functions. Screening of suitable macrophyte species, involvement of biofilm in organic removal process and necessity of growth media have been discussed briefly. Apart from this, effect of depth, buoyancy, vegetation coverage ratio are also represented. Detail mechanisms of oxygen transfer from top to bottom of water biomass have been well analyzed. Various pollutants present in wastewater like organics, solids, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals etc. and their removal mechanism have also mentioned. Again biomass needs to be harvested in regular interval, else the absorbed nutrients may re-enter to the water body. Overall, EFB is an efficient and effective wastewater treatment technology and further research is necessary for its better utilization. Finally, based on reviews, recommendations have been made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Samal
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Soham Kar
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Shivanshi Trivedi
- School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
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