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Skic K, Boguta P, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Baran A. Effect of sorption properties on the content, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130073. [PMID: 36209611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, PAH sorption processes in bottom sediments has not been comprehensively discucorrelation coefficients between sorption parameters and contessed. Understanding the dependencies governing PAH sorption processes will allow to predict, monitor, and mitigate the ecological effects of PAH contamination and the associated risks to humans or wildlife. The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between the sorption properties and the content of PAHs in bottom sediments and mussels. The PAH profile was dominated by higher-molecular hydrocarbons, which accounted for 73% of the total concentration of PAHs. Potentiometric studies revealed the steric-based PAH sorption mechanism that strongly depended on the presence of negatively dissociating structures such as carboxylic or phenolic functional groups. Based on the changes in Q8 values, the size-exclusion effect was more likely for 5- and 6-ring compounds. Pores < 5 µm, which had the largest share in the specific surface area, were the preferred sites for PAH sequestration and stabilization in bottom sediments. The availability of PAHs was reduced in sediments with high organic matter content. The PAH bioaccumulation factor significantly decreased with increasing TOC content in sediments. Higher mortality and growth inhibition of H. incongruens were observed in samples with high and medium TOC contents than in those with low TOC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
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Vincenti B, Paris E, Carnevale M, Palma A, Guerriero E, Borello D, Paolini V, Gallucci F. Saccharides as Particulate Matter Tracers of Biomass Burning: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4387. [PMID: 35410070 PMCID: PMC8998709 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on health and ecosystems, as well as on meteorology and climate change, are well known to the scientific community. It is therefore undeniable that a good understanding of the sources of PM is crucial for effective control of emissions and to protect public health. One of the major contributions to atmospheric PM is biomass burning, a practice used both in agriculture and home heating, which can be traced and identified by analyzing sugars emitted from the combustion of cellulose and hemicellulose that make up biomass. In this review comparing almost 200 selected articles, we highlight the most recent studies that broaden such category of tracers, covering research publications on residential wood combustions, open-fire or combustion chamber burnings and ambient PM in different regions of Asia, America and Europe. The purpose of the present work is to collect data in the literature that indicate a direct correspondence between biomass burning and saccharides emitted into the atmosphere with regard to distinguishing common sugars attributed to biomass burning from those that have co-causes of issue. In this paper, we provide a list of 24 compounds, including those most commonly recognized as biomass burning tracers (i.e., levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), from which it emerges that monosaccharide anhydrides, sugar alcohols and primary sugars have been widely reported as organic tracers for biomass combustion, although it has also been shown that emissions of these compounds depend not only on combustion characteristics and equipment but also on fuel type, combustion quality and weather conditions. Although it appears that it is currently not possible to define a single compound as a universal indicator of biomass combustion, this review provides a valuable tool for the collection of information in the literature and identifies analytes that can lead to the determination of patterns for the distribution between PM generated by biomass combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Vincenti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (B.V.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Enrico Paris
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (B.V.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Monica Carnevale
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (B.V.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Adriano Palma
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (B.V.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Domenico Borello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valerio Paolini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesco Gallucci
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Center of Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via della Pascolare 16, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (B.V.); (E.P.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhao Z, Lang X. Occurrence characteristics and source appointment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes over the past 100 years in southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151905. [PMID: 34838905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The extensive anthropogenic activities and their potential impacts during the Anthropocene have led to a research focus on the sedimentary record. In the present study, the occurrence and temporal variations in the fluxes and compositions of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were investigated in 210Pb-dated sediment cores from a small catchment near the outflow Tanglangchuan in the western Dianchi Lake, China. The continuing organic contamination (i.e. PAHs and n-alkanes) from inputs to outputs has been of concern. To trace the sources and driving forces, multi indicators were applied. Results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and C/N ratios varied in the range of 4.20-12.30 mg g-1 dw and 8.64-15.65, respectively, indicating algae- and terrestrial plant-derived organic matter (OM). The flux of Σn-alkanes ranged from 0.67 to 38.86 μg cm-2 a-1 with a peak in 2013. The long-chain n-alkanes (Σn-alk26-35) and short-chain n-alkanes (Σn-alk12-20) accounted for 44.02%-49.38% and 35.32%-41.49% of the Σn-alkanes, respectively. A bimodal distribution of n-alkanes was displayed in the sediments implying the sedimentary OM may be derived from a mixed source of endogenous and exogenous origin. The posterior peak (≥n-C26) compounds in the highest abundance were n-C31 or n-C33 with a significant odd-numbered C predominance, representing terrestrial plant-derived OM. Whereas n-C16 was rich in all sediment profiles reflecting crude oil or incompletely combusted fossil fuel-derived source. The indicators analysis showed an increasing trend of the contribution from terrestrial plants and wet to drought climate during 1873-2019. The sedimentary flux of ΣPAHs ranged between 11.71 and 1231.54 ng cm-2 a-1 and the percent of high-ring PAHs rose annually indicating enhanced anthropogenic activities. In the past 147 years, the results of present study highlight the influence of the agricultural and industrial economy on the catchment outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China.
| | - Kangkang Yu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiulu Lang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
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Rodrigues V, Gama C, Ascenso A, Oliveira K, Coelho S, Monteiro A, Hayes E, Lopes M. Assessing air pollution in European cities to support a citizen centered approach to air quality management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149311. [PMID: 34364279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
European cities have made significant progress over the last decades towards clean air. Despite this progress, several cities are still facing acute air pollution episodes, with various urban areas frequently exceeding air quality levels allowed by the European legal standards and WHO guidelines. In this paper, six European cities/ regions (Bristol, UK; Amsterdam, NL; Sosnowiec, PL; Ljubljana, SI; Aveiro, PT; Liguria, IT) are studied in terms of air quality, namely particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. The concentrations trends from 2008 to 2017 in the different typology of monitoring stations are addressed, together with the knowledge of daily, weekly and seasonal pollution patterns to better understand the city specific profiles and to characterize pollutant dynamics and variations in multiple locations. Additionally, an analysis of the duration and severity of air pollution episodes is also discussed, followed by an analysis of the fulfillment of the legislated limit values. Each of our 6 case study locations face different air pollution problems, but all these case studies have made some progress in reducing ambient concentrations. In Bristol, there have been strong downward trends in many air pollutants, but the levels of NO2 remain persistently high and of concern. In recent years, decreasing concentration levels point to some success of Amsterdam air quality policies. PM10 exceedances are a seasonal pollution problem in Ljubljana, Sosnowiec and Aveiro region (even if with different levels of severity). While, exceedances of NO2 and O3 concentrations are still problematic in Liguria region. The main findings of this paper are particular relevant to define and compare future citizen-led strategies and policy initiatives that may be implemented to improve and fulfill the EU legislation and the WHO guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rodrigues
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - C Gama
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Ascenso
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Oliveira
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - S Coelho
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Monteiro
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Hayes
- University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Lopes
- CESAM & Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Vaezzadeh V, Yi X, Rais FR, Bong CW, Thomes MW, Lee CW, Zakaria MP, Wang AJ, Zhong G, Zhang G. Distribution of black carbon and PAHs in sediments of Peninsular Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112871. [PMID: 34428623 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations, sources and interactions between black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in 42 sediment samples collected from riverine, coastal and shelf areas in Peninsular Malaysia. The concentrations of BC measured by benzene polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) method and PAHs showed broad spatial variations between the relatively pristine environment of the East coast and developed environment of the West and South coast ranging from 0.02 to 0.36% dw and 57.7 ng g-1 dw to 19,300 ng g-1 dw, respectively. Among diagnostic ratios of PAHs, the ratios of Ant/(Ant+Phe) and LMW/HMW drew the clearest distinctions between the East coast versus the West and South coast sediments indicating the predominance of petrogenic sources in the former versus pyrogenic sources in the latter. PAHs significantly correlated with BC and total organic carbon (TOC) in the sediments (p < 0.05) having similar correlation coefficients. BC accounted for 6.06 to 30.6% of TOC in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Vaezzadeh
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China; Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Farah Rasyidah Rais
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chui Wei Bong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Margaret William Thomes
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Weng Lee
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai Jun Wang
- Laboratory for Coast and Ocean Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography (TIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guangcai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Dos Santos PRS, Moreira LFF, Moraes EP, de Farias MF, Domingos YS. Traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) occurrence in a tropical environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4577-4587. [PMID: 33903994 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-related PAH emissions over the urban area of Natal, Brazil, have shown a significant increase because of automobile usage and have become a major concern due to their potential effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, this research measured PAH contamination on major roads and river compartments in a tropical catchment (Pitimbu River) over an expanding urban area. Road PAH concentrations spanned from 692 to 2098 ng g-1 and suggest the predominance of heavy (diesel-powered) and light-duty (gasoline plus alcohol-powered) vehicle emission sources. High concentrations of naphthalene (515 ng g-1) and acenaphthylene (145 ng g-1) were found in river sediments, indicating oil-related spillage and low-temperature combustion sources. Diagnostic ratios indicated the prevalence of biomass, coal and petroleum combustion processes and refined oil products. The ecological risk assessment indicated an ecological contamination risk ranging between low and moderate because of naphthalene and acenaphthylene concentrations higher than ERL threshold values. Toxicity risks caused by PAHs were assessed by using the BaP-equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE). Results indicated that both RDS and riverbed sediment samples are at low toxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucio Flavio Ferreira Moreira
- Sanitation Engineering Post-graduation Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Edgar Perin Moraes
- Chemometrics and Biological Chemistry Group (CBC), Institute of Chemistry, UFRN, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
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Timoszczuk CT, Dos Santos FR, Araújo LD, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, de Mahiques MM, de Lima Ferreira PA, Lopes Figueira RC, Neves PA, Prates D, Bícego MC. Historical deposition of PAHs in mud depocenters from the Southwestern Atlantic continental shelf: The influence of socio-economic development and coal consumption in the last century. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117469. [PMID: 34058503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were determined in four dated sediment cores collected in mud depocenters of the southern Brazilian continental shelf. Core dating results covered the interval between 1925 and 2017. The total PAH concentrations (ΣPAHs) ranged from 44.69 ng g-1 to 305.43 ng g-1 and were similar between the analysed cores. Fine-grained sediments and total organic carbon (TOC) results did not correlate with the ΣPAHs, indicating that the variations in PAH concentrations are mostly related to variations in sources and emissions. PAH source appointment indicated a high input of a natural compound (perylene) and the predominance of anthropogenic PAHs from coal, biomass, and fuel combustion. Alkylated PAHs presented high contributions throughout all cores. The historical deposition of PAHs was associated with different periods of the socio-economic and industrial development of near coastal cities and reflected very well the history of coal production and consumption in the southern region of Brazil. The low levels of ΣPAHs before 1945 in all analysed cores may be related to the beginning of the industrialization process and the lower urbanization degree in the region. Between 1945 and 1965, the gradual ΣPAHs increase reflects the establishment and enlargement of the southern Brazilian industrial sector. The interval between 1965 and 1990 corresponded to the highest ΣPAHs in three of the four analysed cores. After 1990, a relative decrease in the ΣPAHs was observed in most cores and may be related the multiple cuts of incentives to the industrial usage of coal, as well as to Brazil's efforts in environmental regulation for coal extraction and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Taboada Timoszczuk
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lígia Dias Araújo
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Michaelovitch de Mahiques
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Energia e Ambiente da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-010, Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 1289, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alves de Lima Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Andrade Neves
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Prates
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-120, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rybicki M, Marynowski L, Bechtel A, Simoneit BRT. Variations in δ 13C values of levoglucosan from low-temperature burning of lignite and biomass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:138991. [PMID: 32470716 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan, an anhydrosaccharide, is commonly used as an organic tracer for biomass burning, but has also been identified from coal smoke particulate matter (PM) including lignites. Here we showed that stable carbon isotope analysis specifically of levoglucosan may be one possible way to determine the relative contributions from coal combustion versus biomass burning sources. PM samples were collected from low-temperature burning/smoldering of Miocene lignites from Poland and basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) representative of biomass. The calculated levoglucosan δ13C values of xylites varied from -23.6 to -21.6‰, while for detritic coal samples they ranged from -24.2 to -23.1‰, with means of -22.7 and -23.7‰, respectively. The calculated levoglucosan δ13C value of basket willow wood was -27.1‰. Values of willow wood mixtures with xylite varied from -25.8 to -23.4‰ (with an increasing proportion of xylite), while values of mixtures of willow and detritic coal ranged from -26.9 to -24.6‰ (with an increasing proportion of detritic coal). The δ13C values for the mixtures changed proportionally to the contents of individual components with R2 = 0.88 and 0.89 for willow with xylite and detritic coal, respectively. The hopanoid distributions characteristic for low-temperature lignite/peat burning, with a predominance of 22R-α,β-homohopane, ββ-hopanes and hopenes, as well as low or very low values of the homohopane index, were observed in smoke PM from most lignite samples and absent in the basket willow sample. Thus, the relatively high content of hopanes (with the occurrence of 22R-α,β-homohopane, ββ-hopanes and hopenes) in atmospheric PM samples can be treated as additional tracers of lignite combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Rybicki
- University of Silesia, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Earth Sciences, Będzińska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Leszek Marynowski
- University of Silesia, Faculty of Natural Science, Institute of Earth Sciences, Będzińska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Achim Bechtel
- Montanuniversität Leoben, Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Peter-Tunner-Str. 5, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Bernd R T Simoneit
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Pérez-Fernández B, Viñas L, Besada V. A new perspective on marine assessment of metals and organic pollutants: A case study from Bay of Santander. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:156-164. [PMID: 31323567 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollution assessment is worldwide generally performed based on 'Trend assessment' or 'Status assessment´, and usually requires monitoring programs that should be designed in terms of pollutants to be studied, frequency and locations. Five groups of pollutants: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and trace metals, were selected to evaluate how actual monitoring programs are coping with the evaluation of anthropogenic activities affect the environment and whether use restrictions and laws that ban certain pollutants are being effective. Santander Bay, in Northern Spain, is an industrial area with 250,000 inhabitants and with several rivers discharging into the Bay; those characteristics made the area an adequate location to perform the study. Marine sediment was selected as the study matrix since it gives comprehensive information regarding the human activities in coastal areas. The study clearly shows that there can be some potential biological impacts on the marine environment due to PAHs (mainly BghiP), PCBs (mainly congener CB118) and metals. On the other hand all analysed OCPs and PBDEs presented values below the applicable guidelines and will therefore, in principle, not give rise to environmental problems. Consequently, even after decades of banning and use restrictions, the studied pollutants are still a main issue in coastal areas. Moreover, the present study helps in the definition of future monitoring programs providing a complete description about the current situation of the listed pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Pérez-Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucía Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Victoria Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
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