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Wang Y, Shi J, Tian X, Peng H, Li X, Song D, Mao X, Lv X. Study on load allocation of land-based total nitrogen in the Bohai Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171470. [PMID: 38453082 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Total nitrogen (TN) is one of the terrigenous pollutants in the Bohai Sea. A reasonable releasing scheme can effectively improve the seawater quality. Based on the observed TN concentrations and the national pollution control requirements, the TN load ratios of four major rivers around the Bohai Sea are adjusted in multiple levels within the range of 50 %-200 % in the frame of total control. Then, a pollutant transport model is used to evaluate each load allocation scheme by calculating the area of different seawater qualities. The optimum scheme is loads of the Yellow River and Luan River are set to 50 % and 200 % of the levels in 2018, and thus the area of heavily polluted seawater can be decreased by 33.14 %. Additionally, the reasonable TN reduction amounts of four major rivers in 2018-2020 are calculated according to the optimum scheme, which can be provided as a decision-making basis of marine managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaolu Tian
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haohong Peng
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuren Li
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dehai Song
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinyan Mao
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xianqing Lv
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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2
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Yang Y, Li K, Liang S, Lin G, Liu C, Li J, Xie L, Li Y, Wang X. A simulation-optimization approach based on the compound eutrophication index to identify multi-nutrient allocated load. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167626. [PMID: 37804968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication with nutrient enrichment is a global marine ecosystem concern that threatens human health, economic activities, and ecosystem functions. Therefore, a nutrient load optimization method is required to help control marine eutrophication. However, eutrophication-based nutrient allocated load optimization is a multi-objective project due to a series of eutrophication pressures, such as cross-regional land-based nutrient loads and multi-nutrient regimes and ratios. In this study, a synergistic multi-nutrient control method was developed for the Bohai Sea (BS), China, which links multi-nutrient pressures with eutrophication states. Based on the eutrophication control standard, which is the second level of compound eutrophication index (CEI), the total maximum allocated loads (CEI-based TMALs) of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were calculated by a simulation-optimization approach. Using the end year of China's 13th Five-Year Plan (2020) as the reference year, 154 high load pressure jurisdictions (HLPJs) that contribute to eutrophication response segments in the BS were identified. Accordingly, practiced the optimized annual reduction rates of TDN, TDP, and COD in the HLPJs at 15 %, 11 %, and 2 % according to CEIII, respectively, the proportion of eutrophicated areas gradually decreased from 32 % in 2020 to 15 % in 2025 and might be 0 % in 2035 with ecosystem resilience in 2035. In particular, under the annual reduction rates of TDN and TDP optimized based on CEIII, the DIN/DIP molar ratio in the BS decreased to 16:1 by 2035. The simulation-optimization approach associated with the CEI-based TMALs for multi-nutrient control in this study might make implementing land-sea coordination more efficiency and marine nutrient regime stably. This can provide scientific and technological support for improving the health of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guohong Lin
- Material Science and Engineering College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Linping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China
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3
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Liu L, Dobson B, Mijic A. Water quality management at a critical checkpoint by coordinated multi-catchment urban-rural load allocation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117979. [PMID: 37094387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Improving river water quality at critical checkpoints, defined as locations with significant impacts on water use, to satisfy regulation standards is an important goal of sustainable catchment management. Challenges remain in investigating pollution hotspots, designing efficient target reduction, and evaluating management performance. To address these challenges, we develop a systems approach for water quality management that integrates natural physical processes with human activities and their environmental impacts. In this approach, we firstly expand the concepts of headroom (amount under a permitted value) and excess (amount exceeding a permit) onto the source, spatial, and temporal domains for water quality management. We evaluate system-wide pollution contributions by simulating physical processes in a semi-distributed integrated representation using the CatchWat-SD model. We apply the model to the Upper Thames River basin and validate it using available monitoring data. We then incorporate the evaluated headroom-excess into a coordinated load allocation to enhance the efficiency and feasibility of interventions. Load allocation scenarios where headroom-excess is coordinated at different domains are generated and simulated. Finally, we evaluate the performance of these scenarios using multi-criteria metrics to demonstrate the advantages of headroom-excess coordination. Results show that urban sources, downstream sub-catchments, and dry season flows are associated with excess, thus, enabling managers to identify which cases (pollution sources, locations, and times) to focus load reductions towards. The more a load allocation strategy coordinates headroom-excess across domains, the more target reduction is allocated to the cases with excess, and the better performance it obtains in all the criteria. The study emphasises the need to incorporate headroom-excess in load allocation, which helps to improve systems-level water quality performance more efficiently. The approach can be further expanded to water quality management at multiple checkpoints for sustainable management of regional water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Barnaby Dobson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Mijic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Yang Y, Liang S, Li K, Li Y, Li J. Integrated water-quality management indicators from river to sea: A case study of the Bohai Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114320. [PMID: 36410194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considering the interrelatedness of river and bay ecosystems, river and bay water quality management is shifting to integrated management across coastlines. Here, an integrated management indicator for the coordinated and efficient nitrogen abatement of the Bohai Sea and its basin was proposed. The terrigenous total nitrogen (TN) allocated load was optimized under the dual water quality constraints for both river and bay using a simulation-optimization method. The contributing jurisdictions were identified by their TN overload rates, and their responsibility apportionment rate for specific nitrogen-polluted segment was quantified. Integrated TN reduction scheme resulted in a 29 % greater reduction in bay and river nitrogen pollution than the equal proportion reduction approach. In 18 % of the watersheds in the Bohai basin, the water quality standards of the river were more restrictive than the standards of the bay. Integrated management scheme has higher coordination of river and sea management objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Keqiang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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5
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Jiang R, Han D, Song X, Zheng F. Numerical modeling of changes in groundwater storage and nitrate load in the unconfined aquifer near a river receiving reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36100-36114. [PMID: 35061175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reclaimed water (RW) has been widely used as an alternative water resource to recharge rivers in mega-city Beijing. At the same time, the RW also recharges the ambient aquifers through riverbank filtration and modifies the subsurface hydrodynamic system and hydrochemical characteristics. To assess the impact of RW recharge on the unconfined groundwater system, we conducted a 3D groundwater flow and solute transport model based on 10 years of sequenced groundwater monitoring data to analyze the changes of the groundwater table, Cl- loads, and NO3-N loads in the shallow aquifer after RW recharge to the river channel. The results show that the groundwater table around the river channel elevated by about 3-4 m quickly after RW recharge from Dec. 2007 to Dec. 2009, and then remained stable due to the continuous RW infiltration. However, the unconfined groundwater storage still declined overall from 2007 to 2014 due to groundwater exploitation. The storage began to recover after groundwater extraction reduction, rising from 3.76 × 108 m3 at the end of 2014 to 3.85 × 108 m3 at the end of 2017. Cl- concentrations varied from 5-75 mg/L before RW recharge to 50-130 mg/L in 2 years (2007-2009), and then remained stable. The zones of the unconfined groundwater quality affected by RW infiltration increased from 11.7 km2 in 2008 to 26.7 km2 in 2017. Cl- loads in the zone increased from 1.8 × 103 t in 2008 to 3.8 × 103 t in 2017, while NO3-N loads decreased from 29.8 t in 2008 to 11.9 t in 2017 annually. We determined the maximum area of the unconfined groundwater quality affected by RW, and groundwater outside this area not affected by RW recharge keeps its original state. The RW recharge to the river channel in the study area is beneficial to increase the groundwater table and unconfined groundwater storage with lesser environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xianfang Song
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fandong Zheng
- Department of Water Resources, Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
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Zhou P, Zhang D, Zhuang L, Zhang L, Yuan W, Singh RP. Assessment of runoff nutrients loss in Phyllostachys praecox cv. prevernalis forest land under simulated rainfall conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21874-21886. [PMID: 33411282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The loss regularity of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) of runoff under different rainfall intensity and different management practices in Phyllostachys praecox cv. prevernalis forest land was studied. The total nitrogen (TN) and CODMn concentration in runoff were significantly correlated with the rainfall intensity under the three management modes named as control, fertilization, and cover. Moreover, N mainly lost in the form of nitrate (NO3--N). Generally, the relationship between total and dissolved phosphorus (TP and DP) loss in the three management modes was estimated in following orders: coverage > fertilization > control. The loss of P was mainly in the granular state, and the loss of DP only accounted negligible amount of the TP loss. The loss of CODMn was closely related to the magnitude of rainfall intensity. Results revealed that CODMn concentration in runoff under fertilization and cover management was significantly correlated with the rain fall intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguo Zhou
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenrui Yuan
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Lin G, Xu X, Wang P, Liang S, Li Y, Su Y, Li K, Wang X. Methodology for forecast and control of coastal harmful algal blooms by embedding a compound eutrophication index into the ecological risk index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139404. [PMID: 32473442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algae bloom (HAB) is a major global ecological hazard and is a serious problem in the Bohai Sea. There have been few successful controls of HABs associated with HAB accurate predictions due to a lack of link between ecological risks and control measures. A methodology is proposed that embeds the compound eutrophication index (CEI) into an ecological risk index (ERI) for HAB prediction, which can define critical factors associated with measures of HAB control. CEI can be calculated by means of a function with 15 control elements. These are multiplied with the occurrence probability and ecosystem vulnerability to HAB events to calculate the ERI of HAB. Based on the results of CEI and ERI, it has experienced eutrophication and has been at a high-risk state since 1989 in the Bohai Sea. There is good correlation between CEI and chlorophyll a concentration, and HAB risk evaluation in accordance with ERI embedded CEI is considerable reliability in both location and time in the Bohai Sea. The ERI value averages 24% ± 35% with peak values (73% ± 4.3%) in summer, and high values (at the level of grade III of ERI, 6%) are mostly in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, Liaodong Bay and the coastal sea waters of Qinhuangdao city. The contribution of terrigenous pollutant emission and concentration effects to the ERI is 63%, with reclamation and hydrodynamic effects accounting for 22%, and runoff and sediment effects accounting for 15%. Thus, actions associated with terrigenous pollutant emission/concentration would be more effective than other measures in prevention and control of HAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Material Science and Engineering College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Su
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Elliott AH, Snelder TH, Muirhead RW, Monaghan RM, Whitehead AL, Bermeo-Alvear SA, Howarth CJ. A Heuristic Method for Determining Changes of Source Loads to Comply with Water Quality Limits in Catchments. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:272-285. [PMID: 31834426 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A common land and water management task is to determine where and by how much source loadings need to change to meet water quality limits in receiving environments. This paper addresses the problem of quantifying changes in loading when limits are specified in many locations in a large and spatially heterogeneous catchment, accounting for cumulative downstream impacts. Current approaches to this problem tend to use either scenario analysis or optimization, which suffer from difficulties of generating scenarios that meet the limits, or high complexity of optimization approaches. In contrast, we present a novel method in which simple catchment models, load limits, upstream/downstream spatial relationships and spatial allocation rules are combined to arrive at source load changes. The process iteratively establishes the critical location (river segment or lake) where the limits are most constraining, and then adjusts sources upstream of the critical location to meet the limit at that location. The method is demonstrated with application to New Zealand (268,000 km2) for nutrients and the microbial indicator E. coli, which was conducted to support policy development regarding water quality limits. The model provided useful insights, such as a source load excess (the need for source load reduction) even after mitigation measures are introduced in order to comply with E. coli limits. On the other hand, there was headroom (ability to increase source loading) for nutrients. The method enables assessment of the necessary source load reductions to achieve water quality limits over broad areas such as large catchments or whole regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Elliott
- Christchurch office of the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | - Amy L Whitehead
- Christchurch office of the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Carl J Howarth
- New Zealand Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand
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Lin G, Li K, Liang S, Li Y, Su Y, Wang X. Compound eutrophication index: An integrated approach for assessing ecological risk and identifying the critical element controlling harmful algal blooms in coastal seas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110585. [PMID: 31711683 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current ecological risk assessment and controlling element identification methods of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are not connected. Here, we identified the controlling elements by correlation and principal component analyses, and the analytic hierarchy process. A compound eutrophication index (CEI) integrating risk assessment with controlling element identification was constructed and verified using data collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The CEI results agreed with the chlorophyll-a concentration and the main eutrophication assessment results. The HAB risk assessment of the CEI was more efficient than that of the nutrient quality index and Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status. The contribution ratio of the loads and concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand) to HABs in Jiaozhou Bay was 70%. In the high-risk areas, the contribution ratio of nutrients to HABs was 77%. Therefore, terrestrial nutrient inputs must be reduced to prevent and control HABs in the north-eastern areas of Jiaozhou Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; Material Science and Engineering College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ying Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Duan K, Li K, Liang S, Li Y, Su Y, Wang X. Optimizing a coastal monitoring network using a water-quality response grid (WRG)-based sampling design for improved reliability and efficiency. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:480-489. [PMID: 31590814 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine monitoring in Bohai Sea is delivered within three networks by lacking appropriate sampling and assessment methodologies. Water-quality response grid (WRG)-based sampling design using optimization and multi-factors assessment can reliably detect a variety of environmental impacts. Which includes 5 steps: selects environmental reference factors, divides the sampling grid, sets the initial stations, optimizes the sampling stations, and assesses the proposed network's reproducibility and efficiency. We applied this method to the Bohai Sea, the networks proposed here have 225 stations for optimized special surveys (OSS) and 181 stations for optimized operational monitoring (OOM), accounting for 46.5% and 37.4% of the original station totals, respectively. Besides, the reproducibility and efficiency index (REI) of OSS and OOM stations approximately 15.4% and 13.3% higher than three current monitoring networks on average among multi-factors in 4 seasons. Thus, the method can improve the reproducibility, efficiency and land-sea spatial matching of monitoring network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shengkang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
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