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Brinkmann MT, Rong K, Xie Y, Yan T. Formation potential of disinfection byproducts during chlorination of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142057. [PMID: 38636920 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent leaks of underground fuel storage tanks in the Pearl Harbor region have led to direct release of un-weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) into drinking water sources, which then directly underwent chlorination disinfection treatment. Since the control of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) traditionally focuses natural organic matters (NOM) from source water and little is known about the interactions between free chlorine and un-weathered PHCs, laboratory chlorination experiments in batch reactors were conducted to determine the formation potential of DBPs during chlorination of PHC-contaminated drinking water. Quantitative analysis of regulated DBPs showed that significant quantities of THM4 (average 3,498 μg/L) and HAA5 (average 355.4 μg/L) compounds were formed as the result of chlorination of un-weathered PHCs. Amongst the regulated DBPs, THM4, which were comprised primarily of chloroform and bromodichloromethane, were more abundant than HAA5. Numerous unregulated DBPs and a large diversity of unidentified potentially halogenated organic compounds were also produced, with the most abundant being 1,1-dichloroacetone, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, chloropicrin, dichloroacetonitrile, and trichloracetonitrile. Together, the results demonstrated the DBP formation potential when PHC-contaminated water undergoes chlorination treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the regulated DBP production and health risks under field relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy-Tanita Brinkmann
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Kexin Rong
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA
| | - Yuefeng Xie
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA, 17057, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA; Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at, Manoa, USA.
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2
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Zhou Z, Wu F, Tong Y, Zhang S, Li L, Cheng F, Zhang B, Zeng X, Yu Z, You J. Toxicity and chemical characterization of shale gas wastewater discharged to the receiving water: Evidence from toxicity identification evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169510. [PMID: 38154638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Flowback and produced water (FPW) generated from shale gas extraction is a complex mixture consisting of injected drilling fluid, deep formation water, and byproducts of downhole reactions. Limited knowledge is available regarding the impact of discharged FPW on surface water in China. With the development of shale gas exploitation, this emphasizes an urgent need for comprehensive assessments and stringent regulations to ensure the safe disposal of shale gas extraction-related wastewater. Herein, we explored potential impacts of treated shale gas wastewater discharged into a local river in southwest China through toxicity identification evaluation (TIE). Results revealed that organics and particulates significantly contributed to the overall toxicity of the treated FPW wastewater. Through target and suspect chemical analyses, various categories of organic contaminants were detected, including alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, biocides, phenols, and phthalates. Furthermore, non-target analysis uncovered the presence of surfactant-related contaminants in tissues of exposed organisms, but their contribution to the observed toxicity was unclear due to the lack of effect data for these compounds. Higher toxicity was found at the discharge point compared with upstream sites; however, the toxicity was rapidly mitigated due to dilution in the receiving river, posing little impact on downstream areas. Our study highlighted the importance of monitoring toxicity and water quality of FPW effluent even though dilution could be a viable approach when the water volume in the discharge was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhou
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yujun Tong
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaoqiong Zhang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Abraham DG, Liberatore HK, Aziz MT, Burnett DB, Cizmas LH, Richardson SD. Impacts of hydraulic fracturing wastewater from oil and gas industries on drinking water: Quantification of 69 disinfection by-products and calculated toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163344. [PMID: 37030373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oil and gas production generates large amounts of brine wastewater called "produced water" with various geogenic and synthetic contaminants. These brines are generally used in hydraulic fracturing operations to stimulate production. They are characterized by elevated halide levels, particularly geogenic bromide and iodide. Such salt concentrations in produced water may be as high as thousands of mg/L of bromide and tens of mg/L of iodide. Large volumes of produced water are stored, transported, reused in production operations, and ultimately disposed of by deep well injection into saline aquifers. Improper disposal may potentially contaminate shallow freshwater aquifers and impact drinking water sources. Because conventional produced water treatment typically does not remove halides, produced water contamination of groundwater aquifers may cause the formation of brominated and iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) at municipal water treatment plants. These compounds are of interest because of their higher toxicity relative to their chlorinated counterparts. This study reports a comprehensive analysis of 69 regulated and priority unregulated DBPs in simulated drinking waters fortified with 1 % (v/v) oil and gas wastewater. Impacted waters produced 1.3×-5× higher levels of total DBPs compared to river water after chlorination and chloramination. Individual DBP levels ranged from (<0.1-122 μg/L). Overall, chlorinated waters formed highest levels, including trihalomethanes that would exceed the U.S. EPA regulatory limit of 80 μg/L. Chloraminated waters had more I-DBP formation and highest levels of haloacetamides (23 μg/L) in impacted water. Calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were higher for impacted waters treated with chlorine and chloramine than corresponding treated river waters. Chloraminated impacted waters had the highest calculated cytotoxicity, likely due to higher levels of more toxic I-DBPs and haloacetamides. These findings demonstrate that oil and gas wastewater if discharged to surface waters could adversely impact downstream drinking water supplies and potentially affect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas G Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Hannah K Liberatore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Md Tareq Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - David B Burnett
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, (Ret.) Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Leslie H Cizmas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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Zhu Y, Nie J, Yang X, Guan X. Degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A by ferrate(VI)-CaSO 3 process: Kinetics, products, and impacts on following disinfection by-products formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125297. [PMID: 33951873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely applied brominated flame retardants and has been widely detected in water environment, which might pose risks of brominated disinfection by-products formation in water treatment system. Ferrate(VI)-CaSO3 (Fe(VI)-CaSO3) system could effectively degrade TBBPA at pH 7.0-9.0 but the decomposition rate of TBBPA dropped with increasing pH. The presence of 0.5 mg C/L humic acid (HA) had negligible impact on TBBPA removal, but the removal of TBBPA decreased to ~87% and 80% at pH 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, in the presence of 5.0 mg C/L HA. The transformation products of TBBPA detected in Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process revealed that TBBPA degradation mainly proceeded via electron abstraction, debromination, and ring-opening pathways and Br- was released. In the presence of TBBPA, Fe(VI)-CaSO3 pre-oxidation decreased the generation of all determined DBPs during chlorination at pH 8.0 but it lessened the generation of some DBPs and slightly increased the formation of the other DBPs at pH 7.0. The toxic risk analysis showed that Fe(VI)-CaSO3 pre-oxidation of TBBPA could reduce the toxic risk of DBPs in both synthetic water and natural water at pH 8.0, indicating that Fe(VI)-CaSO3 process has the potential to be applied in practical water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianxin Nie
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Urban Water System, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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5
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Tang P, Xie W, Tiraferri A, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Li J, Lin D, Crittenden JC, Liu B. Organics removal from shale gas wastewater by pre-oxidation combined with biologically active filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117041. [PMID: 33774348 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatment technology is increasingly explored in shale gas wastewater (SGW) treatment owing to its cost effectiveness and requires efforts to improve its efficacy. In this work, ozone and ferrate(VI) oxidation pre-treatment were evaluated to enhance the performance of the subsequent biologically active filtration (BAF) in the removal of organic contaminants. The oxidation improved the SGW biodegradability and organic composition under relative high salinity (~20 g/L). Due to the degradation activity of microorganisms, the organics removal efficiency in the BAF system was observed to gradually improve and then reaching stability in long-term continuous-mode operation. The removal rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the ozone-BAF (O3-BAF) and the ferrate(VI)-BAF (Fe(VI)-BAF) systems was 83.2% and 82.8% , respectively, higher than that of BAF alone (80.9%). This increase was attributed to higher activity and content of microorganisms in O3-BAF and Fe(VI)-BAF systems. Two uncultured bacterial species with high abundance of 7.2-21.0% and 2.24-22.31% in genus Rehaibacterium and genus Methyloversatilis were significantly correlated with DOC removal and fluorescent organics removal, respectively. More research is needed to understand whether the species were new and their specific function. This study provides valuable suggestions for extracting safe water from SGW with an efficient treatment train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Wancen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China
| | - Alberto Tiraferri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Petro China Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, No.5 Fuqing Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Petro China Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, No.5 Fuqing Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, PR China
| | - Dong Lin
- Petro China Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, No.5 Fuqing Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, PR China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Ave. NW, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Baicang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Environment, Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, PR China; Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Section 2, Lingang Ave., Cuiping District, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, PR China.
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6
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Hydrodynamic and Performance Evaluation of a Porous Ceramic Membrane Module Used on the Water-Oil Separation Process: An Investigation by CFD. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020121. [PMID: 33567608 PMCID: PMC7915114 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater from the oil industry can be considered a dangerous contaminant for the environment and needs to be treated before disposal or re-use. Currently, membrane separation is one of the most used technologies for the treatment of produced water. Therefore, the present work aims to study the process of separating oily water in a module equipped with a ceramic membrane, based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach and the Shear-Stress Transport (SST k-ω) turbulence model, using the Ansys Fluent® 15.0. The hydrodynamic behavior of the water/oil mixture in the filtration module was evaluated under different conditions of the mass flow rate of the fluid mixture and oil concentration at the entrance, the diameter of the oil particles, and membrane permeability and porosity. It was found that an increase in the feed mass flow rate from 0.5 to 1.5 kg/s significantly influenced transmembrane pressure, that varied from 33.00 to 221.32 kPa. Besides, it was observed that the particle diameter and porosity of the membranes did not influence the performance of the filtration module; it was also verified that increasing the permeability of the membranes, from 3 × 10−15 to 3 × 10−13 m2, caused transmembrane pressure reduction of 22.77%. The greater the average oil concentration at the permeate (from 0.021 to 0.037 kg/m3) and concentrate (from 1.00 to 1.154 kg/m3) outlets, the higher the average flow rate of oil at the permeate outlets. These results showed that the filter separator has good potential for water/oil separation.
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A New Design of Tubular Ceramic Membrane Module for Oily Water Treatment: Multiphase Flow Behavior and Performance Evaluation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120403. [PMID: 33297473 PMCID: PMC7762366 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum has been extracted from oil reservoirs using different techniques. This activity is accompanied for a large amount of water and sometimes mixed with gas. This produced water has a high oil concentration and other toxic chemical compounds, thus, it must be treated to be reused or released to environment according to environmental protection regulations. Currently, ceramic membrane technology has been employed in the wastewater treatment, due to its high benefit–cost ratio. In this sense, this work aims to study the oil–water mixture separation process using a new configuration of tubular ceramic membrane module by computational fluid dynamic (ANSYS Fluent software). The proposed model is composed of mass and linear momentum conservation equations coupled to Darcy’s law and SST k-ω turbulence model. Results of the volumetric fraction, pressure, and velocity distribution of the oil and water phases are presented and discussed. The results indicated that the proposed model and new device both have great potential to be used on the water/oil separation process and that the transmembrane pressure remains constant in the axial direction and decreases radially through the membranes, indicating an efficient system that favors the transport of clean water and oil retention.
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8
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Huang KZ, Zhang H. Galvanic oxidation processes (GOPs): An effective direct electron transfer approach for organic contaminant oxidation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140828. [PMID: 32758851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic contaminant oxidation usually relies on the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). However, the ubiquitous anions and natural organic matter can easily scavenge ROSs and/or PMS, resulting in lower efficiencies and/or the formation of toxic byproducts. Relying on the unique long-distance electron transfer property, the recently developed Galvanic Oxidation Process (GOP) successfully achieved bisphenol A (BPA) degradation when BPA and PMS were physically separated in two reactors. In this study, we systematically investigated the performance of GOP at different PMS or BPA concentrations, pH, and ionic strength (IS) in both PMS and BPA solutions. The kinetic modeling employing the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model at different BPA concentrations suggested that although BPA and PMS were physically separated, the oxidation of the adsorbed BPA and reduction of the adsorbed PMS still followed a similar mechanism to that in traditional heterogeneous catalytic processes. The anions in the target water showed little impact on BPA degradation; higher IS enhanced the solution conductivity but inhibited BPA and electrode interactions, resulting in increased and then decrease BPA degradation rate. The electrodes presented high stability with a rate increase of 12% after 13 times of uses, and their hydration significantly facilitated BPA degradation but reduced the current by decreasing the potential difference between the anode and cathode. The graphite sheet itself without catalyst coating was also capable of shuttling electrons, while the use of a graphite fiber anode increased the BPA degradation by near 100% because of the larger surface area. The developed continuous stirred-tank reactor coupled with GOP (CSTR-GOP) achieved stable BPA degradation in less than 35 min and its scaling up is promising for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Z Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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9
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Kiattisaksiri P, Khan E, Punyapalakul P, Musikavong C, Tsang DCW, Ratpukdi T. Vacuum ultraviolet irradiation for mitigating dissolved organic nitrogen and formation of haloacetonitriles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109454. [PMID: 32278158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to investigate the feasibility of using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 185 + 254 nm) and ultraviolet (UV, 254 nm) for the reduction of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and haloacetonitrile formation potential (HANFP) of surface water and treated effluent wastewater samples. The results showed that the reduction of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, hydrophobicity (HPO), absorbance at 254 nm (UV254), and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) of both water samples by VUV was higher compared to using UV. The addition of H2O2 remarkably improved the performances of VUV and UV. VUV/H2O2 exhibited the highest removal efficiency for DOC and DON. Even though HANFP increased at the early stage, its concentration decreased (19-72%) at the end of treatment (60 min). Decreases in DON (30-41%) and DOC (51-57%) led to HANFP reduction (53-72%). Moreover, FEEM revealed that substantial reduction in soluble microbial product-like compounds (nitrogen-rich organic) had a strong correlation with HANFP reduction, implying that this group of compounds act as a main precursor of HANs. The VUV/H2O2 system significantly reduced HANFP more than UV/H2O2 and therefore is suitable for controlling HAN precursors and HAN formation in drinking water and reclaimed wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradabduang Kiattisaksiri
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University (Lampang Center), Lampang, 52190, Thailand; International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4015, United States
| | - Patiparn Punyapalakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Charongpun Musikavong
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thunyalux Ratpukdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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10
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Huang KZ, Zhang H. Highly Efficient Bromide Removal from Shale Gas Produced Water by Unactivated Peroxymonosulfate for Controlling Disinfection Byproduct Formation in Impacted Water Supplies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5186-5196. [PMID: 32202106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Shale gas extraction processes generate a large amount of hypersaline wastewater, whose spills or discharges may significantly increase the bromide levels in downstream water supplies and result in the formation of brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) upon chlorination. Although a few studies have investigated selective bromide removal from produced water, the low removal efficiencies and complex system setups are not desirable. In this study, we examined a simple cost-effective approach for selective bromide removal from produced water relying on the oxidation by unactivated peroxymonosulfate. More than 95% of bromide was removed as Br2(g) in less than 10 min under weakly acidic conditions without significant formation of Cl2(g) even when the chloride concentration was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher. A kinetic model considering the involved reactions was then developed to describe the process well under various reaction conditions. The organic compounds in the produced water neither noticeably lowered the bromide removal efficiency nor reacted with the halogen species to form halogenated byproducts. The tests in batch and continuously stirred tank reactor systems suggested that it was feasible to achieve both high bromide removal and neutral effluent pH such that further pH adjustment was not necessary before discharge. After the treatment, the effect of the produced water on DBP formation was largely eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Z Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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11
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Wang W, Xie YF, Tang HL. The haloacetic acid leap in effluent of a biologically active carbon filter experiencing a disinfectant switch. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125435. [PMID: 31812063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water utilities must disinfect their water despite the formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as haloacetic acids (HAAs) upon chlorination. Although employment of a biologically active carbon (BAC) filtration process is able to reduce the HAA level preventively by removing the HAA precursors and correctively by removing the already-formed HAAs, this research reported an HAA leap in a bench-scale BAC filter effluent upon a disinfectant switch from chlorine to chloramine, posing a pressure of meeting the stringent HAA regulations. The HAA6 (sum of six HAAs) tripled from a 5 μg/L base level to a maximum of 17 μg/L during progressive switches with 3 chloramine doses at 5, 25, and 50 mg/L. Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) accounted for the majority of the leap, which also influenced the bromine substitution factor during the HAA formation. Filtration of distilled water using heat-deactivated media evidenced slight HAA desorption and suggested potential roles of soluble microbial products from biofilms as new HAA precursors for a real BAC filter experiencing a disinfectant switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Yuefeng F Xie
- Environmental Programs, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, 17057, PA, USA
| | - H Larry Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, 15705, PA, USA.
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