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Tu IC, Yuan CS, Tseng YL, Lee CW, Lin C. Spatiotemporal variation and inter-transport of atmospheric speciated mercury between Kaohsiung Harbor and neighboring urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123039. [PMID: 38040182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatiotemporal variation, gas-particle partition, and source resolution of atmospheric speciation mercury (ASM) in Kaohsiung Harbor and neighboring Metro Kaohsiung. Four sampling sites were selected to determine the pollution characteristics and inter-transport of ASM between the port and urban areas. The yearly average GEM, GOM, and PBM concentrations were 7.13 ± 2.2 ng/m3, 331 ± 190 pg/m3, and 532 ± 301 pg/m3, respectively. Notably, GEM emerged as the predominant ASM species (85-94%), primarily originating from anthropogenic emissions from the harbor area and nearby industrial complex. The study revealed a distinct seasonal variation in ASM concentrations in the Kaohsiung Area in the following order: winter > fall > spring > summer. Concerning spatial distribution, ASM concentrations in the port areas were generally higher than those in the urban areas. This disparity was chiefly attributed to the influence of the prevailing winds, local sources, and atmospheric dispersion. Backward trajectory simulation revealed that polluted air masses blown from the northeast in winter and spring, moving along the western in-land part of Taiwan Island, were likely influenced by local sources and long-range transport (LRT). In summer, air pollutants originating from the south were likely transported from the coastal industrial sources. During fall, air masses blown from the western offshore waters transported air pollutants from Kaohsiung Harbor to neighboring Metro Kaohsiung. The results obtained from principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that primary sources in the port areas included ship emissions, vehicular exhausts, and nearby industrial complex, which align with the primary source factors identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), which were mobile sources and coal-fired industrial boilers. Meanwhile, mobile sources and sulfur-containing fuel/waste combustion were identified as the primary sources in the urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chieh Tu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shin Yuan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lian-Hai Road, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, University Road, Kaohsiung, 81148, Taiwan
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, No. 142, Haijhuan Road, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
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Nguyen TNT, Vuong QT, Lee SJ, Xiao H, Choi SD. Identification of source areas of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ulsan, South Korea, using hybrid receptor models and the conditional bivariate probability function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:140-151. [PMID: 34981807 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies the emission source areas for the atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) detected in Ulsan, South Korea. To achieve this, in addition to a conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF), two hybrid receptor models - the three-dimensional potential source contribution function (3D-PSCF) model and the 3D concentration weighted function (3D-CWT) model - were used, both of which adopt trajectory segments within the mixing layer. Notably, the fraction-weighted trajectory (FWT), a combination of PAH gas/particle partitioning with a hybrid receptor model, was introduced for the first time in this study to support the identification of emission source areas using other approaches (i.e., 3D-PSCF, 3D-CWT, and CBPF). Consequently, it was found that gaseous PAHs in Ulsan mostly originated from local emission sources (i.e., transportation and industrial emissions) throughout the year, whereas particulate PAHs were likely to originate from emission sources in China (e.g., Shandong, Hebei, and Liaoning) during spring and winter via long-range transport. However, in summer and fall, the influence of local emissions on particulate PAHs appeared to be stronger. The FWT was able to distinguish between local and distant sources more effectively, especially in summer and fall, i.e., the periods when local sources increased their contribution. This study thus increases the understanding of the long-range transport of PAHs in Northeast Asia, and the novel FWT approach exhibits the potential to be employed in the source area identification of various semi-volatile organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyet Nam Thi Nguyen
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Environmental Science, Saigon University, Ho Chi Minh City, 72710, Vietnam
| | - Quang Tran Vuong
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Gačnik J, Živković I, Ribeiro Guevara S, Jaćimović R, Kotnik J, Horvat M. Validating an Evaporative Calibrator for Gaseous Oxidized Mercury. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072501. [PMID: 33916694 PMCID: PMC8038396 DOI: 10.3390/s21072501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding atmospheric mercury chemistry is the key for explaining the biogeochemical cycle of mercury and for improving the predictive capability of computational models. Increased efforts are being made to ensure comparable Hg speciation measurements in the air through establishing metrological traceability. While traceability for elemental mercury has been recently set, this is by no means the case for gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM). Since a calibration unit suitable for traceable GOM calibrations based on evaporation of HgCl2 solution was recently developed, the purpose of our work was to extensively evaluate its performance. A highly specific and sensitive 197Hg radiotracer was used for validation over a wide range of concentrations. By comparing experimental and calculated values, we obtained recoveries for the calibration unit. The average recoveries ranged from 88.5% for 1178 ng m−3 HgCl2 gas concentration to 39.4% for 5.90 ng m−3 HgCl2 gas concentration. The losses were due to the adsorption of oxidized Hg on the inner walls of the calibrator and tubing. An adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate adsorption enthalpy (ΔHads); a ΔHads value of −12.33 kJ mol−1 was obtained, suggesting exothermal adsorption. The results of the calibrator performance evaluation suggest that a newly developed calibration unit is only suitable for concentrations of HgCl2 higher than 1 µg m−3. The concentration dependence of recoveries prevents the system from being used for calibration of instruments for ambient GOM measurements. Moreover, the previously assessed uncertainty of this unit at µg m−3 level (2.0%, k = 2) was re-evaluated by including uncertainty related to recovery and was found to be 4.1%, k = 2. Calibrator performance was also evaluated for HgBr2 gas calibration; the recoveries were much lower for HgBr2 gas than for HgCl2 gas even at a high HgBr2 gas concentration (>1 µg m−3). As HgBr2 is often used as a proxy for various atmospheric HgBr species, the suitability of the unit for such calibration must be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gačnik
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.Ž.); (R.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Igor Živković
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.Ž.); (R.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Sergio Ribeiro Guevara
- Laboratorio de Análisis por Activación Neutrónica, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Av. Bustillo km 9.5, Bariloche 8400, Argentina;
| | - Radojko Jaćimović
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.Ž.); (R.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jože Kotnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.Ž.); (R.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (I.Ž.); (R.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-588-53-55
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Mir Y, Wu S, Ma M, Mangwandi C, Mirza ZA. Mercury and its form in a dammed reservoir ecosystem during the charging phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37099-37113. [PMID: 32577982 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Throughout continents, reservoirs tend to have elevated methylmercury (MeHg) concentration transformed from mercury (Hg/total Hg). This impact may be pronounced in the reservoir with less velocity of water during the charging period resulted in the deposition of sediments. In sediments on favorable conditions, methylation may be enhanced by the decomposition of flood organic material, which can release Hg and enhance microbial activity. However, much less is known about the transfer ratio of Hg and its form MeHg from sediment to biota in the hydrological reservoir during the dam charging phase. The objective of our study was to understand the interrelationship between total Hg and MeHg in two key components sediment and fish in the reservoir ecosystem. This study was performed at the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) located on upstream of the Yangtze River in China. At the TGR charging phase, during winter time, the water level was high due to blockade of water by Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Sediment and fish samples were collected in winter season for total Hg, MeHg, and several ancillary parameters. The results showed that total Hg in sediment samples of the winter season were ranged from 6.2 ± 0.001 to 193.3 ± 0.001 × 10-3 mg/kg, with an average value of 53.76 ± 51.80 × 10-3 mg/kg, and for MeHg was ranged from 12.1 ± 0.04 to 348.7 ± 0.16 × 10-2 ng/g, with an average value of 98.96 ± 93.07 × 10-2 ng/g. Total Hg and MeHg in fish samples of the winter season were from 42.48 ± 6.71 to 166 ± 52.56 ng/g, with an average value of 76.22 ± 31.23 ng/g, and from 21.09 ± 2.31 to 61.60 ± 13.30 ng/g, with an average value of 37.89 ± 11.96 ng/g. The relationship of total Hg and MeHg concentrations in fish to those of sediments from corresponding sites showed a negative relationship. This might include a strong association of total Hg with an inorganic component of sediment (e.g., bound to sulfides or coprecipitated with other metal oxides such as manganese and iron). The average concentration of fish MeHg found in this study, at rates greater than 1.72 g/day, was estimated hazardous to human health. This study concludes sediment was acting as sequestrate for total Hg and MeHg in TGR. The bioaccumulation of total Hg and MeHg in fish was not controlled by sediment further investigation about pathological routes and dietary habits of fish needed to be identified for total Hg and MeHg study in TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mir
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Chirangano Mangwandi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, David Kier Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Zakaria Ahmed Mirza
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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Fang GC, Kao CL, Zhuang YJ, Liang GR. Particulate and particulate-bound mercury concentrations and size distributions as related to seasonal variations during peak demand/non-peak demand periods. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1513-1527. [PMID: 32935629 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1816413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The particulate size distributions of aerosol pollutants (particulates and Hg(p)) at a mixed site were measured and their seasonal variations identified. Atmospheric particulates and the Hg(p) mass median diameter (m.m.d.) were obtained. Hg(p) concentrations increased by approximately 20% during the peak demand period for all particle sizes (18, 10, 2.5, 1 and 0.3 μm). The mean percentage concentration of Hg(p) was highest in summer and followed the order summer > spring > winter > autumn for all particle sizes. Hg(p) concentration exhibited increased from 2004 to 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guor-Cheng Fang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lang Kao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jie Zhuang
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Gui-Ren Liang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Nie X, Wang Y, Mao H, Wang T, Li T, Wu Y, Li Y, Hou C, Qie G, Feng X, Shang Z, He H. Atmospheric mercury in an eastern Chinese metropolis (Jinan). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110541. [PMID: 32247960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban emissions are a major contributor to atmospheric Hg budgets. Continuous measurements of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and particulate-bound mercury (PHg) in PM2.5 were conducted from October 2015 to July 2016 in a metropolis, Jinan, in eastern China. Average TGM and PHg concentrations were 4.91 ± 3.66 ng m-3 and 451.9 ± 433.4 pg m-3, respectively, in the entire study period. During the winter heating period (HP), mean concentrations of TGM and PHg were 5.79 ng m-3 and 598.7 pg m-3, respectively, twice higher than those during the non-heating periods (NHPs). During the HP, TGM exhibited a distinct diurnal pattern with a peak in the morning and a minimum in the afternoon on less polluted days but a singular peak at midday on heavily polluted days. The diurnal variation of TGM during the NHPs was predominantly influenced by the variation in boundary layer height while during the HP by anthropogenic emissions. The ratio of PHg/PM2.5 in Jinan was one to two orders of magnitude larger than those elsewhere worldwide and those in soil and coal, which suggested the high enrichment of PHg in PM2.5 in Jinan. Correlation and principle component analysis results suggested that PHg and TGM had common combustion sources during the HP, whereas PHg resulted mainly from biomass burning and meteorological variations during the NHPs. High Hg concentrations in Jinan were mostly caused by emissions from coal-fired power plants, especially for those situated east of the sampling site. In addition, TGM and PHg concentrations significantly increased during haze and fog episodes, but decreased during a dust episode due possibly to strong ventilation conditions combined with partitioning of Hg between adsorption to PM2.5 and coarse dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Huiting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Tijian Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chenxiao Hou
- Environmental Monitoring Central Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Guanghao Qie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xin Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhaohui Shang
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying, 257237, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Gudong Petroleum Production Factory, Shengli Oilfield of Sinopec, Dongying, 257237, China
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Lyman SN, Cheng I, Gratz LE, Weiss-Penzias P, Zhang L. An updated review of atmospheric mercury. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135575. [PMID: 31784172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere is a key component of the biogeochemical cycle of mercury, acting as a reservoir, transport mechanism, and facilitator of chemical reactions. The chemical and physical behavior of atmospheric mercury determines how, when, and where emitted mercury pollution impacts ecosystems. In this review, we provide current information about what is known and what remains uncertain regarding mercury in the atmosphere. We discuss new ambient, laboratory, and theoretical information about the chemistry of mercury in various atmospheric media. We review what is known about mercury in and on solid- and liquid-phase aerosols. We present recent findings related to wet and dry deposition and spatial and temporal trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations. We also review atmospheric measurement methods that are in wide use and those that are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth N Lyman
- Bingham Research Center, Utah State University, 320 N Aggie Blvd., Vernal, UT, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Irene Cheng
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne E Gratz
- Environmental Studies Program, Colorado College, 14 East Cache la Poudre St., Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Peter Weiss-Penzias
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Developing an ANFIS-PSO Model to Predict Mercury Emissions in Combustion Flue Gases. MATHEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/math7100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of mercury content emitted from fossil-fueled power stations is of the utmost importance for environmental pollution assessment and hazard mitigation. In this paper, mercury content in the output gas of power stations’ boilers was predicted using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method integrated with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The input parameters of the model included coal characteristics and the operational parameters of the boilers. The dataset was collected from 82 sample points in power plants and employed to educate and examine the proposed model. To evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid model of the ANFIS-PSO, the statistical meter of MARE% was implemented, which resulted in 0.003266 and 0.013272 for training and testing, respectively. Furthermore, relative errors between the acquired data and predicted values were between −0.25% and 0.1%, which confirm the accuracy of the model to deal non-linearity and represent the dependency of flue gas mercury content into the specifications of coal and the boiler type.
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Xu H, Zhu Y, Wang L, Lin CJ, Jang C, Zhou Q, Yu B, Wang S, Xing J, Yu L. Source contribution analysis of mercury deposition using an enhanced CALPUFF-Hg in the central Pearl River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:1032-1043. [PMID: 31085469 PMCID: PMC7654097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric mercury (Hg) poses human health and ecological risks once deposited and bio-accumulated through food chains. Source contribution analysis of Hg deposition is essential to formulating emission control strategies to alleviate the adverse impact of Hg release from anthropogenic sources. In this study, a Hg version of California Puff Dispersion Modeling (denoted as CALPUFF-Hg) system with added Hg environmental processes was implemented to simulate the Hg concentration and deposition in the central region of the Pearl River Delta (cPRD) at 1 km × 1 km resolution. The contributions of eight source sectors to Hg deposition were evaluated. Model results indicated that the emission from cement production was the largest contributor to Hg deposition, accounting for 13.0%, followed by coal-fired power plants (6.5%), non-ferrous metal smelting (5.4%), iron and steel production (3.5%), and municipal solid waste incineration (3.4%). The point sources that released a higher fraction of gaseous oxidized mercury, such as cement production and municipal solid waste incineration, were the most significant contributors to local deposition. In this intensive industrialized region, large point sources contributed 67-94% of total Hg deposition of 6 receptors which were the nearest grid-cells from top five Hg emitters of the domain and the largest municipal solid waste incinerator in Guangzhou. Based on the source apportionment results, cement production and the rapidly growing municipal solid waste incineration are identified as priority sectors for Hg emission control in the cPRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Long Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
| | - Carey Jang
- US EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, Res Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring Centre, Guangzhou, 51000, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lian Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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10
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Long-Term Changes of Source Apportioned Particle Number Concentrations in a Metropolitan Area of the Northeastern United States. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The northeastern United States has experienced significant emissions reductions in the last two decades leading to a decrease in PM2.5, major gaseous pollutants (SO2, CO, NOx) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) concentrations. Emissions controls were implemented for coal-fired power plants, and new heavy-duty diesel trucks were equipped with particle traps and NOx control systems, and ultralow sulfur content is mandatory for both road and non-road diesel as well as residual oil for space heating. At the same time, economic changes also influenced the trends in air pollutants. Investigating the influence of these changes on ultrafine particle sources is fundamental to determine the success of the mitigation strategies and to plan future actions. Particle size distributions have been measured in Rochester, NY since January 2002. The particle sources were investigated with positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the size distributions (11–470 nm) and measured criteria pollutants during five periods (2002–2003, 2004–2007, 2008–2010, 2011–2013, and 2014–2016) and three seasons (winter, summer, and transition). Monthly, weekly, and hourly source contributions patterns were evaluated.
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