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Lin L, Lin J, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Li Z. Lipid remodelling and the conversion of lipids into sugars associated with tolerance to cadmium toxicity during white clover seed germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14433. [PMID: 38994561 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a leading environmental issue worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate Cd tolerance of 10 commercial white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars during seed germination and to further explore differences in lipid remodelling, glycometabolism, and the conversion of lipids into sugars contributing to Cd tolerance in the early phase of seedling establishment as well as the accumulation of Cd in seedlings and mature plants. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced seed germination of 10 cultivars. Compared to Cd-sensitive Sulky, Cd-tolerant Pixie accelerated amylolysis to produce more glucose, fructose, and sucrose by maintaining higher amylase and sucrase activities under Cd stress. Pixie maintained higher contents of various lipids, higher DGDG/MGDG ratio, and lower unsaturation levels of lipids, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity as well as signal transduction in cells after being subjected to Cd stress. In addition, Pixie upregulated expression levels of key genes (TrACX1, TrACX4, TrSDP6, and TrPCK1) involved in the conversion of lipids into sugars for early seedling establishment under Cd stress. These findings indicate that lipid remodelling, enhanced glycometabolism, and accelerated conversion of lipids into sugars are important adaptive strategies for white clover seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under Cd stress. In addition, Pixie not only accumulated more Cd in seedlings and mature plants than Sulky but also had significantly better growth and phytoremediation efficiency under Cd stress. Pixie could be used as a suitable and critical germplasm for the rehabilitation and re-establishment of Cd-contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junnan Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Raina R, Sharma P, Batish DR, Singh HP. Assessment of natural low molecular weight organic acids in facilitating cadmium phytoextraction by Lepidium didymus (Brassicaceae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38990-38998. [PMID: 37277587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the ability of three naturally occurring low molecular weight organic acids (tartaric, TA; citric, CA; and oxalic, OA) to improve the efficiency of cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction in Lepidium didymus L. (Brassicaceae). The plants were grown in soil containing three different concentrations, i.e., 35, 105, and 175 mg kg-1, of total Cd and 10 mM of TA, CA, and OA. After 6 weeks, plant height, dry biomass, photosynthetic traits, and metal accumulation were determined. All three organic chelants significantly increased the Cd accumulation in L. didymus plants; however, the greatest accumulation was seen with TA (TA > OA > CA). In general, Cd accumulation was the highest in the roots, followed by the stems, and the leaves. Highest BCFStem was observed upon the addition of TA (7.02) and CA (5.90) at Cd35, compared to Cd-alone (3.52) treatment. The BCF was the highest in the stem (7.02) and leaves (3.97) under Cd35 treatment supplemented with TA. The BCFRoot in the plants under different chelant treatments were in the following order: Cd35 + TA (~ 100) > Cd35 + OA (~ 84) > Cd35 + TA (~ 83). The stress tolerance index and translocation factor (root-stem) were maximal at Cd175 with TA and OA supplementation, respectively. The study concludes that L. didymus could be a viable option for Cd-remediation projects, and the addition of TA improved its phytoextraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Raina
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Padma Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Sanjana S, Jazeel K, Janeeshma E, Nair SG, Shackira AM. Synergistic interactions of assorted ameliorating agents to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 38363436 PMCID: PMC10873264 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Pollution by toxic heavy metals creates a significant impact on the biotic community of the ecosystem. Nowadays, a solution to this problem is an eco-friendly approach like phytoremediation, in which plants are used to ameliorate heavy metals. In addition, various amendments are used to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. Symbiotic microorganisms such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), endophytes, mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in the improvement of heavy metal phytoremediation potential along with promoting the growth of plants that are grown in contaminated environments. Various chemical chelators (Indole 3-acetic acid, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid, ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinic acid and nitrilotri-acetic acid) and their combined action with other agents also contribute to heavy metal phytoremediation enhancement. With modern techniques, transgenic plants and microorganisms are developed to open up an alternative strategy for phytoremediation. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are widely used novel approaches to develop competent phytoremediators. This review accounts for the synergistic interactions of the ameliorating agent's role in enhancing heavy metal phytoremediation, intending to highlight the importance of these various approaches in reducing heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanjana
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - K Jazeel
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India
| | - E Janeeshma
- Department of Botany, MES KEVEEYAM College, Valanchery, Malappuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sarath G Nair
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A M Shackira
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kerala, 670142, India.
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Li X, Li C, Chen Z, Wang J, Sun J, Yao J, Chen K, Li Z, Ye H. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics reveals toxicity of naphthalene on tall fescue and intrinsic molecular mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115975. [PMID: 38244514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous at relatively high concentrations by atmospheric deposition, and they are threatening to the environment. In this study, the toxicity of naphthalene on tall fescue and its potential responding mechanism was first studied by integrating approaches. Tall fescue seedlings were exposed to 0, 20, and 100 mg L-1 naphthalene in a hydroponic environment for 9 days, and toxic effects were observed by the studies of general physiological studies, chlorophyll fluorescence, and root morphology. Additionally, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization - High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-HRMS) was used to depict metabolic profiles of tall fescue under different exposure durations of naphthalene, and the intrinsic molecular mechanism of tall fescue resistance to abiotic stresses. Tall fescue shoots were more sensitive to the toxicity of naphthalene than roots. Low-level exposure to naphthalene inhibited the electron transport from the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) to D1 protein in tall fescue shoots but induced the growth of roots. Naphthalene induced metabolic change of tall fescue roots in 12 h, and tall fescue roots maintained the level of sphingolipids after long-term exposure to naphthalene, which may play important roles in plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China; College of Pharmacy, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Changyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China; College of Pharmacy, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zhenghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Hengpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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González-Reguero D, Robas-Mora M, Probanza Lobo A, Jiménez Gómez PA. Bioremediation of environments contaminated with mercury. Present and perspectives. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:249. [PMID: 37438584 PMCID: PMC10338569 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal whose emission sources can be both natural and the result of anthropic activity. Its polluting action on soils, and its ability to spread through the atmosphere and aquatic environments, constitutes a threat to human and environmental health; both for its bioaccumulation capacity and for biomagnification through the trophic chain. For this reason, there is a growing scientific and social interest in the reduction of this heavy metal in ecosystems. Bioremediation based on the use of microorganisms and/or plants is postulated as a sustainable alternative to traditional physicochemical methods. The main strategies used for this purpose (individually or in combination) are the volatilization of the contaminant, biosorption, phytoextraction and phytoremediation. All these tools are based on taking advantage of the natural and evolutionary capacity that different organisms have developed to adapt to the presence of various pollutants in the environment. Based on the consulted bibliography, these bioremediation methodologies focus on the use of microorganisms (freely or associated with plants) have been successfully applied in different ecosystems, postulating themselves as a respectful alternative for the future for the recovery of degraded environments. For these reasons there is a growing interest in the scientific community to design and use new techniques in a "One Health" context, which allow interpreting the positive impact of bioremediation. In this sense, the universalization of Omics techniques has allowed to abound in the knowledge of new bacterial taxa, and their biotechnological application. This study pretends to cover the present knowledge about mercury bioremediation techniques. In the same way, some new techniques and perspectives are presented in order to expand the frontiers of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Reguero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, CEU San Pablo University, Montepríncipe Campus, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte Km 5.300, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marina Robas-Mora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, CEU San Pablo University, Montepríncipe Campus, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte Km 5.300, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Agustín Probanza Lobo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, CEU San Pablo University, Montepríncipe Campus, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte Km 5.300, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio Jiménez Gómez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Health, CEU San Pablo University, Montepríncipe Campus, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte Km 5.300, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Qian L, Lin H, Li B, Dong Y. Physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of rhizosphere in complex amendment-assisted soilless revegetation of gold mine tailings. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138052. [PMID: 36739989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Amendment-assisted soilless revegetation is a promissing ecological restoration method of mine tailings because of its eco-friendliness and low-cost. However, it is difficult to establish the plant community during ecological restoration because of its nutrient deficiency and heavy metal toxicity. In this study, the complex amendment, consisting of 1% peat, 1% sludge and 4% bentonite, was used to assist tall fescue to revegetate gold mine tailings. The variation in physicochemical characteristics and microbial community diversity and composition of rhizosphere tailings were investigated. The complex amendments significantly promoted tall fescue growth with an increase of 35.33% in shoot length and 27.19% in fresh weight. The improved plant growth was attributed to the reduction in heavy metal accumulation and the variation in the characteristics of rhizosphere tailing microecology. The heavy metal concentrations in plant tissues were decreased by 27.71-53.44% in the amended groups. Compared with the control, the available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) levels in TA (without plant cultivation) and TPA (with plant cultivation) were also enhanced by 36.67-49.09% and 42.21-71.47%, respectively. Besides, the amendments introduced more exclusive operational taxonomic units (OTU) and increased the relative abundance of ecologically beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere. Overall, this study provides insight into amendment-assisted soilless revegetation and its effects on microecology to expand ecological restoration of gold mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Mubsher A, Rizwan M, Usman M, Jafir M, Umair M, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Alshamrani R, Ali S. Effect of farmyard manure, elemental sulphur and EDTA on growth and phytoextraction of cadmium by spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum L.) under Cd stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137385. [PMID: 36436583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is considered as a widespread concern at global scale which is serious threats to human health. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly approach which can remove or immobilize Cd from the soil. Different organic and inorganic amendments can potentially enhance Cd phytoremediation efficiency but the comparison of farmyard manure (FM), elemental sulphur (S) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for Cd phytoremediation through spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum L.) remained unanswered. The present study evaluated the efficiency of S (0.1 and 0.2%), EDTA (0.1 and 0.2%, represented as EDTA-0.1 and EDTA-0.2) and FM (0.5 and 1%, represented as FM-0.5 and FM-1) for remediation of Cd contaminated soils (50 and 100 mg kg-1, represented as Cd-50 and Cd-100) through spider plants. Results depicted that the highest shoots and roots dry biomass was found in FM treated plants followed by S, EDTA and control except in EDTA-0.2 treatment in which the lowest values of these parameters were observed. Application of FM-1 significantly increased the shoot dry weight (120%), root dry weight (99%), as well as photosynthetic attributes in Cd-50 as compared to control. Application of EDTA-0.2 increased the bioavailable fraction of Cd than control and the maximum increase was observed in Cd-100. The highest Cd concentrations in shoot and roots were found in EDTA treated plants followed by S, control and FM irrespective of Cd and amendment levels. Maximum Cd in roots (109%) and shoots (156%) was recorded in plants grown in Cd-100 with EDTA-0.2 than control. The maximum bioaccumulation factor, translocation index, harvest index and root to shoot translocation were observed with EDTA than control and other treatments. EDTA along with spider plants may enhance the uptake of Cd but lower biomass production in the highest dose of EDTA may questioned the efficiency of EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Arisha Mubsher
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jafir
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahma Alshamrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Fei L, Zuo S, Zhang J, Wang Z. Phytoextraction by harvesting dead leaves: cadmium accumulation associated with the leaf senescence in Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79214-79223. [PMID: 35710964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction strategy by harvesting dead leaves provides continuous phytoremediation and a great saving in disposal cost of hazardous plant residues. This strategy is entirely dependent upon the amount of cadmium (Cd) accumulated in dead leaves. However, it is unknown that whether the leaf Cd accumulation is associated with its senescence and how to regulate its Cd accumulation. This study showed that Cd was preferentially and consistently distributed to and accumulated in the senescent leaves with the new leaf emergence and the old leaf dieback under 75 μM of Cd stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Individual leaf monitoring from its emergence to senescence showed that Cd concentration increased exponentially with the leaf life cycle, while leaf biomass decreased gradually after 14 days of leaf emergence. The total amount of Cd accumulated in the leaf showed an exponential increase during leaf senescence, regardless of the leaf biomass loss. Our results demonstrated that leaf Cd accumulation was significantly associated with its senescence and the highest Cd accumulated in dead leaves could be contributed from the continuous Cd input during the leaf senescent process, indicating that further regulatory studies should be focused on the leaf senescence process to achieve higher Cd accumulation and phytoextraction efficiency by harvesting dead leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fei
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
- Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, People's Republic of China
| | - ShaoFan Zuo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaXin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoLong Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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Jia H, Yin Z, Xuan D, Lian W, Han D, Zhu Z, Li C, Li C, Song Z. Mutation of NtNRAMP3 improves cadmium tolerance and its accumulation in tobacco leaves by regulating the subcellular distribution of cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128701. [PMID: 35313160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful element that affects plant growth and development. Genetic improvements could be applied for enhancing Cd tolerance and accumulation in plants. Here, a novel Cd stress-induced gene, NtNRAMP3, was identified in tobacco. We constructed two NtNRAMP3-knockout (KO) tobacco lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which enhanced Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation in tobacco leaves compared with those in the wildtype (WT). Subcellular localization analysis suggested that NtNRAMP3 is a tonoplast protein and GUS (β-glucuronidase) histochemical analysis showed that NtNRAMP3 is highly expressed in the conductive tissue of leaves. NtNRAMP3-KO tobacco showed reduced Cd translation from vacuole to cytosol in leaves compared with the WT, and its vacuolar Cd concentration was significantly higher (20.78-22.81%) than that in the WT; in contrast, Cd concentration in the cytosol was reduced by 13.72-20.15%, preventing chlorophyll degradation and reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation in the leaves. Our findings demonstrate that NtNRAMP3 is involved in regulating Cd subcellular distribution (controlling Cd transport from vacuoles to the cytosol) and affects Cd tolerance and its accumulation in tobacco. This provides a key candidate gene to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of plants via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zhuoran Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dongdong Xuan
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenli Lian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaopeng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Niu H, Wu H, Wei X, Chen K, Pan Z. Vertical fate of Cd in soil under phytoremediation by Indian mustard and tall fescue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:221-228. [PMID: 35522845 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil columns were designed to investigate the vertical migration of Cd in Indian mustard (IM) and tall fescue (TF). The TF biomass was greater than the IM biomass, and the Cd content in IM was higher in the shoots but lower in the roots than that in TF. Both IM and TF released N and absorbed P and K during outdoor growth, differing from the results of the previous experiment in which plants were grown in greenhouses. TF was more absorbent and had less upward attraction than IM. The IM soil was more favorable for Cd precipitation than was the TF soil. Leaching remained the dominant effect, with only 2.28-3.40% and 2.65-3.90% of Cd absorbed by IM and TF, respectively. The present study on the vertical migration of Cd provides new insights into the phytoremediation mechanisms of IM and TF. HIGHLIGHTSVertical migration rate of Cd in soil was calculated.Cd precipitation in IM soil was greater and more excellence than TF soil.TF was more absorbent and had less upward attraction than IM.Leaching remained the dominant effect with only small absorb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Kang Y, Liu J, Yang L, Li N, Wang Y, Ao T, Chen W. Foliar application of flavonoids (rutin) regulates phytoremediation efficiency of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. by altering the permeability of cell membranes and immobilizing excess Cd in the cell wall. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127875. [PMID: 34902722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The gap between the current serious soil heavy metal (HM) contamination and the low efficiency of soil remediation threatens human health. The aim of this study was to propose a method to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation by exogenous rutin application and explain the potential mechanism. A series of rutin treatments were designed to evaluate the biomass, cadmium (Cd) accumulation and physiological and biochemical responses of Amaranthus hypochondriacus under different Cd stresses. The results showed a decline in cell membrane damage with rutin application, and more Cd ions were immobilized in the cell wall than in the vacuole, resulting in an increase in Cd tolerance in plants. The addition of rutin caused significant effects on the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), including the advancement of the conversion of GSH to phytochelatins (PCs). Among them, PC2 and PC3 in the leaves contributed the most to the high accumulation of Cd. Overall, the phytoremediation efficiency and phytoextraction amount of Amaranthus hypochondriacus with rutin application were improved maximumly by 219.48% and 260.00%, respectively. This study provides a constructive approach for improving the efficiency of phytoremediation by foliar application of flavonoids and contributes to the further development of soil remediation in Cd-contaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Kang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Li Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Tianqi Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Wenqing Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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12
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Zhang J, Fei L, Dong Q, Zuo S, Li Y, Wang Z. Cadmium binding during leaf senescence in Festuca arundinacea: Promotion phytoextraction efficiency by harvesting dead leaves. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133253. [PMID: 34902388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction by harvesting dead leaves is a novel cadmium (Cd) phytoremediation strategy in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), which provides feasibility for the phytoremediation of Cd-polluted soils and cleaner food production. The highest Cd in dead leaves is the result of Cd accumulation during the process of leaf senescence. However, it is not known the mechanism of Cd accumulation during the leaf senescence, which limits the phytoextraction efficiency of this technology. In this study, we found that the contents of phytochelatins (PC), glutathione (GSH), and non-protein thiols (NPT) were increased during the process of leaf senescence and Cd stress significantly promoted PC, GSH, and NPT. Transcriptome analysis showed that the pathway of glutathione metabolism was significantly enriched in the senescent leaf under Cd stress. 19 genes encoding GST, enzymes catalyzing GSH-Cd binding, were up-regulated in the senescent leaf. The increases of PC, GSH, and NPT in the senescent leaf for Cd-binding could be from the pathways of the protein degradation rather than their synthesis, because genes encoding cysteine protease (catalyzes protein degradation) were significantly promoted, but both GSH synthetase (GS) and PC synthetase (PCS) did not show the significant changes between the young and senescent leaves. Our results indicated that Cd accumulation during the leaf senescence could be the result of the promotion of Cd-binding by PC, GSH, and NPT, which provide insights into the regulatory mechanism and further genetic engineering to promote the phytoextraction efficiency by harvesting dead leaves in tall fescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ling Fei
- Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, PR China
| | - Qin Dong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shaofan Zuo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanbang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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13
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Malyan SK, Yadav S, Sonkar V, Goyal VC, Singh O, Singh R. Mechanistic understanding of the pollutant removal and transformation processes in the constructed wetland system. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1882-1909. [PMID: 34129692 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are biologically and physically engineered systems to mimic the natural wetlands which can potentially treat the wastewater from the various point and nonpoint sources of pollution. The present study aims to review the various mechanisms involved in the different types of CWs for wastewater treatment and to elucidate their role in the effective functioning of the CWs. Several physical, chemical, and biological processes substantially influence the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. Plants species Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are most widely used in CWs. The rate of nitrogen (N) removal is significantly affected by emergent vegetation cover and type of CWs. Hybrid CWs (HCWS) removal efficiency for nutrients, metals, pesticides, and other pollutants is higher than a single constructed wetland. The contaminant removal efficiency of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCW) commonly used for the treatment of domestic and municipal wastewater ranges between 31% and 99%. Biochar/zeolite addition as substrate material further enhances the wastewater treatment of CWs. Innovative components (substrate materials, plant species) and factors (design parameters, climatic conditions) sustaining the long-term sink of the pollutants, such as nutrients and heavy metals in the CWs should be further investigated in the future. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Constructed wetland systems (CWs) are efficient natural treatment system for on-site contaminants removal from wastewater. Denitrification, nitrification, microbial and plant uptake, sedimentation and adsorption are crucial pollutant removal mechanisms. Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Typha angustifolia are widely used emergent plants in constructed wetlands. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), water flow regimes, substrate, plant, and microbial biomass substantially affect CWs treatment performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Shweta Yadav
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Vikas Sonkar
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - V C Goyal
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Omkar Singh
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Hu T, Wang T, Wang G, Bi A, Wassie M, Xie Y, Xu H, Chen L. Overexpression of FaHSP17.8-CII improves cadmium accumulation and tolerance in tall fescue shoots by promoting chloroplast stability and photosynthetic electron transfer of PSII. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125932. [PMID: 34020353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement could play a significant role in enhancing the Cd accumulation, translocation and tolerance in plants. In this study, for the first time, we constructed transgenic tall fescue overexpressing a class II (CII) sHSP gene FaHSP17.8-CII, which enhanced Cd tolerance and the root-to-shoot Cd translocation. After exposed to 400 μM CdCl2, two FaHSP17.8-CII overexpressing lines (OE#3 and OE#7) exhibited 30% and 40% more shoot fresh weight, respectively, relative to the wild-type (WT). Both transgenic lines showed higher tolerance to Cd, as evidenced by lower levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde compared to the WT plants under Cd stress. FaHSP17.8-CII overexpression increased shoot Cd contents 49-59% over the WT plants. The Cd translocation factor of root-to-shoot in OE grasses was 69-85% greater than WT under Cd stress. Furthermore, overexpression of FaHSP17.8-CII reduced Cd-induced damages of chloroplast ultra-structure and chlorophyll synthesis, and then improved photosystem II (PSII) function under Cd stress, which resulted in less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in OE grasses than that in WT exposed to Cd stress. The study suggests a novel FaHSP17.8-CII-PSII-ROS module to understand the mechanisms of Cd detoxification and tolerance, which provides a new strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-stressed grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Guangyang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Aoyue Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huawei Xu
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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15
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Zhao YP, Cui JL, Chan TS, Chen YH, Li XD. Mechanistic insight into the interactions of EDDS with copper in the rhizosphere of polluted soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115453. [PMID: 33254714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradable S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) is a promising chelant for chelant-assisted phytoextraction of trace metals in polluted soil. The interactions between EDDS and trace metals/major elements in the soil affect the metal bioavailability and their subsequent phytoextraction efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the macroscopic and molecular-level interactions of EDDS with Cu in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of a Cu-polluted agricultural soil. A multi-interlayer rhizobox planted with ryegrass was used to simulate the transport of EDDS and Cu from the non-rhizosphere to rhizosphere soils. The results showed that EDDS (5 mM kg-1) significantly dissociated Cu (285-690 fold), Fe (by 3.47-60.2 fold), and Al (2.43-5.31 fold) from the soil in comparison with a control group. A combination of micro-X-ray fluorescence, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, and sequential extraction analysis revealed that EDDS primarily chelated the adsorbed fraction of Cu by facilitating the dissolution of goethite. Moreover, as facilitated by ryegrass transpiration, CuEDDS was moved from the non-rhizosphere to rhizosphere and accumulated in ryegrass. In situ processes of Cu extraction and transport by EDDS in the rhizosphere were further elucidated with chemical speciation analysis and geochemical modeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jin-Li Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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16
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He X, Xu M, Wei Q, Tang M, Guan L, Lou L, Xu X, Hu Z, Chen Y, Shen Z, Xia Y. Promotion of growth and phytoextraction of cadmium and lead in Solanum nigrum L. mediated by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111333. [PMID: 32979802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a specific category of microbes that improve plant growth and promote greater tolerance to metal stress through their interactions with plant roots. We evaluated the effects of phytoremediation combining the cadmium accumulator Solanum nigrum L. and two Cd- and Pb-resistant bacteria isolates. To understand the interaction between PGPR and their host plant, we conducted greenhouse experiments with inoculation treatments at Nanjing Agricultural University (Jiangsu Province, China), in June 2018. Two Cd- and Pb-resistant PGPR with various growth-promoting properties were isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soil. 16S rRNA analyses indicated that the two isolates were Bacillus genus, and they were named QX8 and QX13. Pot experiments demonstrated that inoculation may improve the rhizosphere soil environment and promote absorption of Fe and P by plants. Inoculation with QX8 and QX13 also enhanced the dry weight of shoots (1.36- and 1.7-fold, respectively) and roots (1.42- and 1.96-fold) of plants growing in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil, and significantly increased total Cd (1.28-1.81 fold) and Pb (1.08-1.55 fold) content in aerial organs, compared to non-inoculated controls. We also detected increases of 23% and 22% in the acid phosphatase activity of rhizosphere soils inoculated with QX8 and QX13, respectively. However, we did not detect significant differences between inoculated and non-inoculated treatments in Cd and Pb concentrations in plants and available Cd and Pb content in rhizosphere soils. We demonstrated that PGPR-assisted phytoremediation is a promising technique for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils, with the potential to enhance phytoremediation efficiency and improve soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingjing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingpeng Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Likang Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Laiqing Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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17
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Kanwar VS, Sharma A, Srivastav AL, Rani L. Phytoremediation of toxic metals present in soil and water environment: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44835-44860. [PMID: 32981020 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most hazardous inorganic contaminants of both water and soil environment composition. Normally, heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature because of their long persistence in the environment. Trace amounts of heavy metal contamination may pose severe health problems in human beings after prolonged consumption. Many instrumental techniques such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, etc. have been developed to determine their concentration in water as well as in the soil up to ppm, ppb, or ppt levels. Recent advances in these techniques along with their respective advantages and limitations are being discussed in the present paper. Moreover, some possible remedial phytoremediation approaches (phytostimulation, phytoextraction, phyotovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization) have been presented for the removal of the heavy metal contamination from the water and soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh Kanwar
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Arun Lal Srivastav
- Chitkara University School of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
| | - Lata Rani
- School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
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18
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Zhu H, Ai H, Hu Z, Du D, Sun J, Chen K, Chen L. Comparative transcriptome combined with metabolome analyses revealed key factors involved in nitric oxide (NO)-regulated cadmium stress adaptation in tall fescue. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:601. [PMID: 32867669 PMCID: PMC7457814 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) could ameliorate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tall fescue; however, the underlying mechanisms of NO mediated Cd detoxification are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification process by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. RESULTS The application of Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as NO donor decreased the Cd content of tall fescue by 11% under Cd stress (T1 treatment), but the Cd content was increased by 24% when treated with Carboxy-PTIO (c-PTIO) together with Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (T2 treatment). RNA-seq analysis revealed that 904 (414 up- and 490 down-regulated) and 118 (74 up- and 44 down-regulated) DEGs were identified in the T1 vs Cd (only Cd treatment) and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. Moreover, metabolite profile analysis showed that 99 (65 up- and 34-down- regulated) and 131 (45 up- and 86 down-regulated) metabolites were altered in the T1 vs Cd and T2 vs Cd comparisons, respectively. The integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that 81 DEGs and 15 differentially expressed metabolites were involved in 20 NO-induced pathways. The dominant pathways were antioxidant activities such as glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, secondary metabolites such as flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and nitrogen metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results revealed that there are three major mechanisms involved in NO-mediated Cd detoxification in tall fescue, including (a) antioxidant capacity enhancement; (b) accumulation of secondary metabolites related to cadmium chelation and sequestration; and (c) regulation of cadmium ion transportation, such as ABC transporter activation. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the NO-mediated cadmium stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Honglian Ai
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
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19
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Zhu H, Chen L, Xing W, Ran S, Wei Z, Amee M, Wassie M, Niu H, Tang D, Sun J, Du D, Yao J, Hou H, Chen K, Sun J. Phytohormones-induced senescence efficiently promotes the transport of cadmium from roots into shoots of plants: A novel strategy for strengthening of phytoremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122080. [PMID: 31954299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the long growth period of plants, phytoremediation is time costly. Improving the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in shoots of plants will promote the efficiency of phytoremediation. In this study, two senescence-relative phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), were applied to strengthening phytoremediation of Cd by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea S.). Under hydroponic culture, phytohormones treatment increased the Cd content of shoots 11.4-fold over the control, reaching 316.3 mg/kg (dry weight). Phytohormones-induced senescence contributes to the transport of heavy metals, and HMA3 was found to play a key role in this process. Additionally, this strategy could strengthen the accumulation of Cu and Zn in tall fescue shoots. Moreover, in soil pot culture, the strategy increased shoot Cd contents 2.56-fold over the control in tall fescue, and 2.55-fold over the control in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), indicating its comprehensive adaptability and potential use in the field. In summary, senescence-induced heavy metal transport is developed as a novel strategy to strengthen phytoremediation. The strategy could be applied at the end of phytoremediation with an additional short duration (7 days) with comprehensive adaptability, and markedly strengthen the phytoremediation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology & CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology & CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology & CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shangmin Ran
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhihui Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Maurice Amee
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology & CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Misganaw Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology & CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Diyong Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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Application of Floating Aquatic Plants in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12051927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-metal (HM) pollution is considered a leading source of environmental contamination. Heavy-metal pollution in ground water poses a serious threat to human health and the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional treatment technologies to remove the pollutants from wastewater are usually costly, time-consuming, environmentally destructive, and mostly inefficient. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective green emerging technology with long-lasting applicability. The selection of plant species is the most significant aspect for successful phytoremediation. Aquatic plants hold steep efficiency for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Duck weed (Lemna minor) along with some other aquatic plants are prominent metal accumulator plants for the remediation of heavy-metal polluted water. The phytoremediation potential of the aquatic plant can be further enhanced by the application of innovative approaches in phytoremediation. A summarizing review regarding the use of aquatic plants in phytoremediation is gathered in order to present the broad applicability of phytoremediation.
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He X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun C, Deng X, Qian M, Hu Z, Li R, Chen Y, Shen Z, Xia Y. Polyaspartate and liquid amino acid fertilizer are appropriate alternatives for promoting the phytoextraction of cadmium and lead in Solanum nigrum L. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124483. [PMID: 31404738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional metal chelators, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), have been gradually replaced due to their poor biodegradability in soil and high risk of heavy metal leaching into groundwater, which pose high environmental risks to the health of humans and animals. In this study, a liquid amino acid fertilizer (LAAF, waste proteins from hydrolysates of animal carcasses) and polyaspartate (PASP) were used as additives to enhance the phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from contaminated soil. We conducted pot experiments to investigate the phytoextraction capacity of Solanum nigrum, a Cd accumulator, grown on soil highly contaminated with Cd and Pb in the absence (as controls) or presence of PASP and LAAF. Both PASP and LAAF significantly improved plant growth, Cd accumulation, and total Cd and Pb content in S. nigrum shoots and roots. PASP and LAAF application promoted Cd translocation from roots to shoots in S. nigrum and Cd bio-accessibility in rhizosphere soils, but this was not the case for Pb. Both PASP and LAAF increased Cd and Pb phytoextraction by S. nigrum plants, and Cd phytoextraction was more effective in LAAF-assisted S. nigrum than in PASP-assisted S. nigrum. These findings demonstrate that the low cost and ecofriendly features of recycled waste proteins make them good candidates for chelant-enhanced phytoextraction from heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman He
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yingnan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuanyu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Meng Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Rong Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Wang K, Liu Y, Song Z, Wang D, Qiu W. Chelator complexes enhanced Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124480. [PMID: 31394449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of degradable chelating agent to enhance phytoextraction is a promising and low-cost method for remediation of heavy metals-polluted soil. However, very limited information is available regarding the effect of chelating agent combinations on plant growth and its capacity to extract metals. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the applicability of [N, N]-bis glutamic acid (GLDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), [S, S]- ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS), and citric acid (CA) alone and in combination to enhance the phytoextraction efficiency of amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) in two Cd-contaminated agricultural soils (S1 soil 2.12 mg/kg and S2 soil 2.89 mg/kg; the environmental standard value of Cd in agricultural soils in China is lower than 0.8 mg/kg). The results showed that, except for EDDS, other treatments had no obvious effect on plant biomass, and even promoted biomass increase to reach 1.06 (S1), 2.07 (S2) g/pot. The increase in total Cd extraction amount by 5 mM of single chelators GLDA and NTA reached 3.87 and 2.81 (S1), and 3.28 and 2.50 (S2) times that of the control group, respectively. For complexed chelating agents, G-N (GLDA + NTA) combinations (GLDA = 3 mM, NTA = 2 mM) extracted the highest amount of Cd compared with other treatments, reaching 0.36 and 0.52 mg/pot (4.50 and 3.71 times that of the control group), respectively. The order of extraction amount was G-N > GLDA > NTA > G-E (GLDA + EDDS) > G-C (GLDA + CA) > CA (5 mM total Cd concentration). Moreover, soil enzyme activity of G-N treatment increased significantly compared to that of the control group, indicating the great application potential of a composite chelating agent relative to a single chelating agent. Therefore, degradable chelators, especially the G-N combination, can effectively increase the available Cd content and greatly enhance the ability of plants to absorb and transport Cd in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Di Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag, 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Zhang Y, Ji H. Physiological responses and accumulation characteristics of turfgrasses exposed to potentially toxic elements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:796-807. [PMID: 31228693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance and enrichment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in plants are the most important basis of phytoremediation technology for mining area soils. The aim of this research was to study PTEs tolerance, translocation and accumulation differences in three turfgrass species and the biochemical changes of plants and soils. Three turfgrass species were cultured on soils contaminated by single and compound PTEs. Pb, Zn, Cd and As concentrations and biochemical indicators in plant (root and shoot) and soil were determined. Moreover, the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The studied plants showed strong tolerance and high enrichment ability to Pb, Zn, Cd and As in soil under different PTE concentration gradient stress. Festuca arundinacea had the strongest tolerance to PTEs, whereas Medicago sativa L. had the best tolerance to PTEs. Among all the measured growth or biochemical indicators, the relative growth rate and enzymatic activity of Orychophragmus violaceus were most sensitive to stress. The bioconcentration and translocation factors of Medicago sativa L. for Cd were 1.60 and 1.17, respectively, indicating that it was the most suitable plant for extracting Cd. Compared with other plants, Festuca arundinacea had the most significant effect on soil environment improvement, increasing the soil enzyme activities and microbial community after phytoremediation. This study indicates that Medicago sativa L. can be a potential phytoextraction plant to remove Cd, whereas Festuca arundinacea is more suitable as a cover plant to prevent the dispersion of contaminants in polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Vardhan KH, Kumar PS, Panda RC. A review on heavy metal pollution, toxicity and remedial measures: Current trends and future perspectives. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dong Q, Fei L, Wang C, Hu S, Wang Z. Cadmium excretion via leaf hydathodes in tall fescue and its phytoremediation potential. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1406-1411. [PMID: 31260940 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of the soil is one of the most serious environmental problems of agricultural production. Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention because it can safely remove the soil contaminates via plant uptake, accumulations and plant harvesting. However, the high Cd toxicity to plant tissues and treatment of the large amount of hazardous plant residues from phytoremediation have limited its commercial implementation. Here we show that the leaves of the tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) can excrete Cd out to avoid Cd toxicity in plant tissues. Cd specific fluorescence spectroscopy with laser confocal scanning microscope, screening electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy and guttation fluids analysis confirmed that leaf hydathodes were the pathway of Cd excretion in tall fescue. Element analysis showed that Cd was preferentially excreted out when compared to the ion nutrients. The amount of leaf Cd excretion was linearly increased in response to the Cd stress period. The phytoremediation efficiency was evaluated to remove 14.4% of soil Cd annually by the leaf Cd excretion in our experimental system. These findings indicate that a novel strategy of Cd phytoexcretion based on washing-off and collection of leaf surface Cd is feasible to avoid Cd toxic in plant tissues and the high treatment cost of hazardous plant residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dong
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Fei
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, 13676, USA
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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