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Sharma L, Kudłak B, Siedlewicz G, Pazdro K. The effects of the IM1-12Br ionic liquid and the oxytetracycline mixture on selected marine and brackish microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165898. [PMID: 37527710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The number of applications and commercialized processes utilizing ionic liquids has been increasing, and it is anticipated that this trend will persist and even intensify in the future. Ionic liquids possess desirable characteristics, such as low vapor pressure, good water solubility, amphiphilicity, and stability. Nevertheless, these properties can influence their environmental behavior, resulting in resistance to biotic and abiotic degradation and subsequent water contamination with more harmful derivatives. However, there is a notable scarcity of data regarding the impact of mixtures comprising ionic liquids and other micropollutants. Identifying potential potentiation of ionic liquids (Ils) toxicity in the presence of other xenobiotics is a proactive risk assessment measure. Therefore, the study aims to fill an important knowledge gap and identify possible interactions between imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IM1-12Br) and the common antibiotic oxytetracycline (OXTC). During 11-day experiments, selected marine, brackish and freshwater microorganisms (diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and green algae Chlorella vulgaris) were exposed to binary mixtures of target substances. The assessed responses encompassed chlorophyll a kinetic parameters related to photosynthesis efficiency, as well as pigment concentrations, specifically phycobilin content. Additionally, the impact on the luminescent marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri has been evaluated. Significant effects on the growth, photosynthetic processes, and pigment content were observed in all the targeted microorganisms. The concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) mathematical models followed by the Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) evaluation enabled the identification of mainly synergistic interactions in the studied mixtures. The findings of present study offer valuable insights into the impacts of ionic liquids and other organic micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianna Sharma
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Błażej Kudłak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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2
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Vieira Sanches M, Oliva M, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, De Marchi L, Freitas R, Pretti C. In vitro screening of imidazolium and pyrrolidinium based ionic liquids toxicity on subcellular fractions of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104305. [PMID: 37898323 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered eco-friendly alternatives to conventional organic solvents. However, several studies have reported that ILs exert toxicity towards aquatic invertebrates. Applying in vitro methodology, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of three ILs on the biochemical performance of exposed Mytilus galloprovincialis digestive gland and gills cellular fractions. Carboxylesterase might be involved in the derived toxicity mechanism of ILs as activity levels increased significantly in digestive gland exposed fractions. This group of ILs did not seem to induce genotoxicity, except in gills cellular fractions exposed to 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. In the literature, in vitro methodology has been suggested as an important complement to animal testing and in silico studies. The present research underlines its efficacy as a quick pre-screening before in vivo testing, particularly with heterogenic groups of substances with high variability in composition, such as ILs and deep eutectic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Vieira Sanches
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Matteo Oliva
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci", 57128 Livorno, Italy; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56122 San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
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3
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Duan Z, Wang Y, Ouyang B, Wang P. Efficient asymmetric synthesis of ethyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate by recombinant Escherichia coli cells under high substrate loading using eco-friendly ionic liquids as cosolvent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023:10.1007/s00449-023-02897-y. [PMID: 37393574 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) which synthesized from bio-renewable materials have recently attracted much attention for their applications in biocatalysis. Ethyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ((R)-EHB) as a versatile chiral intermediate is of great interest in pharmaceutical synthesis. This study focuses on evaluating the performances of choline chloride (ChCl)-based and tetramethylammonium (TMA)-based neoteric ILs in the efficient synthesis of (R)-EHB via the bioreduction of ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) at high substrate loading by recombinant Escherichia coli cells. It was found that choline chloride/glutathione (ChCl/GSH, molar ratio 1:1) and tetramethylammonium/cysteine ([TMA][Cys], molar ratio 1:1) as eco-friendly ILs not only enhanced the solubility of water-insoluble EAA in the aqueous buffer system, but also appropriately improved the membrane permeability of recombinant E. coli cells, thus boosting catalytic reduction efficiency of EAA to (R)-EHB. In the developed ChCl/GSH- or [TMA][Cys]-buffer systems, the space-time yields of (R)-EHB achieved 754.9 g/L/d and 726.3 g/L/d, respectively, which are much higher than neat aqueous buffer system (537.2 g/L/d space-time yield). Meanwhile, positive results have also been demonstrated in the bioreduction of other prochiral ketones in the established IL-buffer systems. This work exhibits an efficient bioprocess for (R)-EHB synthesis under 325 g/L (2.5 M) substrate loading, and provides promising ChCl/GSH- and [TMA][Cys]-buffer systems employed in the biocatalysis for hydrophobic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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Toxicity of ionic liquids in marine and freshwater microorganisms and invertebrates: state of the art. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39288-39318. [PMID: 36745344 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The variety of applications and expected growth in ionic liquid production are raising concerns about the release of these compounds into aquatic systems. Up to date, 103 studies have provided ecotoxicological data regarding the exposure effects of Ionic Liquids towards aquatic microorganisms and invertebrate species: 61 were devoted to freshwater species (n = 28), while marine species (n = 12) were mentioned in 42. The aim of this review, by gathering published studies on ionic liquids and model aquatic organisms, was to present the toxic effects described in distinct species and to understand which are the main factors influencing the toxicity of some ionic liquids. In accordance with the most recognized pattern, freshwater species were featured in a higher number of publications than marine ones. After literature analysis, algal species were the most represented organisms in aquatic toxicity assessments. Among tested compounds, the imidazolium cations in combination with long alkyl-chain anions, showed to be the most toxic one. In analytical terms, it is not straightforward to find the undissociated compound in a natural compartment, as ionic liquids are composed of ionic components, easily subjected to dissociation. Given the aforementioned, the present review paper points out the need of increasing the number of organisms being assessed in ionic liquids toxicity assays, in order to start defining monitoring procedures. Moreover, such would allow a better understanding of ionic liquids contamination status and, also, the opportunity to remark the effectiveness of new in silico methods for the ecotoxicity assessment of this kind of substances.
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Liu Q, Gao K, Li L, Yang M, Gao Z, Deng X. Salinity fluctuation influences the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 8mim]Cl) to a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114379. [PMID: 36435022 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) was exposed to 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl) for 96 h at three different salinities (25, 35, and 45 ‰) for investigating their interactive effects. Results showed that values of EC10 and EC50 at 96 h of exposure were 0.29, 1.06, 2.01 μg L-1 and 7.21, 7.71, 7.25 mg L-1 when the salinities were 25, 35, and 45 ‰, respectively, meaning that salinity fluctuation affected the toxicity of [C8mim]Cl to this diatom. Changes in chlorophyll a contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggested that [C8mim]Cl and salinity fluctuation had a significant interactive effect on the algal photosynthesis. In addition, soluble protein content and activities of antioxidant enzymes in algal cells changed significantly. Increased malondialdehyde contents indicated that the combined stresses could induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage to the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Chu L, Hou X, Song X, Zhao X. Toxicological effects of different ionic liquids on growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress, and ultrastructure of Nostoc punctiforme and the combined toxicity with heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134273. [PMID: 35276117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs1) are used widely because of their excellent properties. However, their ecotoxicity for environment has aroused great concern. Here we studied, the toxicity of three ILs with different numbers of methyl substituents and anions as well as the combined effect of heavy metals to edible algae Nostoc punctiforme. The results show that fresh weight and chlorophyll content decreased, indicating that the growth and photosynthesis were adversely affected. Polysaccharides and soluble protein contents decreased, resulting in a reduced nutritional value of Nostoc punctiforme. ILs can produce many reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In order to remove excessive ROS, antioxidant enzymes activity is increased, but decreases under high IL concentration, because the structure and function of the enzymes became damaged. ILs cause stress to algae, as the cell ultrastructure is indicating by increased amounts of starch and osmiophilic globules. The combined action of heavy metals with ILs decreases the antioxidant enzymes activity and chlorophyll content, and increases the MDA content. The results show that the order of toxicity is [C8MIM]Cl >[C8MIM]Br> [C8DMIM]Br. The combination of heavy metals and ILs cause an increase of the toxicity to Nostoc punctiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xinshan Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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Tecuapa-Flores D, Guadalupe Hernández J, Alejandro Reyes Domínguez I, Turcio-Ortega D, Cruz-Borbolla J, Thangarasu P. Understanding of benzimidazole based ionic liquid as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Dong J, Li L, Liu Q, Yang M, Gao Z, Qian P, Gao K, Deng X. Interactive effects of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microplastics and salinity variation on a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133240. [PMID: 34896422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Until now, knowledge about the interactive effects of microplastics and environmental factors on primary producers is quite limited. In this work, a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) was exposed to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microplastics at different salinities (25, 35, and 45‰) for 10 days in order to study their interactive effects. Results showed that growth of P. tricornutum was negatively affected by PMMA microplastics and salinity variation with a minimum EC50 value of 91.75 mg L-1. Photosynthetic activity of P. tricornutum was also inhibited by the two factors, and their interactive effects on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII) were significant. In the algal cells, soluble protein accumulated, activities of two antioxidant enzymes changed, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased when this diatom was exposed to the microplastics at different salinities. These data would help to evaluate the risks of microplastics to primary producers under different environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Dong
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqing Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingkang Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wei P, Pan X, Chen CY, Li HY, Yan X, Li C, Chu YH, Yan B. Emerging impacts of ionic liquids on eco-environmental safety and human health. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13609-13627. [PMID: 34812453 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, ionic liquids (ILs) have been rapidly applied in diverse areas, such as organic synthesis, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, functional materials, pharmaceutics, and biomedicine. The increase in the production and application of ILs has resulted in their release into aquatic and terrestrial environments. Because of their low vapor pressure, ILs cause very little pollution in the atmosphere compared to organic solvents. However, ILs are highly persistent in aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their stability, and therefore, potentially threaten the safety of eco-environments and human health. Specifically, the environmental translocation and retention of ILs, or their accumulation in organisms, are all related to their physiochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity. Based on results of ecotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and toxicity in mammalian models, the mechanisms involved in IL-induced toxicity include damage of cell membranes and induction of oxidative stress. Recently, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques have been used in mining and modeling toxicity data to make meaningful predictions. Major future challenges are also discussed. This review will accelerate our understanding of the safety issues of ILs and serve as a guideline for the design of the next generation of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xiujiao Pan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hsin-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Xiliang Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China. .,Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Cho CW, Pham TPT, Zhao Y, Stolte S, Yun YS. Review of the toxic effects of ionic liquids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147309. [PMID: 33975102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Interest in ionic liquids (ILs), called green or designer solvents, has been increasing because of their excellent properties such as thermal stability and low vapor pressure; thus, they can replace harmful organic chemicals and help several industrial fields e.g., energy-storage materials production and biomaterial pretreatment. However, the claim that ILs are green solvents should be carefully considered from an environmental perspective. ILs, given their minimal vapor pressure, may not directly cause atmospheric pollution. However, they have the potential to cause adverse effects if leaked into the environment, for instance if they are spilled due to human mistakes or technical errors. To estimate the risks of ILs, numerous ILs have had their toxicity assessed toward several micro- and macro-organisms over the past few decades. Since the toxic effects of ILs depend on the method of estimating toxicity, it is necessary to briefly summarize and comprehensively discuss the biological effects of ILs according to their structure and toxicity testing levels. This can help simplify our understanding of the toxicity of ILs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the key findings of toxicological information of ILs, collect some toxicity data of ILs to different species, and explain the influence of IL structure on their toxic properties. In the discussion, we estimated two different sensitivity values of toxicity testing levels depending on the experiment condition, which are theoretical magnitudes of the inherent sensitivity of toxicity testing levels in various conditions and their changes in biological response according to the change in IL structure. Finally, some perspectives, future research directions, and limitations to toxicological research of ILs, presented so far, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Thi Phuong Thuy Pham
- Faculty of Biotechnology, HoChiMihn University of Food Industry, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Bergstraße 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yeoung-Sang Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beakje-dearo, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea.
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11
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Fallah Z, Zare EN, Khan MA, Iftekhar S, Ghomi M, Sharifi E, Tajbakhsh M, Nikfarjam N, Makvandi P, Lichtfouse E, Sillanpaa M, Varma RS. Ionic liquid-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment, air filtration, food packaging and anticorrosion coatings. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102454. [PMID: 34102390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to widen the scope of ionic liquids applications across diverse research areas have flourished in the last two decades with developments in understanding and tailoring their physical, chemical, and biological properties. The promising applications of ionic liquids-based materials as antimicrobial systems is due to their ability and flexibility to be tailored in varying sizes, morphologies, and surface charges. Ionic liquids are also considered as greener materials. Common methods for the preparation of ionic liquid-based materials include crosslinking, loading, grafting, and combination of ionic liquids with other polymeric materials. Recent research focuses on the tuning of the biological properties to design novel ionic liquids-based antimicrobial materials. Here, the properties, synthesis and applications of ionic liquids and ionic liquids-based materials are reviewed with focus on antimicrobial activities applied to water treatment, air filtration, food packaging, and anticorrosion.
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12
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Zhu Y, Zhong X, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Huang H. Growth Performance and Antioxidative Response of Chlorella pyrenoidesa, Dunaliella salina, and Anabaena cylindrica to Four Kinds of Ionic Liquids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1945-1966. [PMID: 33528747 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are widely used for lipid and pigment extractions from microalgae. It is possible that ionic liquids are discharged into environments. The evaluation of growth performance and antioxidative response of ionic liquids to microalgae is helpful to explore the stress regulation mechanism and investigate possible environmental risk. Ionic liquids induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to microalgae. These oxidative stresses are possible from cations, anions, and salinity. In this study, the growth inhibitions of [BMIM]Br, [BMIM]Cl, [EMIM]Cl, and [EMIM]EtOSO3 to Anabaena cylindrica, Chlorella pyrenoidesa, and Dunaliella salina were evaluated. It was interesting that Br- and two kinds of cations, [BMIM] and [EMIM], had significant effects on growth inhibitions of these microalgae. IC50 values of these ionic liquids for A. cylindrica, C. pyrenoidesa, and D. salina were also estimated based on the results of growth inhibitions. It was proved that [EMIM]Cl is relatively harmless to C. pyrenoidesa and D. salina, and [EMIM]EtOSO3 is relatively or practically harmless to C. pyrenoidesa. [BMIM]Br and [BMIM]Cl are practically harmless to A. cylindrica and C. pyrenoidesa, and relatively harmless to D. salina. More than 0.8 g/L [EMIM]EtOSO3 led to bleaching of both A. cylindrica and D. salina at 48 h which was shown that the anion, EtOSO3-, had higher inhibition to A. cylindrica and D. salina than Cl-. In addition, high concentration of ionic liquids led to reductions of chlorophyll content in these three kinds of microalgae, increase of ROS levels and malondialdehyde contents for most of the cases. High concentration of ionic liquids also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase in three kinds of microalgae. There were positive correlations between ROS levels or MDA content, and inhibitions ratios of these ionic liquids to microalgae except [EMIM]Cl to A. cylindrica. These antioxidant enzymes were beneficial for reducing the ROS induced by ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 Puzhu South Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Maradonna F, Ancillai D, Notarstefano V, Valenti A, Leoni T, Carnevali O. An integrated approach to evaluate port sediment quality: From chemical characterization to multispecies bioassays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141204. [PMID: 32768784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Management of dredged sediments results in an environmental and social cost. Based on their level of contamination, they can be intended for beach nourishment or for alternative uses. Sediment quality is established considering their specific chemical contamination level and setting up bioassays to evaluate their toxic effects on living organisms. The integration of these different Line of Evidence (LOE) generates toxicity indexes, the Hazard Chemical Quotient (HQc), and the Hazard Ecotoxicological Quotient (HQe), which are further elaborated using the SediQualSoft software, finally providing evidence on the levels of sediment contamination. In this study, four different dredged sediments were analysed. Except for one, which was sampled in a reference area, the others were assigned to the same class of toxicity, despite they presented different levels of chemical and ecotoxicological toxicity. As a novelty, this study introduces transcriptomics as a new LOE, to provide a new tool to better categorize sediment toxicity. C. gigas embryos were exposed to sediment elutriates, sampled at 5 and 18 h post-fertilization (hpf), and the expression of a set of genes involved in immune and stress response (hsp70, gpx, sod, dehf1, galectin, lysozyme, tg) was analysed by Real-time PCR. Molecular results suggested that the 18 hpf stage represents a sensitive window of exposure during development and can be suggested as a critical time point for ecotoxicity studies. Finally, by multivariate statistical analysis, integrating the well-established LOEs with molecular data, it was demonstrated that transcriptomics could be a useful and novel LOE with the ability to provide greater accuracy in the assessment of sediment toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Maradonna
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi - Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Ancillai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valenti
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale delle Marche, Via Federico II 41, Villa Potenza, 62100 Macerata, MC, Italy
| | - Tristano Leoni
- Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale delle Marche, Via Federico II 41, Villa Potenza, 62100 Macerata, MC, Italy
| | - Oliana Carnevali
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi - Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
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García Rojas LM, Huerta-Aguilar CA, Tecuapa-Flores ED, Huerta-José DS, Thangarasu P, Sidhu JS, Singh N, de la Luz Corea Téllez M. Why ionic liquids coated ZnO nanocomposites emerging as environmental remediates: Enhanced photo-oxidation of 4-nitroaniline and encouraged antibacterial behavior. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B, Podsiadło C, Śnioszek M, Telesiński A. The reaction of cucumber to the introduction of ionic liquids into the soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34182-34198. [PMID: 32557039 PMCID: PMC7423810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the influence of two bromides, tetrabutylammonium and tetrabutylphosphonium, on the growth and development of cucumber seedlings. The tests were performed at two dates, i.e. 10 and 20 days, after the introduction of increasing amounts of ionic liquids (ILs) into the soil. The applied ILs showed phytotoxicity dependent mainly on the concentration of the substance, which is proved by the inhibition of the length of aboveground parts and their roots and the yield of cucumber fresh mass, from which EC50 values were calculated. The phytotoxicity symptoms were the result of oxidative stress, one of the manifestations of which was a decrease in assimilative pigments, linearly correlated with an increase in bromide concentration in the medium. The stress is also proven by the large increase in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and free proline in cucumber leaves. The reaction of this plant to oxidative stress was an increase in the activity of antioxidative enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. As a result of statistical analysis, it was proved that all changes of biomarkers of phytotoxicity of examined ILs and oxidative stress indicators in cucumber seedlings depended more on the applied concentration of these salts than on the date of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- The Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Długosz University in Czestochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martyna Śnioszek
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental, Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
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Chen B, Dong J, Li B, Xue C, Tetteh PA, Li D, Gao K, Deng X. Using a freshwater green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa to evaluate the biotoxicity of ionic liquids with different cations and anions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110604. [PMID: 32339924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
With the extensive use of ionic liquids (ILs) in various industrial fields, their potential toxicity to aquatic ecosystem has attracted considerable attention. In this work, biotoxicity of ILs with different cations and anions was evaluated by using a freshwater green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Results showed that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8mim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([C8mim]NO3), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8mim]BF4), and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim]Cl) had a significant inhibition on the algal growth with EC50 values of 23.48, 4.72, 3.80, 4.44, and 0.10 mg L-1 at the 72 h of exposure, respectively. These data suggested that the toxicity of ILs increased with the increase of side alkyl chain length, while anions had little influences on their toxicity to this alga. Moreover, changes in chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII) indicated that the five ILs could damage the photosynthetic system of this alga resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic efficiency. The increased soluble protein content and antioxidase activity could be considered as an active response mechanism of this alga against the exposure of ILs. Content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in this alga increased significantly when it was exposed to ILs, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were accumulated in the algal cells, which would cause injury of the algal biofilm and chloroplast. Therefore, results obtained in this work would help to explain the possible underlying toxic mechanisms of ILs to C. pyrenoidosa, and provide a significant theoretical support for assessing the toxicity of ILs to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunye Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pius Abraham Tetteh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ye J, Gao H, Wu J, Chang Y, Chen Z, Yu R. Responses of nitrogen transformation processes and N 2O emissions in biological nitrogen removal system to short-term ZnO nanoparticle stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135916. [PMID: 31822409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the adverse effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes have widely been reported, the impacts of ZnO NPs on the whole nitrogen transformation processes, especially the production of nitrous oxide (N2O), a typical greenhouse gas in a BNR system have rarely been systematically studied yet. In this study, the performances of both the nitrification and denitrification processes were investigated and the N2O emission was simultaneously monitored in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) when exposed to 1, 25 or 50 mg/L ZnO NPs for one cycle. The dose-dependent ZnO NP depression effects were generally observed on denitrification processes, total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency and N2O emissions but not nitrification process. Meanwhile, the N2O emission was positively correlated with NO2--N accumulation in the oxic stage. Further investigation showed that the expressions of nitrate (NO3-) reduction associated narG gene were down-regulated with the increase of NP stress, and the transcript ratios of NO2-/NO reduction gene to N2O reduction one (nirK/nosZ and norB/nosZ) decreased. The released Zn2+ from ZnO NPs took an important role in the inhibition of denitrification processes. ZnO NPs addition also induced the dose-dependent variations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, which probably contributed to the suppression of the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations to mitigate nanotoxicity. The excessive secretion of protein (PN) in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) when ZnO NPs were no <25 mg/L further supported the system's potential self-regulation mechanism for nanotoxicity resistance. CAPSULE: The effects of ZnO NPs on the whole nitrogen transformation processes in a biological nitrogen removal sequencing batch reactor, including the N2O emissions were investigated. The system's potential self-regulation mechanism for nanotoxicity resistance was addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Ye
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Junkang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhoukai Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Wuxi Engineering Research Center of Taihu Lake Water Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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18
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Leitch AC, Abdelghany TM, Probert PM, Dunn MP, Meyer SK, Palmer JM, Cooke MP, Blake LI, Morse K, Rosenmai AK, Oskarsson A, Bates L, Figueiredo RS, Ibrahim I, Wilson C, Abdelkader NF, Jones DE, Blain PG, Wright MC. The toxicity of the methylimidazolium ionic liquids, with a focus on M8OI and hepatic effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:111069. [PMID: 31883992 PMCID: PMC6996134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are a diverse range of charged chemicals with low volatility and often liquids at ambient temperatures. This characteristic has in part lead to them being considered environmentally-friendly replacements for existing volatile solvents. However, methylimidazolium ionic liquids are slow to break down in the environment and a recent study at Newcastle detected 1 octyl 3 methylimidazolium (M8OI) - an 8 carbon variant methylimidazolium ionic liquid - in soils in close proximity to a landfill site. The current M8OI toxicity database in cultured mammalian cells, in experimental animal studies and in model indicators of environmental impact are reviewed. Selected analytical data from the Newcastle study suggest the soils in close proximity to the landfill site, an urban soil lacking overt contamination, had variable levels of M8OI. The potential for M8OI - or a structurally related ionic liquid - to trigger primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), an autoimmune liver disease thought to be triggered by an unknown agent(s) in the environment, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair C Leitch
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M Probert
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Dunn
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie K Meyer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Palmer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin P Cooke
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsay I Blake
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Morse
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna K Rosenmai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucy Bates
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Wilson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom; Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, NE7 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - David E Jones
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G Blain
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Wright
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, United Kingdom.
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19
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Pawłowska B, Telesiński A, Biczak R. Phytotoxicity of ionic liquids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124436. [PMID: 31356993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been one of the most interesting chemical entities over the last two decades and have been investigated by numerous scientists all over the world. However, during IL research, it has been shown that these compounds present toxicity to both terrestrial and aquatic plants, among others. The phytotoxicity of ILs depends on the type of cation, the length of the alkyl chain in the substituent or enantioselectivity, on the concentration used, and, it appears that the type of anion may also have an impact on toxicity. The toxic effects of ILs on plants also depend on the conditions under which such tests are conducted. The results may help facilitate the development of protective environmental measures against IL-induced negative effects, but they may also be used in various landscape-related areas, such as herbology, to design new substances with weed killing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pawłowska
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiński
- The Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Juliusza Słowackiego St. 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
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20
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Jin M, Wang H, Li Z, Fu L, Chu L, Wu J, Du S, Liu H. Physiological responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 1-hexyl-3-methyl chloride ionic liquids with different cations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:315-323. [PMID: 31176218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are massively used in multiple fields of industry, and consequently, they have entered the environment and become potential threats to the respective ecosystems. In this paper, the toxicity of two different cationic types of ILs (1-hexyl-3-methyl pyridine chloride ([C6Py]Cl) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride ([C6MIM]Cl)) to Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) was investigated. Growth inhibition increased with increasing ILs concentrations. C. pyrenoidosa showed a certain recovery at low ILs concentrations, the growth inhibition decreased from 6.13% to 1.57% of the control from 24 h to 96 h, respectively, in 0.5 mg/L [C6MIM]Cl treatment. However, growth inhibition was negatively related with exposure time at high concentrations, and the strongest toxic effects were observed after 48 h. The IC50 values (half inhibitory concentration) were 8.47, 6.65, 6.91 and 7.11 mg/L of [C6MIM]Cl, respectively, in 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and were 9.05, 6.83, 7.79 and 8.14 mg/L of [C6Py]Cl, respectively. Chlorophyll content declined with higher concentrations of the ILs. The values of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: the maximum effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), maximum quantum yield in PSII (Fv/F0), and photosynthetic efficiency in PSII (Y(II)), decreased, whereas the minimal fluorescence (F0) increased following the ILs treatment, indicating damage to the photosystem II. [C6MIM]Cl and [C6Py]Cl caused deformation of algae cells, plasmolysis, and damage of the cell membrane and cell wall, and affected organelle structure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations increased with higher ILs concentrations from, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity first increased and then decreased, indicating that the antioxidant defense system was activated to counteract ROS. ROS was the main stress in C. pyrenoidosa induced by ILs, and compared with [C6Py]Cl, [C6MIM]Cl were more toxic to C. pyrenoidosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linya Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linglong Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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