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Yan Z, Ouyang J, Wu B, Liu C, Wang H, Wang A, Li Z. Nonmetallic modified zero-valent iron for remediating halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100417. [PMID: 38638605 PMCID: PMC11024576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Zero Valent Iron (ZVI), an ideal reductant treating persistent pollutants, is hampered by issues like corrosion, passivation, and suboptimal utilization. Recent advancements in nonmetallic modified ZVI (NM-ZVI) show promising potential in circumventing these challenges by modifying ZVI's surface and internal physicochemical properties. Despite its promise, a thorough synthesis of research advancements in this domain remains elusive. Here we review the innovative methodologies, regulatory principles, and reduction-centric mechanisms underpinning NM-ZVI's effectiveness against two prevalent persistent pollutants: halogenated organic compounds and heavy metals. We start by evaluating different nonmetallic modification techniques, such as liquid-phase reduction, mechanical ball milling, and pyrolysis, and their respective advantages. The discussion progresses towards a critical analysis of current strategies and mechanisms used for NM-ZVI to enhance its reactivity, electron selectivity, and electron utilization efficiency. This is achieved by optimizing the elemental compositions, content ratios, lattice constants, hydrophobicity, and conductivity. Furthermore, we propose novel approaches for augmenting NM-ZVI's capability to address complex pollution challenges. This review highlights NM-ZVI's potential as an alternative to remediate water environments contaminated with halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals, contributing to the broader discourse on green remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Jia Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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Fan B, Chen S, Zhu C, Zhu F, Huang D, Si D, Zhou B, Zhou D, He F, Gao S. Key role of hydrogen atoms in the preparation of sulfidated zero valent iron. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121573. [PMID: 38608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero valent iron (ZVI) is a popular material for the reductive degradation of halogenated organic pollutants. Simple and economic synthesis of this material is highly demanded. In this study, sulfidated micro/nanostructured ZVI (MNZVI) particles were prepared by simply heating MNZVI particles and sulfur elements (S0) in pure water (50℃). The iron oxides on the surface of MNZVI particles were conducive to sulfidation reaction, indicating the formation of iron-sulphide minerals (FeSx) on the surface of MNZVI particles might not be from the direct reaction of Fe0 with S0 (Fe0 and S0 acted as reductant and oxidant, respectively). As an important reductant, hydrogen atom (H•) can be generated from the reduction of H+ by MNZVI particles and participate in the formation of FeSx. Quenching experiment and cyclic voltammetry analysis proved the existence of H• on the surface of MNZVI particles. DFT calculation found that the potential barrier of H•/S0 and Fe0/S0 were 1.91 and 7.24 eV, respectively, indicating that S0 would preferentially react with H• instead of Fe0. The formed H• can quickly react with S0 to generate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which can further react with iron oxides such as α-Fe2O3 on the surface of MNZVI particles to form FeSx. In addition, the H2 partial pressure in water significantly affected the amount of H• generated, thereby affecting the sulfidation efficiency. For TCE degradation, as the sulfur loading of sulfidated MNZVI particles increased, the contribution of H• significantly decreased while the contribution of direct electron transfer increased. This study provided new insights into the synthesis mechanism of sulfidated ZVI in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Fengxiao Zhu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Danyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dunfeng Si
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingnan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Qu G, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Li K, Xu C. Regulating the FeS x assembly pattern of sulfidated zero-valent iron: All-in-one interface modulation with activated carbon. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120860. [PMID: 37984041 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designing the heterogeneous interface in sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has been an effective, yet usually overlooked method to improve the decontamination ability. However, the mechanism behind FeSx assembly remains elusive and the lack of modulating strategies that can essentially tune the applicability of S-ZVI further imposes difficulties in creating better-performing S-ZVI with heterogeneous interface. In this study, by introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) during S-ZVI preparation, S-ZVI/PAC microparticles were prepared to modulate the assembly pattern of FeSx for the applicability and reactivity of the material. S-ZVI/PAC showed robust performance in Cr(VI) sequestration, with 11.16 and 1.78 fold increase in Cr(VI) reactivity compared to ZVI and S-ZVI, respectively. This was attributed to the fact that the introduced PAC could acquire FeSx to enhance the electron transfer capacity matching its adsorption threshold, thus helping to accommodate the transfer of the reduction center to PAC in S-ZVI/PAC. In optimizing the FeSx allocation between ZVI and PAC, the chemical assembly of FeSx on S-ZVI was superior to physical adsorption. Critically, we found that isolated FeSx in the prepared solution was physically adsorbed by the PAC, allowing chemically assembled FeSx on the S-ZVI. This was achieved by controlling the addition sequence of Na2S and PAC, as it effectively controlled the release rate and content of Fe(II) in the preparation solution. S-ZVI/PAC was demonstrated to be extremely effective in simulated wastewater and electrokinetics-permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB) treatments. Introducing PAC enriches the diversity of sulfidation mechanisms and may realize the universality of the S-ZVI/PAC application scenarios. This study provides a new interface optimization strategy for S-ZVI targeted design towards environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhongkai Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ke Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Qian L, Li H, Wei Z, Liang C, Dong X, Lin D, Chen M. Enhanced removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in groundwater using ball-milled sulfur- and biochar-modified zero-valent iron: From the laboratory to the field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122424. [PMID: 37604391 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (ZVI) and biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to dechlorinate trichloroethylene. However, minimal data are available regarding the combined effect of sulfur and biochar ZVI on trichloroethylene byproducts. The primary aim of the current study is to determine whether sulfur- and biochar-modified ZVI (ZVI-BC-S) enhances the removal of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) from groundwater. Results show that biochar and sulfur facilitated the milling of ZVI-BC-S into micro- and nanoscale particles and increased FeS formation. Moreover, the rates of cDCE and VC removal by ZVI-S increased by 30.1% and 30.2%, respectively, compared to those obtained with ZVI, owing to enhanced dechlorination via β-elimination by sulfur. Meanwhile, treatment with ZVI-BC-S harnessed the benefits of biochar and sulfur to enhance the cDCE and VC removal rates by 62.0% and 67.7%, respectively. Mechanistically, biochar enhanced the corrosion of ZVI-S to increase FeS production and enhance the electron transfer, β-elimination, and hydrogenolysis involved in cDCE and VC dechlorination. The effectiveness of ZVI-BC-S was confirmed in a field demonstration, during which cDCE and VC concentrations significantly decreased within 10 days following injection. The findings of this study can help inform the rational design of ZVI for in-situ remediation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Qian
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zifei Wei
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Xinan Technology University, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Cong Liang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinzhu Dong
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Lin Z, Xu J, Zhu A, He C, Wang C, Zheng C. Physicochemical Effects of Sulfur Precursors on Sulfidated Amorphous Zero-Valent Iron and Its Enhanced Mechanisms for Cr(VI) Removal. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37368460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous zerovalent iron (AZVI) has gained considerable attention due to its remarkable reactivity, but there is limited research on sulfidated amorphous zerovalent iron (SAZVI) and the influence of different sulfur precursors on its reactivity remains unclear. In this study, SAZVI materials with an amorphous structure were synthesized using various sulfur precursors, resulting in significantly increased specific surface area and hydrophobicity compared to AZVI. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency of SAZVI-Na2S, which exhibited the most negative free corrosion potential (-0.82 V) and strongest electron transfer ability, was up to 8.5 times higher than that of AZVI. Correlation analysis revealed that the water contact angle (r = 0.87), free corrosion potential (r = -0.92), and surface Fe(II) proportion (r = 0.98) of the SAZVI samples played crucial roles in Cr(VI) removal. Furthermore, the enhanced elimination ability of SAZVI-Na2S was analyzed, primarily attributed to the adsorption of Cr(VI) by the FeSx shell, followed by the rapid release of internal electrons to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). This process ultimately led to the precipitation of FeCr2O4 and Cr2S3 on the surface of SAZVI-Na2S, resulting in their removal from the water. This study provides insights into the influence of sulfur precursors on the reactivity of SAZVI and offers a new strategy for designing highly active AZVI for efficient Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishen Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Aibin Zhu
- Institute of Robotics & Intelligent Systems, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Chi He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | | | - Chunli Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
- Shaanxi Qingling Chunchuang Environmental Protection Industry Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710049, PR China
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Aumeier BM, Georgi A, Saeidi N, Sigmund G. Is sorption technology fit for the removal of persistent and mobile organic contaminants from water? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163343. [PMID: 37030383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, Mobile, and Toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances are a growing threat to water security and safety. Many of these substances are distinctively different from other more traditional contaminants in terms of their charge, polarity, and aromaticity. This results in distinctively different sorption affinities towards traditional sorbents such as activated carbon. Additionally, an increasing awareness on the environmental impact and carbon footprint of sorption technologies puts some of the more energy-intensive practices in water treatment into question. Commonly used approaches may thus need to be readjusted to become fit for purpose to remove some of the more challenging PMT and vPvM substances, including for example short chained per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We here critically review the interactions that drive sorption of organic compounds to activated carbon and related sorbent materials and identify opportunities and limitations of tailoring activated carbon for PMT and vPvM removal. Other less traditional sorbent materials, including ion exchange resins, modified cyclodextrins, zeolites and metal-organic frameworks are then discussed for potential alternative or complementary use in water treatment scenarios. Sorbent regeneration approaches are evaluated in terms of their potential, considering reusability, potential for on-site regeneration, and potential for local production. In this context, we also discuss the benefits of coupling sorption to destructive technologies or to other separation technologies. Finally, we sketch out possible future trends in the evolution of sorption technologies for PMT and vPvM removal from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M Aumeier
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Strasse 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Navid Saeidi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Zhang X, Li Q, Nie K, Cao K, Liao Q, Si M, Yang Z, Yang W. Synergistic effect of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron and proton-buffering montmorillonite in reductive immobilization of alkaline Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138132. [PMID: 36780997 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Effective remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil with strong alkalinity and high Cr(VI) concentration is a severe challenge. Herein, a proton-buffering montmorillonite-supported sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (nFeS/Fe0@H-Mt) was developed for remediation of alkaline Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The reductive efficiencies of water-soluble Cr(VI) reached 99.7%, 99.3% and 99.8% in three tested soils with initial concentrations of 439.6, 3307.5 and 4626.7 mg kg-1, respectively, after 15 d of nFeS/Fe0@H-Mt treatment. Further speciation analyses demonstrated most available Cr species (exchangeable and carbonate-bound Cr) were transformed into more stable Cr species. The leachable Cr(VI) and total Cr obtained by toxicity leaching procedures decreased to extremely low levels and maintained long-term stability for 120 d. Such superior reductive immobilization performance of FeS/Fe0@H-Mt was attributed to the synergistic effect of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron and proton-buffering montmorillonite, which induced the coordination of proton donation and electron transfer. The proton-buffering montmorillonite (H-Mt) could prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles and provide protons to accelerate the corrosion of Fe0. In addition, the FeS component improved electron selectivity and facilitated electron transfer of Fe0 to Cr(VI). Our study demonstrated that the coordination of proton donation and electron transfer significantly enhanced the Cr(VI) reduction under the alkaline condition thus leading to effective remediation of alkaline Cr(VI)-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Kaiting Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Mengying Si
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Weichun Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
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Wang A, Hou J, Tao C, Miao L, Wu J, Xing B. Performance Enhancement of Biogenetic Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron for Trichloroethylene Degradation: Role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3323-3333. [PMID: 36729963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical sulfidation has been considered as an effective strategy to improve the reactivity of zero-valent iron (S-ZVI). However, sulfidation is a widespread biogeochemical process in nature, which inspired us to explore the biogenetic sulfidation of ZVI (BS-ZVI) with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). BS-ZVI could degrade 96.3% of trichloroethylene (TCE) to acetylene, ethene, ethane, and dichloroethene, comparable to S-ZVI (97.0%) with the same S/Fe ratio (i.e., 0.1). However, S-ZVI (0.21 d-1) exhibited a faster degradation rate than BS-ZVI (0.17 d-1) based on pseudo-first-order kinetic fitting due to extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) excreted from SRB. Organic components of EPSs, including polysaccharides, humic acid-like substances, and proteins in BS-ZVI, were detected with 3D-EEM spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. The hemiacetal groups and redox-activated protein in EPS did not affect TCE degradation, while the acetylation degree of EPS increased with the concentration of ZVI and S/Fe, thus inhibiting the TCE degradation. A low concentration of HA-like substances attached to BS-ZVI materials promoted electron transport. However, EPS formed a protective layer on the surface of BS-ZVI materials, reducing its TCE reaction rate. Overall, this study showed a comparable performance enhancement of ZVI toward TCE degradation through biogenetic sulfidation and provided a new alternative method for the sulfidation of ZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, China
| | - ChunMei Tao
- Lianyungang Water Conservancy Bureau (Director of Engineering Technology Center), 9 Lingzhou East Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang22206, China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing210098, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts01003, United States
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Gong L, Zhang Z, Xia C, Zheng J, Gu Y, He F. A quantitative study of the effects of particle' properties and environmental conditions on the electron efficiency of Pd and sulfidated nanoscale zero-valent irons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158469. [PMID: 36058331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron efficiency (or electron selectivity, ɛe) is an important quantitative criterion for zero-valent iron treatment of organohalide contaminated groundwater. The aim of this quantitative study was the systematic exploration and comparison of the effects of the Pd/Fe and S/Fe molar ratios (i.e., [Pd/Fe] and [S/Fe]), trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations ([TCE]), pH solution, aging time, and water matrices on the ɛe of Pd-nZVI and S-nZVI. To this end, we used TCE as a probe contaminant. The ɛe of Pd-nZVI increased and then decreased with [Pd/Fe], while that of S-nZVI increased with [S/Fe], as more hydrophobic FeS2 was formed on S-nZVI at higher [S/Fe]. The εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI increased with increasing [TCE]. Specifically, the εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI at [TCE] of 200 ppm increased by 24.9 % and 79.3 %, respectively, compared with that at [TCE] of 10 ppm. As the H2 evolution reaction (HER) was more sensitive to surface passivation than TCE dechlorination, the εe of S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI under alkaline conditions was higher than that under basic conditions, and increased by 11.7 % and 37.8 %, respectively, at pH 10 relative to that at pH 6. The εe also increased with the aging time of the S-nZVI and Pd-nZVI particles; the increase was by 27.2 % and 59.6 %, respectively, at aging time of 30 d compared with that of the fresh ones. The ɛe of both particles were higher in artificial groundwater (AGW) than in real groundwater (RGW). For all batch experiments, the εe of S-nZVI increased over the reaction time and tended to outperform that of Pd-nZVI, even though the εe of Pd-nZVI was higher than that of S-nZVI at the initial stage of TCE dechlorination, thereby justifying the longevity of S-nZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zaizhi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyun Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yawei Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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Zhu J, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhong S, Gao P, Shen J. Trichloroethylene remediation using zero-valent iron with kaolin clay, activated carbon and bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119186. [PMID: 36244142 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale particles of zero-valent iron were used to form a permeable reactive barrier whose performance in dechlorinating a solution of trichloroethylene was compared with that of a barrier formed from limestone. The iron was combined with kaolin by calcination. The test liquid contained sewage sludge, and also added NH4Cl and KH2PO4. The average removal rates of trichloroethylene and phosphorus over 365 days both exceeded 94%. Chemical oxygen demand was reduced by 92% and ammonium nitrogen by 43.6%. All were significantly greater than the removals with the limestone barrier. The ceramsite barrier retained 85% of its effectiveness even after 365 days of use. Dechloromonas sp. was the main dechlorinating bacterium, but its removal ability is limited. The removal of trichloroethylene in such a barrier mainly depends on reduction by the zero-valent iron and biodegradation. The results show that the prepared ceramsite is stable and effective in removing trichloroethylene from water. It is a promising in-situ remediation material for groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhu
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Lishan Zhang
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Junyong Liu
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pin Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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11
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Wang A, Hou J, Feng Y, Wu J, Miao L. Removal of tetracycline by biochar-supported biogenetic sulfidated zero valent iron: Kinetics, pathways and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119168. [PMID: 36183543 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application of zero-valent iron (ZVI) is limited due to passivation and agglomeration. Therefore, biochar loading (MB) and biogenetic sulfidation via sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were used to improve the reactivity of ZVI (BS-ZVI@MB) towards tetracycline (TC) degradation. Biochar provided more attachment sites for ZVI and SRB, thus alleviating the agglomeration. Additionally, quinone groups on biochar enhanced the electrons transfer through the measurement of electron donating/accepting capacities, and biogenetic sulfidation could inhibit the surface passivation of ZVI. Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ) produced after the addition of BS-ZVI@MB could complex with the A ring in TC to form Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ)-TC, which brought the oxidation of TC by complexed Fe(Ⅲ). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)(primarily •OH) were generated during the oxidation of Fe(Ⅱ), so as to promote the TC degradation. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted from SRB had a slight quenching effect on ROS. Meanwhile, EPS formed a protective layer with Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ) on BS-ZVI@MB, reducing its reactivity with TC. Overall, this study showed an efficient modification technology of ZVI by biogenetic sulfidation and biochar loading for TC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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12
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Liang J, Luo L, Wong JWC, He D. Recent advances in conductive materials amended anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and municipal organic solid waste: Roles, mechanisms, and potential application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127613. [PMID: 35840024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, conductive materials (i.e., carbon-based and iron-based materials) as a feasible and attractive approach have been introduced to anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) system for promoting its performance and stability through direct interspecies electron transfer. Owing to the key roles of conductive materials in ACoD process, it is imperative to gain a profound understanding of their specific functions and mechanisms. Here, this review critically examined the state of the art of conductive materials assisted ACoD of food waste and common municipal organic solid waste. Then, the fundamental roles of conductive materials on ACoD enhancement and the relevant mechanisms were discussed. Last, the perspectives for co-digestate treatment, reutilization, and disposal were summarized. Moreover, the main challenges to conductive materials amended ACoD in on-site application were proposed and the future remarks were put forward. Collectively, this review poses a scientific basis for the potential application of conductive materials in ACoD process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Liang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China.
| | - Di He
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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13
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Swaren L, Safari S, Konhauser KO, Alessi DS. Pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles: a review of surface chemistry, contaminant mobility, and future research avenues to fill the gaps. BIOCHAR 2022; 4:33. [PMID: 35673519 PMCID: PMC9163009 DOI: 10.1007/s42773-022-00152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are abundant in the subsurface, soil, streams, and water bodies, and are often a critical control on elemental speciation, transport and cycling in the natural environment. This review provides an overview of pyrolyzed biomass-derived nanoparticles (PBNPs), their surface properties and reactivity towards aqueous species. We focus specifically on biochar-derived nanoparticles and activated carbon-derived nanoparticles which fall under our classification of PBNPs. Activated carbon-iron (nano)composites are included in some instances where there are significant gaps in literature because of their environmental relevance. Increased use of activated carbon, along with a resurgence in the manufacture and application of biochar for water treatment and soil amendment, has generated significant concerns about the mobility and toxicity of PBNPs derived from the bulk material in environmental applications. Recent examples are discussed to highlight current progress in understanding the influence of PBNPs on contaminant transport, followed by a critical discussion of gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Swaren
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-16 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3 Canada
| | - Salman Safari
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-16 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3 Canada
| | - Kurt O. Konhauser
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-16 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3 Canada
| | - Daniel S. Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-16 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3 Canada
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14
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An F, Feng X, Dang Y, Sun D. Enhancing nitrate removal efficiency of micro-sized zero-valent iron by chitosan gel balls encapsulating. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153641. [PMID: 35131244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The activity of micro-sized zero-valent iron (MZVI) material for nitrate removal in neutral pH and low C/N ratios water needs to be improved. In this study, micro-sized zero-valent iron@chitosan (MZVI@CS) material was synthesized through embedding MZVI particles into chitosan (CS) gel by sol-gel method, and was used for deep removal of NO3--N in the absence of organic carbon sources and neutral pH. The NO3--N removal rate of MZVI@CS was 0.37 mg-N·L-1·d-1 (dosage of 1%, initial pH = 7, 25 °C, initial nitrate concentration = 15 mg-N·L-1), which was 11.33 times higher than that of MZVI. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of MZVI@CS with nitrate was 38.23 kJ·mol-1. MZVI@CS can remove nitrate effectively at a low concentration (15 mg-N·L-1). A stable denitration rate (0.37-2.28 mg-N·L-1·d-1) could be maintained under weak acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions (pH = 5-9). More than 80% of reduced nitrate was converted to N2, and only a small amount was converted to NH4+ or NO2-. The gel structure of MZVI@CS eliminated the agglomeration between MZVI particles while the forming of Fe-CS chelates reduced the formation of iron oxide and solved the problems of passivation, hence successfully strengthened the NO3--N removal efficiency of MZVI. Therefore MZVI@CS has great application potential in NO3--N deep removal of water bodies with neutral pH and low C/N ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facai An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianlu Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Dang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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15
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Xie J, Lei C, Chen W, Huang B. Conductive-polymer-supported palladium-iron bimetallic nanocatalyst for simultaneous 4-chlorophenol and Cr(VI) removal: Enhanced interfacial electron transfer and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127748. [PMID: 34802829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) reduction offers a wide range of applications in source-zone remediation, but the reactivity of nZVI is largely hampered due to its low electron-transfer ability and tendency to aggregate. Based on the dual function of conductive polymers (CPs) as support and electron transfer carrier, we combined CPs with nZVI and prepared a series of Pd/Fe bimetallic materials that successfully address the challenges of nZVI reduction. These Pd/Fe@CPs particles showed strong catalytic ability for the simultaneous removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and Cr(VI). The removal rate of 4-CP was significantly enhanced by 1.5-6.2 times after supporting Pd/Fe nanoparticles (NPs) with CPs. The enhanced reactivity of supported Pd/Fe NPs was attributed to their highly stabilized and dispersed state and the promoted electron transfer due to the synergistic effect between CPs and nZVI bimetallic particles. The various catalytic activity over Pd/Fe@CPs was attributed to the distinctive properties of CPs and their different interfacial electron transfer ability. Importantly, this study provides insights into distinguishing both mechanisms of direct electron transfer and atomic-hydrogen-mediated indirect electron transfer, and their quantitative relationship to the dehalogenation performance over Pd/Fe@CPs materials. This work provides better understanding of the remediation process and mechanisms of nZVI reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jituo Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S9, 4 Science Drive 2, 117544, Singapore
| | - Binbin Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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16
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Li Y, Huang S, Song Y, Zhang X, Liu S, Du Q. Effect of Spatial Distribution of nZVI on the Corrosion of nZVI Composites and Its Subsequent Cr(VI) Removal from Water. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030494. [PMID: 35159839 PMCID: PMC8840039 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There have been many studies on contaminant removal by fresh and aged nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), but the effect of spatial distribution of nZVI on the corrosion behavior of the composite materials and its subsequent Cr(VI) removal remains unclear. In this study, four types of D201-nZVI composites with different nZVI distributions (named D1, D2, D3, and D4) were fabricated and pre-corroded in varying coexisting solutions. Their effectiveness in the removal of Cr(VI) were systematically investigated. The results showed acidic or alkaline conditions, and all coexisting ions studied except for H2PO4− and SiO32− enhanced the corrosion of nZVI. Additionally, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed to decrease with increasing nZVI distribution uniformity. The corrosion products derived from nZVI, including magnetite, hematite, lepidocrcite, and goethite, were identified by XRD. The XPS results suggested that the Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species coexisted and the Cr(III) species gradually increased on the surface of the pre-corroded D201-nZVI with increasing iron distribution uniformity, proving Cr(VI) removal via a comprehensive process including adsorption/coprecipitation and reduction. The results will help to guide the selection for nZVI nanocomposites aged under different conditions for environmental decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiong Du
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8618-5190
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17
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Yang S, Liu A, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang W. Advance of Sulfidated Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron: Synthesis, Properties and Environmental Application. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Zhu H, Huang Q, Fu S, Zhang X, Yang Z, Lu J, Liu B, Shi M, Zhang J, Wen X, Li J. Removal of Antimony(V) from Drinking Water Using nZVI/AC: Optimization of Batch and Fix Bed Conditions. TOXICS 2021; 9:266. [PMID: 34678962 PMCID: PMC8540850 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) traces in water pose a serious threat to human health due to their negative effects. In this work, nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe0) supported on activated carbon (nZVI) was employed for eliminating Sb(V) from the drinking water. To better understand the overall process, the effects of several experimental variables, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), coexisting ions, and adsorption kinetics on the removal of Sb(V) from the SW were investigated by employing fixed-bed column runs or batch-adsorption methods. A pH of 4.5 and 72 h of equilibrium time were found to be the ideal conditions for drinking water. The presence of phosphate (PO43-), silicate (SiO42-), chromate (CrO42-) and arsenate (AsO43-) significantly decreased the rate of Sb(V) removal, while humic acid and other anions exhibited a negligible effect. The capacity for Sb(V) uptake decreased from 6.665 to 2.433 mg when the flow rate was increased from 5 to 10 mL·min-1. The dynamic adsorption penetration curves of Sb(V) were 116.4% and 144.1% with the weak magnetic field (WMF) in fixed-bed column runs. Considering the removal rate of Sb(V), reusability, operability, no release of Sb(V) after being incorporated into the iron (hydr)oxides structure, it can be concluded that WMF coupled with ZVI would be an effective Sb(V) immobilization technology for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (NCWU), Zhengzhou 450046, China;
- College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Qiang Huang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuai Fu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiuji Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhe Yang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianhong Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (NCWU), Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Mingyan Shi
- College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoping Wen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Junlong Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of New Civil Engineering Structure, College of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (H.Z.); (Q.H.); (S.F.); (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
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19
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Qu M, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang X, Tong X, Li S, Xu H. Improved performance and applicability of copper-iron bimetal by sulfidation for Cr(VI) removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130820. [PMID: 34015648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the Cr(VI) removal in groundwater is mainly limited by the formation of a passivation layer during its application in permeable reactive barrier (PRB). A kind of sulfidated copper-iron bimetal (S-ZVICu) with high reactivity for Cr(VI) removal was prepared by depositing FeSx onto copper modified ZVI via a one-pot method. The surface characteristic, reactivity and Cr(VI) removal performance of S-ZVICu were investigated. It was found that S-ZVICu had a Cr(VI) removal capacity as high as 67.5 mg/g and little risk of secondary contaminant of Cu(II). The optimal Cu/Fe mass ratio and S/Fe molar ratio were 0.0125 and 0.084, respectively. The S-ZVICu exhibited great superiority of Cr(VI) removal compared with ZVI, sulfidated ZVI (SZVI) and coper-iron bimetal (ZVICu). Mineralogy and morphology analysis showed that S-ZVICu had a hierarchical structure of Fe0/Cu0/FeSx, which could effectively reduce the risk of secondary contaminant of copper ions. The mechanism analysis suggested that the copper and FeSx successively plated on the surface of ZVI played a dual role in promoting the corrosion of zero-valent iron, and was facilitated to electron transfer between Fe0, Cu0, FeSx and Cr(VI). In addition, the loose FeSx layer had a positive effect on alleviating the oxidation of ZVI in air, which was helpful in maintaining the reactivity of S-ZVICu in the air. S-ZVICu is an environmentally friendly material for sustainable and effective removal of Cr(VI) in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xingrun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xuejiao Tong
- Yuhuan Environmental Technology Co. LTD., Shijiazhuang, 050091, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Beijing Construction Engineering Group Environmental Remediation Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Hongbin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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20
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Garcia AN, Zhang Y, Ghoshal S, He F, O'Carroll DM. Recent Advances in Sulfidated Zerovalent Iron for Contaminant Transformation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8464-8483. [PMID: 34170112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2021 marks 10 years since controlled abiotic synthesis of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) for use in site remediation and water treatment emerged as an area of active research. It was then expanded to sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) and together with S-nZVI, they are collectively referred to as S-(n)ZVI. Heightened interest in S-(n)ZVI stemmed from its significantly higher reactivity to chlorinated solvents and heavy metals. The extremely promising research outcomes during the initial period (2011-2017) led to renewed interest in (n)ZVI-based technologies for water treatment, with an explosion in new research in the last four years (2018-2021) that is building an understanding of the novel and complex role of iron sulfides in enhancing reactivity of (n)ZVI. Numerous studies have focused on exploring different S-(n)ZVI synthesis approaches, and its colloidal, surface, and reactivity (electrochemistry, contaminant selectivity, and corrosion) properties. This review provides a critical overview of the recent milestones in S-(n)ZVI technology development: (i) clear insights into the role of iron sulfides in contaminant transformation and long-term aging, (ii) impact of sulfidation methods and particle characteristics on reactivity, (iii) broader range of treatable contaminants, (iv) synthesis for complete decontamination, (v) ecotoxicity, and (vi) field implementation. In addition, this review discusses major knowledge gaps and future avenues for research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nunez Garcia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Rd., London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Subhasis Ghoshal
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, China 310014
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
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21
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Li X, Qin Y, Jia Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Sun J. Preparation and application of Fe/biochar (Fe-BC) catalysts in wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129766. [PMID: 33529955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of organic pollutants from water environments is a challenging problem. Fe-based BC (Fe-BC) composites are promising catalysts for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) for environmental remediation considering their low costs and excellent physicochemical surface characteristics. The synthesis methods, properties, applications, and the mechanism of Fe-BC for removing pollutants are reviewed. Various methods have been used to prepare Fe-BC composites, and the synthetic methods and conditions used affect the properties of the Fe-BC material, thereby influencing its pollutant removal performance. The mechanisms of pollutant removal by Fe-BC are intricate and include adsorption, degradation and reduction. Fe loading on BC could improve the performance of BC by affecting its surface area, surface functional groups and electron transfer rate. Moreover, research gaps and uncertainties that exist in the use of Fe-BC were identified. Finally, the problems that need to be solved to make Fe-BC suitable for future applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Yang Qin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Resources & Environment College, Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area, Ministry of Education, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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22
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Li Y, Zhao HP, Zhu L. Remediation of soil contaminated with organic compounds by nanoscale zero-valent iron: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143413. [PMID: 33246720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been gradually applied in soil remediation due to its strong reducing ability and large specific surface area. Compared to conventional remediation solutions, in situ remediation using nZVI offers some unique advantages. In this review, respective merits and demerits of each approach to nZVI synthesis are summarized in detail, particularly the most commonly used aqueous-phase reduction method featuring surface modification. In order to overcome undesired oxidation and agglomeration of fresh nZVI due to its high reactivity, modifications of nZVI have been developed such as doping with transition metals, stabilization using macromolecules or surfactants, and sulfidation. Mechanisms underlying efficient removal of organic pollutants enabled by the modified nZVI lie in alleviative oxidation and agglomeration of nZVI and enhanced electron utilization efficiency. In addition to chemical modification, other assisting methods for further improving nZVI mobility and reactivity, such as electrokinetics and microbial technologies, are evaluated. The effects of different remediation technologies and soil physicochemical properties on remediation performance of nZVI are also summarized. Overall, this review offers an up-to-date comprehensive understanding of nZVI-driven soil remediation from scientific and practical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Niu H, Yang Y, Zhao W, Lv H, Zhang H, Cai Y. Single-crystalline Fe 7S 8/Fe 3O 4 coated zero-valent iron synthesized with vacuum chemical vapor deposition technique: Enhanced reductive, oxidative and photocatalytic activity for water purification. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123442. [PMID: 32659592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined core/shell type single crystalline Fe7S8/Fe3O4 coated α-Fe hybrids (Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe) are synthesized with vacuum chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. The CVD process triggers conversion of naturally formed Fe3O4 layer on the surface of commercial Fe nanoparticles from amorphous into single crystalline phase. The Fe7S8/Fe3O4 coat promotes the surface affinity of dissolved oxygen and targets and rapidly transfers electrons from the Fe core to targets, which decreases water splitting on Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe surface and endows Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe with ultra-strong reducibility and improved oxidative ability under different conditions. Different with the sulfurized ZVI prepared with hydrothermal or solvothermal method, the increase of reaction solution pH is retarded due to the relieved water splitting instead of releasing H+ via oxidation of S2-/S22- on the Fe7S8 coat. The cooperation of Fe7S8 with Fe3O4 and α-Fe not only improves the anti-oxidation ability of Fe7S8 coating but also broadens its band gap. By using Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe nanohybrids as photocatalysts, light irradiation accelerates the degradation of organic pollutants combined with enhanced mineralization efficiency. The Fe7S8/Fe3O4@Fe exhibits good performance when it is utilized to treat the influent from a municipal sewage treatment plant upon air aeration or under visible light and solar light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weijia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongzhou Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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24
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Mohammed O, Mumford KG, Sleep BE. Effects of hydrogen gas production, trapping and bubble-facilitated transport during nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) injection in porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 234:103677. [PMID: 32663719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The injection of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) can be an effective technique for the treatment of groundwater contaminants, including chlorinated solvents. However, its effectiveness can be limited by natural reductant demand (NRD) reactions, including the reduction of water resulting in the production of hydrogen gas. This study presents results from a series of laboratory experiments to investigate gas production and mobilization following the injection of nZVI solutions, along with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) that is used for nZVI synthesis. Experiments were performed in a thin, two-dimensional flow cell (22 × 34 × 1 cm3) to measure hydrogen gas volumes and local gas saturations, and to investigate the distribution of gas within and above the injection zone. An additional experiment was conducted in a larger flow cell (150 × 150 × 2 cm3) containing dissolved trichloroethene (TCE) to assess changes in aqueous flow pathways and enhanced vertical transport of TCE by mobilized gas. The results showed substantial gas production (60% to 740% of the injected solution volume) resulting in gas mobilization as a network of gas channels above the injection zone, with more gas produced from greater excess NaBH4 used during nZVI synthesis. Trapped gas saturations were sufficient to cause the diversion of aqueous flow around the nZVI injection zone. In addition, gas production and mobilization resulted in the bubble-facilitated transport of TCE, and detectable concentrations of TCE and reaction products (ethane and ethene) above the target treatment zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obai Mohammed
- Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kevin G Mumford
- Queen's University, Department of Civil Engineering, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Brent E Sleep
- University of Toronto, Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
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25
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Lartey-Young G, Ma L. Remediation with Semicoke-Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4334. [PMID: 33003433 PMCID: PMC7579581 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Development of low-cost contaminant sorbents from industrial waste is now an essential aspect of the circular economy since their disposal continues to threaten ecological integrity. Semicoke (SC), a by-product generated in large quantities and described as solid waste from gasification of low-rank coal (LRC), is gaining popularity in line with its reuse capacity in the energy industry but is less explored as a contaminant adsorbent despite its physical and elemental carbon properties. This paper summarizes recent information on SC, sources and production, adsorption mechanism of polluting contaminants, and summarizes regeneration methods capable of yielding sustainability for the material reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lartey-Young
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Limin Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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26
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Guan X, Du X, Liu M, Qin H, Qiao J, Sun Y. Enhanced trichloroethylene dechlorination by carbon-modified zero-valent iron: Revisiting the role of carbon additives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122564. [PMID: 32244144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given that there are still some debates on the influence of carbon modification on zerovalent iron (ZVI) decontamination process, the roles of carbon on trichloroethylene (TCE) reduction by ZVI were re-investigated in this work. Compared to activated carbons (AC) with high adsorption ability, carbon fibers (CF) with good electronic conductivity performed much better in enhancing ZVI performance in terms of both reactivity and selectivity. Moreover, it was interesting to observe that a low carbon loading is sufficient to effectively improve TCE reduction and this promoting effect would decline with further increasing the carbon amounts from 1.0 wt.% to 50 wt.%. Regarding to the ZVI selectivity, a relatively high carbon loading (especially for CF, it may be as high as 50 wt.%) was needed to protect ZVI from non-productive reactions with H2O/H+ effectively. However, a mixture of 10 wt.% AC and 1.0 wt.% CF could combine their respective merits of inhibiting side reactions and enhancing TCE reduction, and thus simultaneously enhanced the reactivity and selectivity of ZVI. Mechanistic investigations revealed that carbon modification could enhance the ZVI performance through improving TCE adsorption and/or accelerating electron transfer, while the latter one may play a more important role especially at high carbon loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xueying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Meichuan Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Hejie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yuankui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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27
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He F, Gong L, Fan D, Tratnyek PG, Lowry GV. Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:528-542. [PMID: 32124893 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00592g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency and selectivity of zerovalent iron-based treatments for organohalide contaminated groundwater can be quantified by accounting for redistribution of electrons derived from oxidation of Fe0. Several types of efficiency are reviewed, including (i) the efficiency of Fe(0) utilization, εFe(0), (ii) the electron efficiency of target contaminant reduction, εe, and (iii) the electron efficiency of natural reductant demand (NRD) involving H2O, O2, and co-contaminants such as nitrate, εNRD. Selectivity can then be calculated by using εe/εNRD. Of particular interest is εe and the key to its determination is measuring the total quantity of electrons provided by Fe0 oxidation, which can be based on either the loss of Fe(0), the formation of Fe(ii)/Fe(iii), or the composition of the total reaction products. Recently, many data have accumulated on εe for the treatment of various chlorinated solvents (esp. trichloroethylene, TCE) by zerovalent iron (ZVI), and analysis of these data shows that ZVI particle properties (e.g., stabilization with polymers, bimetallic modification, sulfidation, etc.) and other operational factors have variable effects on εe. Of particular interest is that pre-exposure of ZVI to reduced sulfur species (i.e., sulfidation) consistently improves the εe of contaminant reduction, mainly by suppressing the reduction of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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28
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Qin H, Yin D, Bandstra JZ, Sun Y, Cao G, Guan X. Ferrous ion mitigates the negative effects of humic acid on removal of 4-nitrophenol by zerovalent iron. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121218. [PMID: 31563765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Fe2+ addition was employed to overcome the negative effects of humic acid (HA) on contaminant removal by zerovalent iron (ZVI), and its feasibility to improve electron efficiency of ZVI was also tested. HA at high concentrations suppressed the removal of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by ZVI, while the addition of 0.25-1.0 mM Fe2+ could greatly mitigate this inhibitory effect and enhance 4-NP reduction. Specifically, with a mixed-order model, global fitting results showed that the addition of Fe2+ increased the rate constant from 0.124 × 10-2-0.219 × 10-2 mM/min to 0.227 × 10-2-0.417 × 10-2 mM/min and shortened lag period from 19.7-47.9 min to 8.0-15.2 min for 4-NP removal. The mechanistic investigation revealed this trend could be explained by the following aspects: i) Fe2+ can facilitate the generation of Fe(II)-containing oxides, which can act as an electron mediator or direct electron donor for 4-NP reduction; ii) the presence of Fe2+ could lead to aggregation of HA particles and accordingly reduced its coverage on ZVI surface. But the results of respike experiments indicate that Fe2+ addition did not show remarkable effect on the electron efficiency of 4-NP by ZVI, which should be associated with that Fe2+ was not able to favor the enrichment of 4-NP on ZVI surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Joel Z Bandstra
- Department of Mathematics, Engineering, and Computer Science, Saint Francis University, Loretto, PA, 15940, USA
| | - Yuankui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Guomin Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Xu J, Cao Z, Zhou H, Lou Z, Wang Y, Xu X, Lowry GV. Sulfur Dose and Sulfidation Time Affect Reactivity and Selectivity of Post-Sulfidized Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13344-13352. [PMID: 31622083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposing nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) to dissolved sulfide species improves its performance as a remediation agent. However, the impacts of sulfur dose and sulfidation time on morphology, sulfur content, reactivity, and selectivity of the resulting sulfidized NZVI (SNZVI) have not been systematically evaluated. We synthesized SNZVI using different sulfur doses and sulfidation times and measured their properties. The measured S/Fe molar ratio in the particles ([S/Fe]particle) was 10-500 times lower than [S/Fe]dosed but was predictable based on [S/Fe]dosed × tsulfidation. The low sulfur content (0.02-0.65 mol % S/Fe) inhibited the reaction of SNZVI with water (up to 13-fold) and increased its reactivity with trichloroethene (TCE) (up to 14-fold) and its electron efficiency (up to 20-fold). A higher [S/Fe]particle (0.86-1.13 mol % S/Fe) led to complex particle structures and lowered the resistance to electron transfer but did not improve the benefits realized at the lower S/Fe ratios. Adding small amounts of sulfur into NZVI led to more accumulation of acetylene, especially for low Fe/TCE conditions, suggesting that sulfur lowers the rate of hydrogenation of acetylene to ethene. These results show that [S/Fe]dosed × tsulfidation can be used to predict the measured S content in the particles and that affects reactivity, longevity, and electron selectivity, for post-SNZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Zimo Lou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Xinhua Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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Qin H, Guan X, Tratnyek PG. Effects of Sulfidation and Nitrate on the Reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine by Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9744-9754. [PMID: 31343874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Competition among oxidizing species in groundwater and wastewater for the reductive capacity of zerovalent iron (ZVI) makes the selectivity of ZVI for target contaminant degradation over other reduction pathways a major determinant of the feasibility of ZVI-based water treatment processes. The selectivity for reduction of contaminants over water is improved by sulfidation, but the effect of sulfidation on other competing reactions is not known. The interaction between these competing reactions was investigated using N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as the target contaminant, nitrate as a co-contaminant, and micrometer-sized ZVI with and without sulfidation. Unsulfidated ZVI reduced NDMA to dimethylamine via N,N-dimethylhydrazine, but the addition of nitrate decreased the rate of NDMA reduction and increased the quantity of intermediate observed. With sulfidated ZVI, the kinetics and products of NDMA reduction were similar to those with unsulfidated ZVI, but no inhibitory effect of nitrate was observed. Conversely, the reduction of nitrate-which dominated NDMA reduction in unsulfidated ZVI systems-was strongly inhibited by sulfidation. H2 and Fe2+ generation by sulfidated ZVI was almost independent of nitrate concentration. Therefore, sulfidation improved the efficiency of NDMA reduction by ZVI in the presence of nitrate mainly by inhibiting nitrate reduction. The shift in selectivity of ZVI for NDMA over nitrate upon sulfidation was due to replacement of Fe0/FexOy surface sites with FeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , P.R. China
| | - Paul G Tratnyek
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health , Oregon Health & Science University , 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road , Portland , Oregon 97239 , United States
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