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Cao M, Wang F, Ma S, Geng H, Sun K. Recent advances on greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands: Mechanism, global warming potential, and environmental drivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124204. [PMID: 38788989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wetlands have exacerbated global warming, attracting worldwide attention. However, the research process and development trends in this field remain unknown. Herein, 1865 papers related to wetlands GHG emissions published from January 2000 to December 2023 were selected, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis to visually analyze the publications distribution, research authors, organizations and countries, core journal and keywords, and discussed the research progress, trends and hotspots in the fields. Over the past 24 years, the research has gone through three phases: the "embryonic" stage (2000-2006), the accumulation stage (2007-2014), and the acceleration stage (2015-2023). China has played a pivotal role in this domain, publishing the most papers and working closely with the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and Australia. In addition, this study synthesized 311 field observations from 123 publications to analyze the variability in GHG emissions and their driving factors in four different types of natural wetlands. The results suggested that the average carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in different wetlands were significantly different. River wetlands exhibited the highest GHG fluxes, while marsh wetlands demonstrated greater global warming potential (GWP). The average CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes were 60.41 mg m-2·h-1, 2.52 mg m-2·h-1 and 0.05 mg m-2·h-1, respectively. The GWP of Chinese natural wetlands was estimated as 648.72 Tg·CO2-eq·yr-1, and CH4 contributed the largest warming effect, accounting for 57.43%. Correlation analysis showed that geographical location, climate factors, and soil conditions collectively regulated GHG emissions from wetlands. The findings provide a new perspective on sustainable wetland management and reducing GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Cao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Geng
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Beijing, China
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Mason VG, Burden A, Epstein G, Jupe LL, Wood KA, Skov MW. Blue carbon benefits from global saltmarsh restoration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6517-6545. [PMID: 37746862 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saltmarshes are found globally, yet are 25%-50% reduced compared with their historical cover. Restoration is incentivised by the promise that marshes are efficient storers of 'blue' carbon, although the claim lacks substantiation across global contexts. We synthesised data from 431 studies to quantify the benefits of saltmarsh restoration to carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas uptake. The results showed global marshes store approximately 1.41-2.44 Pg carbon. Restored marshes had very low greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and rapid carbon accumulation, resulting in a mean net accumulation rate of 64.70 t CO2 e ha-1 year-1 . Using this estimate and potential restoration rates, we find saltmarsh regeneration could result in 12.93-207.03 Mt CO2 e accumulation per year, offsetting the equivalent of up to 0.51% global energy-related CO2 emissions-a substantial amount, considering marshes represent <1% of Earth's surface. Carbon accumulation rates and GHG fluxes varied contextually with temperature, rainfall and dominant vegetation, with the eastern coasts of the USA and Australia particular hotspots for carbon storage. While the study reveals paucity of data for some variables and continents, suggesting need for further research, the potential for saltmarsh restoration to offset carbon emissions is clear. The ability to facilitate natural carbon accumulation by saltmarshes now rests principally on the action of the management-policy community and on financial opportunities for supporting restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Mason
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Burden
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | - Graham Epstein
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucy L Jupe
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, UK
| | - Kevin A Wood
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, UK
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
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Chen M, Chang L, Zhang J, Guo F, Vymazal J, He Q, Chen Y. Global nitrogen input on wetland ecosystem: The driving mechanism of soil labile carbon and nitrogen on greenhouse gas emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 4:100063. [PMID: 36157707 PMCID: PMC9488104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands are significantly promoted by global nitrogen input for changing the rate of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, and are substantially affected by soil labile carbon and nitrogen conversely. However, the driving mechanism by which soil labile carbon and nitrogen affect greenhouse gas emissions from wetland ecosystems under global nitrogen input is not well understood. Working out the driving factor of nitrogen input on greenhouse gas emissions from wetlands is critical to reducing global warming from nitrogen input. Thus, we synthesized 72 published studies (2144 paired observations) of greenhouse gas fluxes and soil labile compounds of carbon and nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon), to understand the effects of labile carbon and nitrogen on greenhouse gas emissions under global nitrogen input. Across the data set, nitrogen input significantly promoted carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from wetlands. In particular, at lower nitrogen rates (<100 kg ha-1·yr-1) and with added ammonium compounds, freshwater wetland significantly promoted carbon dioxide and methane emissions. Peatland was the largest nitrous oxide source under these conditions. This meta-analysis also revealed that nitrogen input stimulated dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen accumulation in the wetland ecosystem. The variation-partitioning analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze the relationship between the greenhouse gas and labile carbon and nitrogen further. These results revealed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the primary factor driving greenhouse gas emission from wetlands under global nitrogen input, whereas microbial biomass carbon (MBC) more directly affects greenhouse gas emission than other labile carbon and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Lian Chang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Junmao Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Qiang He
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Corresponding author. College of Environment and Ecology, Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, 174 Shazhengjie Street, Shapingba District, China.
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Liu C, Hou L, Liu M, Zheng Y, Yin G, Dong H, Liang X, Li X, Gao D, Zhang Z. In situ nitrogen removal processes in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 93:91-97. [PMID: 32446462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine and intertidal wetlands are important sites for nitrogen transformation and elimination. However, the factors controlling nitrogen removal processes remain largely uncertain in the highly dynamic environments. In this study, continuous-flow experiment combined with 15N isotope pairing technique was used to investigate in situ rates of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and their coupling with nitrification in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The measured rates varied from below the detection limit to 152.39 µmol N/(m2·hr) for denitrification and from below the detection limit to 43.06 µmol N/(m2·hr) for anammox. The coupling links of nitrogen removal processes with nitrification were mainly dependent on nitrate, organic carbon, sulfide, dissolved oxygen and ferric iron in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands. Additionally, it was estimated that the actual nitrogen removal processes annually removed approximately 5% of the terrigenous inorganic nitrogen discharged into the Yangtze Estuary. This study gives new insights into nitrogen transformation and fate in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongpo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zongxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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