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Lv S, Zhang S, Zhang M, Liu F, Cheng L. Effects of multi-plant harvesting on nitrogen removal and recovery in constructed wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141550. [PMID: 38408572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The harvesting of plants is considered an effective method for nutrient recovery in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, excessive plant harvesting can lead to a decrease in plant biomass. It remains unclear what harvesting frequency can optimize plant nutrient uptake and pollutant removal. In this study, CWs planted with Myriophyllum aquaticum were constructed, and three different frequencies of plant harvesting (high: 45 days/time; low: 90 days/time; none: CK) were set to investigate nitrogen removal and its influencing mechanism, as well as the capacity for plant nutrient recovery. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) at 45 days/time, 90 days/time, and CK were 90.3%, 90.8%, and 88.3% respectively, while the corresponding total nitrogen (TN) were 61.2%, 67.4%, and 67.4%. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and water temperature were identified as the main environmental factors affecting nitrogen removal efficiency. Low harvest frequency (90 days/time) increased DO concentration and NH4+-N removal efficiency without impacting TN removal. Additionally, TN recovery from plants under high and low harvest was found to be approximately 9.21-9.32 times higher than that from no harvest conditions. The above studies indicated that a harvest frequency of every 90 days was one appropriate option for M. aquaticum, which not only increased NH4+-N removal efficiencies but also facilitated more efficient nitrogen recovery from the wetland system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shunan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China; College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan 410128, China
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2
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Zhang F, Wang J, Li L, Shen C, Zhang S, Zhang J, Liu R, Zhao Y. Technologies for performance intensification of floating treatment wetland - An explicit and comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 348:140727. [PMID: 37977538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
With the wide application of floating treatment wetland (FTW), the limited performance of FTWs should be improved. A comprehensive review is accordingly necessary to summarize the state-of-the-art on FTWs for performance improvement. An attempt has been made to gain information from literature about technologies to enhance the performance of FTWs. These technologies have been classified into three categories according to their mechanisms: 1) increasing the amount and activity of bacteria; 2) enhancing the growth of plant; and 3) configurable innovations. The design and application of each enhanced FTW have been discussed in detail. Thereafter, all the technologies have been compared and analyzed according to their improvement in pollutant removal and ecological effects. In summary, FTW with additional bio-carriers has a higher potential for future applications with the benefits of wide application conditions, scale-up potential, and the easy combination with other methods to further improve the removal efficiency. The stability and sustainability of these technologies should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Liyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China; Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Shaochen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Ranbin Liu
- Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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3
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Zhang Y, Sun S, Gu X, Yu Q, He S. Role of hydrophytes in constructed wetlands for nitrogen removal and greenhouse gases reduction. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129759. [PMID: 37716572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
With the prominence of global climate change and proposal of carbon reduction concept, how to maximize the comprehensive effect of nitrogen removal and greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction in constructed wetlands (CWs) has become crucial. As indispensable biological component of CWs, hydrophytes have received extensive attention owing to their application potential. This review comprehensively evaluates the functions of hydrophytes in nitrogen removal and GHGs reduction in CWs in terms of plants themselves, plant-mediated microbes and plant residues (hydrophyte carbon sources and hydrophyte-derived biochars). On this basis, the strategies for constructing an ideal CW system are put forward from the perspective of full life-cycle utilization of hydrophytes. Finally, considering the variability of plant species composition in CWs, outlooks for future research are specifically proposed. This review provides guidance and novel perspectives for the full life-cycle utilization of hydrophytes in CWs, as well as for the construction of an ideal CW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingjiang Yu
- Daqing Water Group Company Limited, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, China.
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4
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Mufarrege MDLM, Di Luca GA, Carreras ÁA, Hadad HR, Maine MA, Campagnoli MA, Nocetti E. Response of Typha domingensis Pers. in floating wetlands systems for the treatment of water polluted with phosphorus and nitrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50582-50592. [PMID: 36800086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this work were to evaluate the effects of P and N on the tolerance and root morphometry of Typha domingensis plants, and their implication in removal efficiency in floating treatment wetlands (FTWs). Pilot-scale plastic reactors containing plants, sediment, and tap water were arranged. FTWs consist of a plastic net, and buoyancy was provided by a PVC frame. After plant acclimation, 38 L of the synthetic effluent containing 10 mg L-1 N + 2 mg L-1 P was added to the reactors as follows: reactor A (with FTWs), reactor B (without FTWs), reactor BC (biological controls), and reactor CC (chemical control). Reactors were arranged in triplicate. During the experiment, three effluent dumps were made. The removals of SRP and TP were significantly higher in reactor A than in reactor B. N-NH4+ removal was not significantly different between reactors A and B, while N-NO3- removal from water was higher in reactor A than in reactor B. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll concentration and aerial and submerged (roots and rhizomes) biomass increased significantly in reactor A. TP concentrations were not different between rhizomes and leaves, while the lowest concentrations were observed in roots. The TKN in tissues was significantly higher in roots and rhizomes than in aerial parts. In plants exposed to the experimental solution, the internal and external root morphology changed. The use of FTWs is a promising strategy for the sustainable treatment of nutrient polluted water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de Las Mercedes Mufarrege
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Alfonsina Di Luca
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ángeles Araceli Carreras
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hernán Ricardo Hadad
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Maine
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Abel Campagnoli
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Nocetti
- Química Analítica Ambiental, Instituto de Química Aplicada del Litoral (IQAL, CONICET-UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santiago del Estero 2829, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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Wen JH, Li BY, Xiao HY, Gong CY, Gao AG, Wang YH, Li DL, Zeng HY, Li YZ, Yuan GX, Fu H, Wu AP. Floating Mat Formation Makes Zizania latifolia More Competitive under the Conditions of Continuous Significant Water Level Rise. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1193. [PMID: 36904053 PMCID: PMC10007199 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water level rise is considered an environmental filter for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants in lakes. Some emergent macrophytes can form floating mats, enabling them to escape from the negative effects of deep water. However, an understanding of which species can be uprooted and form floating mats easily and what factors affect these tendencies remains greatly elusive. We conducted an experiment to determine whether the monodominance of Zizania latifolia in the emergent vegetation community in Lake Erhai was related to its floating mat formation ability and to try to find the reasons for its floating mat formation ability during the continuous increase in water level over the past few decades. Our results showed that both the frequency and biomass proportion of Z. latifolia were greater among the plants on the floating mats. Furthermore, Z. latifolia was more likely to be uprooted than the other three previously dominant emergent species due to its smaller angle between the plant and the horizontal plane, rather than the root:shoot or volume:mass ratios. The dominance of Z. latifolia in the emergent community in Lake Erhai is due to its easier ability to become uprooted, allowing it to outperform other emergent species and become the single dominant emergent species under the environmental filter of deep water. The ability to uproot and form floating mats may be a competitive survival strategy for emergent species under the conditions of continuous significant water level rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hui Wen
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bing-Yao Li
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hong-Yu Xiao
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cai-Ying Gong
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - An-Guo Gao
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - De-Liang Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | | | - You-Zhi Li
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Yuan
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Fu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ai-Ping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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6
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Zhang J, Fan C, Zhao M, Wang Z, Jiang S, Jin Z, Bei K, Zheng X, Wu S, Lin P, Miu H. A comprehensive review on mixotrophic denitrification processes for biological nitrogen removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137474. [PMID: 36493890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological denitrification is the most widely used method for nitrogen removal in water treatment. Compared with heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification, mixotrophic denitrification is later studied and used. Because mixotrophic denitrification can overcome some shortcomings of heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification, such as a high carbon source demand for heterotrophic denitrification and a long start-up time for autotrophic denitrification. It has attracted extensive attention of researchers and is increasingly used in biological nitrogen removal processes. However, so far, a comprehensive review is lacking. This paper aims to review the current research status of mixotrophic denitrification and provide guidance for future research in this field. It is shown that mixotrophic denitrification processes can be divided into three main kinds based on different kinds of electron donors, mainly including sulfur-, hydrogen-, and iron-based reducing substances. Among them, sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification is the most widely studied. The most concerned influencing factors of mixotrophic denitrification processes are hydraulic retention times (HRT) and ratio of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to total inorganic nitrogen (C/N). The dominant functional bacteria of sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification system are Thiobacillus, Azoarcus, Pseudomonas, and Thauera. At present, mixotrophic denitrification processes are mainly applied for nitrogen removal in drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment. Finally, challenges and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Shunfeng Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Zhan Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Ke Bei
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Suqing Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Ping Lin
- Wenzhou Drainage Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Huanyi Miu
- Wenzhou Ecological Park Development and Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
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7
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Sun S, Zhang M, Gu X, He S, Tang L. Microbial response mechanism of plants and zero valent iron in ecological floating bed: Synchronous nitrogen, phosphorus removal and greenhouse gas emission reduction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116326. [PMID: 36182841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron-based ecological floating beds (EFBs) are often used to treat the secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plant to enhance the denitrification process. However, the impact and necessity of plants on iron-based EFBs have not been systematically studied. In this research, two iron-based EFBs with and without plants (EFB-P and EFB) were performed to investigate the response of plants on nutrient removal, GHG emissions, microbial communities and functional genes. Results showed the total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal in EFB-P was 45-79% and 48-72%, respectively, while that in EFB was 31-67% and 44-57%. Meanwhile, plants could decrease CH4 emission flux (0-3.89 mg m-2 d-1) and improve CO2 absorption (4704-22321 mg m-2 d-1). Plants could increase the abundance of Nitrosospira to 1.6% which was a kind of nitrifying bacteria dominant in plant rhizosphere. Among all denitrification related genera, Simplicispira (13.08%) and Novosphingobium (6.25%) accounted for the highest proportion of plant rhizosphere and iron scrap, respectively. Anammox bacteria such as Candidatus_Brocadia was more enriched on iron scraps with the highest proportion was 1.21% in EFB-P, and 2.20% in EFB. Principal co-ordinates analysis showed that plants were the critical factor determining microbial community composition. TN removal pathways were mixotrophic denitrification and anammox in EFB-P while TP removal pathways were plant uptake and phosphorus-iron coprecipitation. In general, plants play an important directly or indirectly role in iron-based EFBs systems, which could not only improve nutrients removal, but also minimize the global warming potential and alleviate the greenhouse effect to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 20092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.
| | - Li Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai, 200031, PR China; Shanghai Landscape Architecture Design Institute, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
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8
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Shen S, Li X, Lu X. Recent developments and applications of floating treatment wetlands for treating different source waters: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62061-62084. [PMID: 34586569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most water bodies around the world suffer from pollution to varying degrees. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a simple and efficient ecological treatment technology and have been widely studied and applied as a sustainable solution for different source waters. Based on the analysis of abundant literature in the last ten years, this paper systematically reviews the history and the latest development of FTWs. Meanwhile, the treatment performance and pollutant removal mechanisms of FTWs on the natural water, stormwater, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff are analyzed. In particular, very interesting information is provided, such as water depth, water surface coverage, the ratio of dissolved to total phosphorous (DRP/TP), the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N/P), BOD/COD ratio, and its effects on the efficiency and removal mechanisms of FTWs. This information will provide useful references and guidance for optimizing the design of FTW and pollutant treatment efficiency of different source waters. This paper also provides an objective review of the limitations of FTWs. Subsequently, the enhancements of FTW technology which are recognized to be effective, including aeration, adding functional fillers or obligate degrading bacteria, and construction of hybrid FTWs, are summarized and recommendations are made for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Shen
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- Sch Energy & Environment, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Rd, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment Wuxi, 99 Linghu Rd, Wuxi, 214135, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Xu J, Liu J, Hu J, Wang H, Sheng L, Dong X, Jiang X. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in simulated wastewater by two aquatic plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63237-63249. [PMID: 34227002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution control is the focus of environmental pollution control. Ecological water treatment is widely used because of its low cost and landscape effect, and has no pollution. Aquatic plants have attracted wide attention because of their low cost and high level of resource utilization. In order to study the effects of emergent and submerged plants on the removal of different concentrations of wastewater, and the effect of pollutants on plant growth, two common aquatic plants found in Northeast China (Iris ensata Thunb. and Potamogeton malaianus Miq.) were selected. Under static conditions, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater with different concentrations by two kinds of plants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) in medium- and high-pollutant concentration water samples and total phosphorus (TP) in medium- and low-pollutant concentration water with I. ensata reached more than 75%. The removal rate of TN in the medium-pollutant concentration water with P. malaianus reached 71.4%, while the removal efficiency of TN and TP in the low-pollutant concentration water was higher than 80%. In the Nanhu Park Lake samples, I. ensata had the highest removal rates of TN (80.38%) and TP (85.62%). This study shows that both I. ensata and P. malaianus can be used as aquatic plants to restore the water quality of urban lakes. This research provides an important basis for the phytoremediation and treatment of urban domestic wastewater and urban surface water bodies in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Jiao Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Hanxi Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration / School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Jingyue Street 2555, Changchun, 130017, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- , Nanhu Park, Gongnong Road 2715, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- , Nanhu Park, Gongnong Road 2715, Changchun, 130021, China
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Qin S, Zhang X, He S, Huang J. Improvement of nitrogen removal with iron scraps in floating treatment wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17878-17890. [PMID: 33398766 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetland (FTW) in restoration of low C/N ratio wastewater was deemed to a frequently used method. However, the nitrate removal performance in floating beds was limited due to insufficient organic carbon sources. Iron scraps as a potential electron donor was beneficial to the NO3--N reduction. To research the removal performance and mechanism of denitrification in FTW with iron scraps, FTW with Iris pseudacorus was built, and iron scraps were added as an electron donor to improve nitrogen removal efficiency. The batch experimental results demonstrated that the proper mass ratio of iron scraps to NO3--N was 500:1. With iron scraps, the NO3--N removal efficiency of FTW and control system increased significantly to 98.04% and 44.42% respectively in 2 weeks, while there was no obvious influence on the removal of NH4+-N. After adding iron scraps, the proportion of bacteria in the systems related to iron cycle and the relative abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria have increased obviously. By calculating the nitrogen balance, nitrogen reduction via plant uptake accounted for 8.79%, and the microbial denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway in FTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Qin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dong Chuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Chen G, Fu Z, Qiao H, Liu F. Assessing wetland nitrogen removal and reed (Phragmites australis) nutrient responses for the selection of optimal harvest time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111783. [PMID: 33349513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands play an important role in reducing the impact of nitrogen pollution on natural aquatic environments. However, during the plant wilting period (winter) there will inevitably be a reduction in nitrogen removal from wetlands. Understanding optimum harvest time will allow the use of management practices to balance the trade-off between nitrogen removal and the sustainability of wetlands. In this study, we investigated wetland nitrogen removal and reed (Phragmites australis) nutrient responses for two years [first year: influent total nitrogen (TN) 17.6-34.7 mg L-1; second year: influent TN 3.2-10.0 mg L-1] to identify the optimal harvest time: before wilting, mid-wilting, or late wilting. Harvesting decreased wetland nitrogen removal in both years, with later harvest time producing a smaller decrease in TN and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal. In addition to harvest before wilting, aboveground reed harvest at mid-wilting harvested more nutrients [carbon (C) 7.9%, nitrogen (N) 46.6% and phosphorus (P) 43.6%] in the first year, while harvest at late wilting harvested more nutrients (C 4.9%, N 7.8% and P 24.1%) in the second year, although this was not statistically significant. The late wilting harvest caused fewer disturbances to root stoichiometric homeostasis in the first year, while mid-wilting harvest promoted root nutrient availability in the second year. In addition, redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that root stoichiometry was interrelated with wetland nitrogen removal. Our results suggest that optimal harvest time was late wilting on the basis of wetland nitrogen removal, or either mid- or late wilting according to reed nutrient response to influent nitrogen concentration in some years. Our results provide crucial information for winter wetlands management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China.
| | - Guifa Chen
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Zishi Fu
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Hongxia Qiao
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Low-carbon Agriculture (SERCLA), Shanghai, 201415, PR China.
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12
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Nutrient Removal Efficiency and Growth of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale) under Different Harvesting Regimes in Integrated Recirculating Aquaponic Systems for Rearing Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The harvesting of plant biomass is usually implemented as an effective tool for plant management and removing the nutrients absorbed in plant tissues. Here, the influence of harvesting different biomasses (50%, 33%, 25%, and 0% (no harvest)) of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) was investigated in integrated recirculating aquaponic systems (IRASs) for rearing common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Twelve independent IRASs were designed (4 × 3); each system consisted of a fish rearing tank, a waste collection tank, and a hydroponic bed. Water quality parameters and the growth of both fish and plants were measured in all the systems, and then the nutrient removal capacities of the hydroponic beds were calculated. The results revealed that increasing the biweekly harvested biomass of the plants decreased the growth of the watercress, while it did not affect the growth of the common carp. Increasing the harvested biomass of the plants also decreased the nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate removal efficiencies of the aquaponic systems, while it did not affect the ammonia and nitrite nitrogen removal efficiencies. Therefore, a biweekly harvesting of less than 25% of the biomass of the growing watercress is recommended for efficient nutrient removal and the sustainable growth of both watercress and the common carp in aquaponic systems.
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Colares GS, Dell'Osbel N, Wiesel PG, Oliveira GA, Lemos PHZ, da Silva FP, Lutterbeck CA, Kist LT, Machado ÊL. Floating treatment wetlands: A review and bibliometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136776. [PMID: 31991269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) have attained tremendous popularity for water purification purposes. Through this phyto-technology, naturally occurring macrophytes are allowed to grow on the water surface on a buoyant raft or a rigid support, keeping the plant roots permanently in contact with the water and removing pollutants via several processes. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed FTWs and to perform a bibliometric analysis using three keywords: "Floating", "Treatment" and "Wetlands". From bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software and the Web of Science database, it was possible to verify the number of publications over the years and the countries and authors with the most published articles on these systems and other related terms. Subsequently, a review was performed on the main mechanisms of pollutant removal by FTWs as well as experiences and recommendations for major design and operating aspects for their application, such as water depth, hydraulic retention time (HRT), floating mat, water surface coverage, artificial aeration, plant selection and pruning or harvesting. It was verified that FTWs are a potential technology for treating several wastewater types and water remediation under different conditions. Even with the increasing number of publications in recent years, many design and operation aspects related to system performance still demand more research in order to better understand the relations between macrophytes and other pollutant removal mechanisms and to thereby improve the treatment efficiency of FTW systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Naira Dell'Osbel
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Patrik G Wiesel
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Gislayne A Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av, Bento Gonçalves, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Z Lemos
- Industrial Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fagner P da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Lutterbeck
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Lourdes T Kist
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Ênio L Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul 96815-900, Brazil.
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14
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Sun S, Liu J, Zhang M, He S. Thiosulfate-driven autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for secondary effluent treatment: Reducing sulfate production and nitrous oxide emission. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122651. [PMID: 31887578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three ecological floating beds (EFBs) with different additional electron donors including sodium thiosulfate, mixed electron donors of sodium thiosulfate and sodium acetate and without additional electron donors were established to compare the differences of nitrogen removal efficiency, nitrous oxide emission, microbial community and functional gene between autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification. Results showed denitrification efficiency was nearly 100% in both autotrophic and mixotrophic process when electron donors were sufficient while that ranged from 4 to 43% without additional electron donors. Sodium acetate addition could effectively decrease sulfate concentration in effluent and nitrogen oxide flux. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed autotrophic denitrifying bacteria were dominant in autotrophic denitrification while autotrophic, facultative and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in mixotrophic denitrification, and there was no dominant genus. For EFB with mixed external autotrophic and heterotrophic electron donors, it can not only achieve better denitrification efficiency, but also reduce the emission of nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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15
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Sun S, Liu J, Zhang M, He S. Simultaneous improving nitrogen removal and decreasing greenhouse gas emission with biofilm carriers addition in ecological floating bed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121944. [PMID: 31444120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecological floating bed (EFB) is a green technology for treatment of micro-polluted wastewater. However, its nitrogen removal efficiency is still unsatisfactory. In this study, two EFBs with additional carbon source were established to explore biofilm carriers addition on nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at different C/N ratios and temperatures. Results showed that biofilm carriers addition increased nitrification and nitrogen removal efficiencies in EFB, and more denitrifying and nitrifying bacteria were attached to the biofilm carriers. Higher N2O and CH4 emissions were found in control EFB without biofilm carriers addition which was consistent with higher nitrite accumulation. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that adding biofilm carriers could improve the richness and diversity of biological communities. For EFB with additional carbon source treating secondary effluent, adding biofilm carrier can obtain higher TN removal efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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