1
|
Chen X, Mou L, Qu J, Wu L, Liu C. Adverse effects of triclosan exposure on health and potential molecular mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163068. [PMID: 36965724 PMCID: PMC10035793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of disinfectants has grown significantly around the world. Triclosan (TCS), namely 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol or 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, is a broad-spectrum, lipophilic, antibacterial agent that is extensively used in multifarious consumer products. Due to the widespread use and bioaccumulation, TCS is frequently detected in the environment and human biological samples. Accumulating evidence suggests that TCS is considered as a novel endocrine disruptor and may have potential unfavorable effects on human health, but studies on the toxic effect mediated by TCS exposure as well as its underlying mechanisms of action are relatively sparse. Therefore, in this review, we attempted to summarize the potential detrimental effects of TCS exposure on human reproductive health, liver function, intestinal homeostasis, kidney function, thyroid endocrine, and other tissue health, and further explore its mechanisms of action, thereby contributing to the better understanding of TCS characteristics and safety. Moreover, our work suggested the need to further investigate the biological effects of TCS exposure at the metabolic level in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Li Mou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Jiayuan Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Liling Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen CY, Sun CY, Hsu HJ, Wu IW, Chen YC, Lee CC. Xenoestrogen exposure and kidney function in the general population: Results of a community-based study by laboratory tests and questionnaire-based interviewing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106585. [PMID: 33910077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing concern worldwide. Exposure to xenoestrogens (XEs), such as phthalates, parabens, and phenols, lead to CKD. However, kidney function and its complex relationship with XEs, lifestyle, and dietary habits are not well understood. METHODS In the present cross-sectional community-based cohort study, we enrolled 887 subjects for a questionnaire-based interview and laboratory tests. XE exposure concerning lifestyle/dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires. Urinary levels of 17XE metabolites were measured in 60 subjects with high exposure risk scores and 60 subjects with low exposure risk scores. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate linear regression showed that a high exposure score (β ± SE: 4.226 ± 1.830, P = 0.021) was independently negatively associated with eGFR in 887 subjects. Univariate and multivariate linear regression to urinary XEs and urine albumin creatinine excretion ratio (UACR) in 120 subjects indicated that ethylparaben (EP) (β: 1.934, 95% CI: 0.135-3.733, P = 0.035) was significantly associated with increased UACR. Multivariate regression analyses of the CKD subgroup (n = 38), after adjusting for age, showed that higher levels of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), EP, nonylphenol (NP), and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) were significantly associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Higher urinary levels of MEHP (OR: 3.037, 95% CI: 1.274-7.241) were more likely associated with high exposure scores (>5 points), after adjusting for diabetes, gender, eGFR, age, Na, Ca, albumin, vitamin D, systolic blood pressure (SBP), white blood cell count, total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase, and heart rate. MEHP (β ± SE: 0.033 ± 0.009, P < 0.001) was also significantly positively associated with total exposure scores after applying multivariate linear regression analyses. CONCLUSION XE exposure scores obtained from the questionnaires were negatively associated with kidney function. Urinary metabolites of XEs, including EP, NP, BP-3, and MEHP, are potential risk factors for microalbuminuria and decline in kidney function. MEHP seemed to have the strongest correlation with high exposure scores and decline in kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Jung Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333423, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chan Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, 222, Mai-Chin Road, Keelung 20401, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Priego AR, Parra EG, Mas S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Bisphenol A Modulates Autophagy and Exacerbates Chronic Kidney Damage in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7189. [PMID: 34281243 PMCID: PMC8268806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that accumulates in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our aim was to explore the effect of chronic exposition of BPA in healthy and injured kidney investigating potential mechanisms involved. METHODS In C57Bl/6 mice, administration of BPA (120 mg/kg/day, i.p for 5 days/week) was done for 2 and 5 weeks. To study BPA effect on CKD, a model of subtotal nephrectomy (SNX) combined with BPA administration for 5 weeks was employed. In vitro studies were done in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 line). RESULTS Chronic BPA administration to healthy mice induces inflammatory infiltration in the kidney, tubular injury and renal fibrosis (assessed by increased collagen deposition). Moreover, in SNX mice BPA exposure exacerbates renal lesions, including overexpression of the tubular damage biomarker Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Havcr-1/KIM-1). BPA upregulated several proinflammatory genes and increased the antioxidant response [Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme Oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (Nqo-1)] both in healthy and SNX mice. The autophagy process was modulated by BPA, through elevated autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (Map1lc3b/Lc3b) and Beclin-1 gene levels and blockaded the autophagosome maturation and flux (p62 levels). This autophagy deregulation was confirmed in vitro. CONCLUSIONS BPA deregulates autophagy flux and redox protective mechanisms, suggesting a potential mechanism of BPA deleterious effects in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ruiz Priego
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM/IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Emilio González Parra
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM/IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM/IRSIN, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.P.); (S.M.)
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology Department, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Faculty of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Faculty of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva de Carvalho TG, Tavares NHC, Bastos MLA, Rodrigues de Oliveira BB, Araújo LF, Ferreira MJM. Exposure to Chemical and Biological Agents at Work and Cardiovascular Disease in Brazil: A Population-Based Study. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e341-e345. [PMID: 33950035 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating the relationship between exposure to chemical and biological agents at work and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in a Brazilian national health survey. METHODS A cross-sectional study using the database of 36.442 participants from the Brazilian National Health Survey. Logistic Regression analysis was performed for multivariable models. RESULTS After adjustments for key confounders, we observed that those individuals exposed to chemical agents and biological materials at work had 62% (95% CI: 1.20; 2.20) and 66% (95% CI: 1.03; 2.65), respectively, higher odds of having cardiovascular disease compared to employed individuals who did not report exposure to biological materials/chemical agents at work. CONCLUSION This study draws attention to the role of chemical and biological risks in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. In this sense, it is necessary developing systematic and intersectoral actions for Workers' Health Surveillance to promote health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thalyta Gleyane Silva de Carvalho
- Post Graduate Program of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara (Dr Carvalho, Dr Tavares, Dr Bastos, Dr Araújo, Dr Oliveira, and Dr Ferreira); London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London City, UK (Dr Ferreira)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan W, Ye X, Zhu Z, Li C, Zhou J, Liu J. Urinary cadmium concentrations and risk of primary ovarian insufficiency in women: a case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2025-2035. [PMID: 33222148 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal that occurs in the environment in large quantities through human activities, has been shown to have adverse effects on female reproductive health. However, the association between cadmium exposure and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), one of the most prevalent ovarian diseases in women, has not been examined yet. This case-control study involving 169 POI cases and 209 healthy controls was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. The urinary concentrations of cadmium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, serum levels of reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol, were measured. The median concentration of urinary cadmium in POI cases (0.43 μg/L, 0.58 μg/g for creatinine adjustment) was significantly higher than that of controls (0.29 μg/L, 0.43 μg/g for creatinine adjustment). The results of binary logistic regression models showed that the concentrations of urinary cadmium were positively significantly correlated with the odds ratio (ORs) of POI before the adjustment of confounders. After the adjustment, a significantly positive association was still present between the increased concentrations of cadmium and the ORs of POI (2.50, 95% CIs: 1.34-4.65 for the third tertile, p for trend = 0.001). The serum levels of FSH and LH were positively associated with urinary cadmium, while AMH and estradiol levels were inversely correlated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported positive association of cadmium exposure with the risk of POI in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wuye Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chunming Li
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Women's Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Environmental Distribution of Personal Care Products and Their Effects on Human Health. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:216-253. [PMID: 34400954 PMCID: PMC8170769 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.114891.15088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are generally used for personal hygiene, cleaning, grooming, and beautification. These include hair and skin care products, baby care products, UV blocking creams, facial cleansers, insect repellents, perfumes, fragrances, soap, detergents, shampoos, conditioners, toothpaste, etc., thus exposing humans easily. Personal preferences related to PCPs usage frequency are highly variable and depend on socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors. The increasing availability and diversity of PCPs from the retailer outlets consequently result in higher loading of PCPs into wastewater systems and, therefore, the environment. These compounds persistently and continuously release biologically active and inactive ingredients in the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and demonstrating adverse effects on human, wild, and marine life. Advanced techniques such as granular activated carbon filtration and algae-based system may help biotransformation and remove PCP contaminants from water with improved efficiency. Additionally, harmony among PCPs related regulations of different countries may encourage standard checks to control their manufacturing, sale, and distribution across the borders to ensure consumers' safety. Furthermore, all intended ingredients, their concentrations, and instructions for frequency of use as per age groups may be clearly labeled on packages of PCPs. In conclusion, the emerging environmental contaminants of PCPs and their association with the growing risks of negative effects on human health and globally on the environment emphasize the chemical-free simple lifestyle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen Y, Liu T, Shi Y, Zhuang F, Lu J, Zhu Q, Ding F. Bisphenol A analogs in patients with chronic kidney disease and dialysis therapy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 185:109684. [PMID: 31541948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hemodialysis filters may contribute to bisphenol burden in patients on hemodialysis (HD). The serum levels of BPA and three BPA analogs, namely, bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF), in 58 patients with CKD, 66 patients on dialysis therapy and 30 healthy control were investigated. The content of four bisphenols (BPs) was also examined in three types of dialysis filters, followed by an in vitro elution experiment to test the release of BPs from the dialysis filters. The serum levels of BPA (r = -0.746, p < 0.05) and BPS (r = -0.433, p < 0.05) in 58 CKD patients and 30 healthy control were correlated with the decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate. The serum levels of BPs in the HD patients were higher than those in the peritoneal dialysis patients (p < 0.05). In the in vitro study on the BP contents in dialysis filters, BPA was the main form of the BPs in the polysulfone membrane (20.86 ± 1.18 ng/mg) and in the polyamide membrane (18.70 ± 2.88 ng/mg), and a modicum of BPS (0.01 ± 0.01 ng/mg) was detected in the polyethersulfone membrane. The results of the elution experiment were in accordance with the results of BPs content in the dialysis filters. Insufficient renal function may lead to BPs accumulation in patients with CKD, and BPs in dialysis products may cause BPs burden in patients on HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|