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Xu M, He R, Cui G, Wei J, Li X, Xie Y, Shi P. Quantitative tracing the sources and human risk assessment of complex soil pollution in an industrial park. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119185. [PMID: 38810828 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pollution in industrial parks has long been characterized by complex pollution sources and difficulties in identifying pollutant origins. This study focuses on a typical industrial park consisting of 11 factories (F1-F11) including organic pigment, inorganic pigment, and chemical factories in Hunan Province, China, here, a total of 327 sample points were surveyed. Eight pollutants (Mn, Cd, As, Co, NH3-N, l, 1,2-Trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, and petroleum hydrocarbons) were classified as contaminants of concern (COCs). This study assessed the contributions of driving factors to the distribution of COCs in the soil. Pollutant source apportionment was conducted using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and random forest (RF). The results revealed that the main factors driving pollution are groundwater migration, non-compliant emissions, leaks during production, and interactions among pollutants. The primary pollution sources were four chemical factories and an inorganic pigment factory. Source 5 demonstrates significant correlations with TCA (29.6%), CB (30%), and As (31.6%). Two chemical factories (F7 and F10) are the most significant pollution source with a risk assessment contribution rate of more than 60%. The present study sheds some light on the contamination characteristics, source apportionment and source-health risk assessment of COCs in industrial park. By utilizing the proposed research framework, decision-makers can effectively prioritize and address identified pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke Xu
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruicheng He
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Guannan Cui
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinjin Wei
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Peili Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Linhares D, Garcia P, Pimentel A, Gaspar D, Rodrigues ADS. Using cattle hair to assess exposure to essential trace elements in volcanic soils. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127345. [PMID: 38039710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In areas where cattle graze outdoors, the environmental availability of trace elements is of utmost importance for an adequate intake. Cattle hair trace elements can be used as exposure biomarkers to assess animal intake and help ensure good nutrition and animal welfare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental exposure to trace elements in cattle grazing outdoors in a volcanic region (São Miguel Island, Azores) and assess the corresponding bioaccumulation factors. METHODS Twenty-nine samples of pasture topsoil were collected in two areas of São Miguel with different geological characteristics: Picos fissure system (basaltic area) and Povoação volcano (trachytic area). Hair from fifty-four animals (calves and dairy cows) was collected in two grazing sites: Ponta Delgada (Picos fissure system) and Povoação (Povoação volcano). All samples were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after digestion in aqua regia. RESULTS Basaltic soils of the Picos fissure system had significantly higher concentrations of most trace elements, except Mo, when compared with the trachytic soils of Povoação volcano. Hair of calves from Povoação showed higher concentrations of most essential trace elements, except Mg, Cu, and Zn, than hair from calves of Ponta Delgada (considered in this study as a control group since they are raised in a barn). On the other hand, hair from dairy cows grazing in Ponta Delgada showed higher concentrations of most essential trace elements, except Mg, As, and Mo, when compared with hair of cows grazing in Povoação. CONCLUSIONS Cattle hair trace elements are suitable biomarkers for the assessment of the environmental exposure to trace elements in volcanic soils. The results from dairy cows support the uneven distribution of essential trace elements (and their bioavailability) in the different soils of São Miguel, reinforcing the need to graze animals outdoors from an early age. Such practice (grazing cattle outdoors) provides another means of accessing essential trace elements that complemented with feed can reduce the natural depletion of these essential elements in the body due to reproductive phenomena and milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linhares
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CIVISA, Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Diogo Gaspar
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Armindo Dos Santos Rodrigues
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Hajri AK, Albalawi MA, Alsharif I, Jamoussi B. Marine Algae Extract ( Grateloupia Sparsa) for the Green Synthesis of Co 3O 4NPs: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Hemolytic Activities. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:3977935. [PMID: 37388628 PMCID: PMC10307385 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3977935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aqueous extract of red algae was used for bio-inspired manufacturing of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) and for antioxidant, antibacterial, hemolytic potency, and anticancer activity. Typical, characterization techniques include UV-Vis, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Using an X-ray diffraction assay, the size of the Co3O4NPs crystal was determined to range from 23.2 to 11.8 nm. Based on TEM and SEM pictures, biosynthesized Co3O4NPs' had a homogeneous spherical morphology with a 28.8 to 7.6 nm average diameter. Furthermore, Co3O4NPs biological properties were investigated, including determining the antibacterial potency using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method and determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity of Co3O4NPs was higher than that of the ciprofloxacin standard. Alternatively, scavenging of DPPH free radical investigation was carried out to test the antioxidant capacitance of Co3O4NPs, revealing significant antioxidant ability. The biosynthesized Co3O4NPs have a dose-dependent effect on erythrocyte viability, indicating that this technique is harmless. Furthermore, bioinspired Co3O4NPs effectively against HepG2 cancer cells (IC50: 201.3 μg/ml). Co3O4NPs would be a therapeutic aid due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira K. Hajri
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marzough A. Albalawi
- Department of Chemistry, Alwajh College, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifat Alsharif
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Jamoussi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Use of a Hydrophobic Azo Dye for the Centrifuge-Less Cloud Point Extraction–Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154725. [PMID: 35897901 PMCID: PMC9332315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrophobic azo dye 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR, H2L) was studied as part of a system for the centrifuge-less cloud point extraction (CL-CPE) and spectrophotometric determination of traces of cobalt. The extracted 1:2 (Co:HTAR) complex, [CoIII(HL−)(L2−)]0, shows an absorption maximum at 553 nm and contains HTAR in two different acid–base forms. Optimum conditions for its formation and CL-CPE were found as follows: 1 × 10−5 mol L−1 of HTAR, 1.64% of Triton X-114, pH of 7.8, incubation time of 20 min at ca. 50 °C, and cooling time of 30 min at ca. −20 °C. The linear range, limit of detection, and apparent molar absorptivity coefficient were 5.4–189 ng mL−1, 1.64 ng mL−1, and 2.63 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1, respectively. The developed procedure does not use any organic solvents and can be described as simple, cheap, sensitive, convenient, and environmentally friendly. It was successfully applied to the analysis of artificial mixtures and real samples, such as steel, dental alloy, rainwater, ampoules of vitamin B12, and saline solution for intravenous infusion.
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Bhagat C, Misra A, Mohapatra PK, Babu DSS, Kumar M. Salinity and temperature profiling for the submarine groundwater discharge simulations: Quantification through heat and solute transport model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151888. [PMID: 34822901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developed coastal regions are the hotspots for contaminated groundwater discharge, affecting sensitive marine ecosystems. The present study aims to identify submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) locations and quantify the contaminant load reaching to the western coast of India (Gujarat coast) using stable isotopes, seepage meter, heat and solute transport model. The coastal aquifers are highly enriched in trace metals due to various active natural processes and anthropogenic activities across the coast. Terrestrial and recirculated SGD was a significant contributor to flow and metal load, which ranged from 1.04 to 181.1 m3.year-1 and 0-77.41 kg.year-1, respectively. The highest estimated SGD in the Gujarat coast was relatively less than the SGD reported in the Bay of Bengal and comparable to the South Chennai coast. The order of metal flux found in the study was Zn > Fe > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Mn, whereas the highest flux of Zn (77.41 kg. year-1) was reported at Fansa beach, which was 7x Fe-flux and 45 x Cr-flux, respectively. Higher micronutrients (Fe and Zn) load in the southern coast leads to increased vulnerability of eutrophication, algal blooms and biotic ligand formation in aquatic species. This enrichment of micronutrients in the coastal ecosystem was evident by the growth of seaweeds on the seabed at SGD identified locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Bhagat
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Anant Misra
- Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mohapatra
- Discipline of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - D S Suresh Babu
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram 695031, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
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Linhares D, Pimentel A, Garcia P, Rodrigues A. Deficiency of essential elements in volcanic soils: potential harmful health effects on grazing cattle. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3883-3895. [PMID: 33712971 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several essential nutrients such as Fe, Co, Cu, I, Se, and Zn are vital to grazing cattle as they play a significant role in intracellular enzyme systems, with antioxidant and repair functions of DNA lesions. Feeds may supply most essential nutrients in adequate amounts. However, essential nutrient deficiencies are common and are mainly related to the geochemical characteristics of the soils, inherited from parent rocks. This study aims to assess the concentrations of the selected essential nutrients in topsoils and pasture grass from São Miguel Island (Azores) and discuss the possible effects of its deficiency in grazing cattle health. Sixty-eight samples of agricultural (pastures) topsoil and thirty samples of pasture grass were collected throughout São Miguel Island in areas with basaltic and trachytic parent rocks. Soil physicochemical properties and geochemical baselines of selected elements were determined on composite samples of soil and pasture grass in each site. Results indicate that the highest concentrations of the selected essential nutrients were observed in areas with basaltic soils, while the lowest values were found in areas with trachytic soils. These differences are considered of geogenic origin since they result from the weathering of volcanic parent rocks with different geochemical compositions. Data indicate a lack of some essential nutrients in topsoils (Co and Se) and/or pasture grass (Co, Cu, Se, and Zn) that can contribute to harmful health effects on grazing cattle. The uneven distribution of essential nutrients in topsoil and pasture grass and their deficiency can lead to several health problems in the cattle since these elements regulate physiological functions in biological systems. The identification of these deficit sites is important as it can help farmers to implement soil and/or animal supplementation programs to diminish possible health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linhares
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.
| | - Adriano Pimentel
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- CIVISA, Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- InBIO Associate Laboratory, CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Pole of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- CE3C, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Armindo Rodrigues
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, Apartado 1422, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Pinho SC, Faria MA, Melo A, Pinto E, Almeida A, Alves R, Cabrita AR, Fonseca AJ, Ferreira IM. Effect of skimmed milk on intestinal tract: Prevention of increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide formation. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chen Z, Yang J, Zhu L, Zhang A, Wang Z, Liu P, Wang G, Li C, Luo T, Zhou Y. Classification of typical hot springs and their relationship with health in Guizhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1287-1304. [PMID: 32974884 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aim to classify typical hot springs in Guizhou, China and their relevance to health. Assessing geochemical characters of typical hot springs of Guizhou and classifying through hierarchical cluster analysis, an epidemiologic study was conducted to analyze the correlation between hot spring types and health, which showed typical hot springs in Guizhou can be divided into two types, A and B. Type A is rich in fluorine, metasilicic acid, radon components and a large number of essential elements, such as Na, that the human body needs, with trace elements, such as Cr and V, that are essential or possibly essential. Type B is rich in fluorine, metasilicate, strontium components and a large number of essential elements, Ca, Mg, and S, with trace elements, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, and Ni, that are essential or possibly essential. These hot springs' effects on the health of those bathing in them showed both types were associated with bone and joint diseases. Having bathed in hot springs during the past year was associated with skin symptoms and bone and joint symptoms, and having bathed within the past two weeks was linked to sleep quality and levels of appetite and energy. However, differences do exist between the correlation between the two types and some chronic diseases, with Type A hot springs significantly related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetes and Type B to hypertension. This classification of Guizhou's hot springs can guide the future development and use of hot spring physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Chen
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
- No.117 Geological Team, Bureauog Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education, University town, Gui'an New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education, University town, Gui'an New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education, University town, Gui'an New Area, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Liu
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganlu Wang
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Luo
- Resources and Environmental Engineering College, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Huaxi, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- No.114 Geological Team, Bureauog Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, People's Republic of China
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Navarro-Sempere A, Segovia Y, Rodrigues AS, Garcia PV, Camarinho R, García M. First record on mercury accumulation in mice brain living in active volcanic environments: a cytochemical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:171-183. [PMID: 32794111 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of mercury vapor exposure on the brain in volcanic areas have not been previously addressed in the literature. However, 10% of the worldwide population inhabits in the vicinity of an active volcano, which are natural sources of elemental mercury emission. To evaluate the presence of mercury compounds in the brain after chronic exposure to volcanogenic mercury vapor, a histochemical study, using autometallographic silver, was carried out to compare the brain of mice chronically exposed to an active volcanic environment (Furnas village, Azores, Portugal) with those not exposed (Rabo de Peixe village, Azores, Portugal). Results demonstrated several mercury deposits in blood vessels, white matter and some cells of the hippocampus in the brain of chronically exposed mice. Our results highlight that chronic exposure to an active volcanic environment results in brain mercury accumulation, raising an alert regarding potential human health risks. These findings support the hypothesis that mercury exposure can be a risk factor in causing neurodegenerative diseases in the inhabitants of volcanically active areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Navarro-Sempere
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Y Segovia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - P V Garcia
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, and Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - R Camarinho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- IVAR, Research Institute for Volcanology and Risk Assessment, University of the Azores, 9501-801, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M García
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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Environmental Risk Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Agricultural Soil of Shangdan Valley, Northwest China. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To understand the environmental quality and heavy metal(loid) pollution of farmlands in Shangdan Valley, the contents of macroelements (Na, K, Si, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, P, S, Cl, Br) and heavy metal(loid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni, V, Co, Cr, As) were surveyed by the X-ray fluorescence method. The pollution degree and ecological risk of the heavy metal(loid)s were judged by the Nemerow synthetic pollution index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index, and their sources were identified by the multivariate statistic method. The mean contents of nine heavy metal(loid)s in Shangdan Valley farmland soil exceeded their corresponding reference values. Soils were not contaminated with As, Cr, Mn, and Ni but were slightly contaminated with Co, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn. Their comprehensive pollution levels were moderate to serious. The ecological risk index of single heavy metal(loid) decreased in the sequence As > Pb > Co > Cu > Ni > V > Zn > Cr > Mn. The source analysis results indicated that Cu, Pb, Zn, and As were highly affected by anthropogenic inputs, e.g., metal smelting and agricultural activities, while Mn, Ni, Cr, and V were principally derived from a natural source. As for Co, it was affected by a mixture source of nature, fossil fuel combustion, and fertilizer.
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