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Fathy A, Gnambodoe-Capochichi M, Sabry YM, Anwar M, Ghoname AO, Saeed A, Leprince-Wang Y, Khalil D, Bourouina T. Potential of a Miniature Spectral Analyzer for District-Scale Monitoring of Multiple Gaseous Air Pollutants. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6343. [PMID: 37514637 PMCID: PMC10383062 DOI: 10.3390/s23146343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gas sensors that can measure multiple pollutants simultaneously are highly desirable for on-site air pollution monitoring at various scales, both indoor and outdoor. Herein, we introduce a low-cost multi-parameter gas analyzer capable of monitoring multiple gaseous pollutants simultaneously, thus allowing for true analytical measurement. It is a spectral sensor consisting of a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer based on a mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. The sensor is as small as 7 × 5 × 2.5 cm3. It was deployed in an open-path configuration within a district-scale climatic chamber (Sense City, Marne-la-Vallée, France) with a volume of 20 × 20 × 8 m3. The setup included a transmitter and a receiver separated by 38 m to enable representative measurements of the entire district domain. We used a car inside the climatic chamber, turning the engine on and off to create time sequences of a pollution source. The results showed that carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) were accurately monitored using the spectral sensor, with agreement with the reference analyzers used to record the pollution levels near the car exhaust. Furthermore, the lower detection limits of CO, NO2 and NO were assessed, demonstrating the capability of the sensor to detect these pollutants. Additionally, a preliminary evaluation of the potential of the spectral sensor to screen multiple volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted at the laboratory scale. Overall, the results demonstrated the potential of the proposed multi-parameter spectral gas sensor in on-site gaseous pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Fathy
- ESYCOM, UMR 9007 CNRS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- Si-Ware Systems, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | | | - Yasser M Sabry
- Si-Ware Systems, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | | | - Amr O Ghoname
- Si-Ware Systems, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | | | | | - Diaa Khalil
- Si-Ware Systems, Cairo 11361, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11535, Egypt
| | - Tarik Bourouina
- ESYCOM, UMR 9007 CNRS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
- CINTRA, IRL 3288 CNRS-NTU-THALES, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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Besis A, Georgiadou E, Samara C. Odor-active volatile organic compounds along the seafront of Thessaloniki, Greece. Implications for sources of nuisance odor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149388. [PMID: 34426346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have long been associated with odor nuisance at urban sites close to emission sources. Sulfur containing volatile organic compounds (VOSCs) in particular, constitute a major category of malodorous compounds since some of them are characterized by intense odor and low odor thresholds. VOSCs have both, anthropogenic and biogenic sources. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration levels of a variety of VOCs (mercaptans, sulfides, thiophenes, aromatics and aldehydes) along the seafront of the city of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, a city with frequent citizen complaints for nuisance odor. 1-Hour sampling on adsorption tubes was carried out concurrently at 3 sites along the seafront of the city (EAST, CENTER and WEST) three times during the day in winter and summer 2020. VOCs analysis, performed on a Thermal Desorption - Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (TD-GC/MS) system. Diurnal and seasonal variations, and correlations with prevailing meteorological conditions were investigated. Concentrations found along the seafront were compared to previous data from inner-city sites affected by urban and/or industrial activities. Most VOCs were found at lower concentrations at the seafront in comparison to inner-city sites demonstrating better air quality. Typical biogenically-deriving VOSCs such as carbonyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfide were found at the seafront either at higher or at similar levels with inner city thus suggesting negligible contribution from biogenic sources. Odor activity values were further calculated and assessed. Odor nuisance at all seafront sites was significantly higher in winter, being in both seasons maximum at the WEST seafront that is closer to port activities, polluted creek estuaries and industrial facilities. Mercaptans were identified as the major contributors to odor pollution followed by aldehydes. The new findings described in this study might contribute to the better understanding of the odor pollution from VOCs at coastal urban sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rovira J, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Environmental impact and human health risks of air pollutants near a large chemical/petrochemical complex: Case study in Tarragona, Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147550. [PMID: 33991912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical industries and oil refineries are known emission sources of environmental contaminants, such as metals/metalloids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), among others. Based on the toxicological potential of these pollutants, harmful health effects can be expected for the population living near these facilities. One of the largest chemical/petrochemical complexes in Europe is located in Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). In the last two decades, a number of investigations aimed at assessing the environmental impact of air pollutants potentially emitted by this industrial complex have been carried out. The present paper is a review of the available scientific information on the levels of air pollutants related with the activities of this chemical/petrochemical complex. Although there are currently some data on the environmental burdens of metals/metalloids, PAHs, VOCs and PCDD/Fs, there is an evident lack of specific biological monitoring studies on human health. Taking into account the amount of chemicals released to air and their toxicity, it is essential to perform an in-depth analysis of the current health status of the population living in Tarragona County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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Casado-Carmona FA, Lasarte-Aragonés G, Kabir A, Furton KG, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Fan-based device for integrated air sampling and microextraction. Talanta 2021; 230:122290. [PMID: 33934762 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a new air sampler based on a conventional computer fan is presented and evaluated. The fan has a double role as it acts as the air pumping system and supports the sorptive phases, which are located on its blades. The compact design and the reduced energy consumption (it can operate with a standard cell phone charger) confers high portability to the device. Also, a simple alternative integrated into the fan is proposed for using an internal standard during the sampling, thus increasing the precision of the measurements. In this first communication, sol-gel Carbowax 20 M coated fabric phases are used as sorptive membranes thanks to their planar geometry, mechanical and thermal stability, and their versatility covering different interaction chemistries. After sampling, the fabric phases are placed in a headspace vial, which is finally analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sampler has been characterized for the extraction of selected volatile organic compounds (chloroform, benzaldehyde, toluene, and cyclohexane) from air and its versatility has also been evaluated by the identification of semi-volatile compounds in working place (toluene and xylene in laboratory residue storage room) and biogenic volatile compounds in natural samples (terpenes in fresh pine needles and orange peel samples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Casado-Carmona
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lasarte-Aragonés
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kenneth G Furton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Wang S, Zhao F, Wu W, Wang P, Ye N. Comparison of Volatiles in Different Jasmine Tea Grade Samples Using Electronic Nose and Automatic Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Followed by Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020380. [PMID: 31963359 PMCID: PMC7024305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese jasmine tea is a type of flower-scented tea, which is produced by mixing green tea with the Jasminum sambac flower repeatedly. Both the total amount and composition of volatiles absorbed from the Jasminum sambac flower are mostly responsible for its sensory quality grade. This study aims to compare volatile organic compound (VOC) differences in authoritative jasmine tea grade samples. Automatic thermal desorption-gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD-GC-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose), followed by multivariate data analysis is conducted. Consequently, specific VOCs with a positive or negative correlation to the grades are screened out. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) show a satisfactory discriminant effect on rank. It is intriguing to find that the E-nose is good at distinguishing the grade difference caused by VOC concentrations but is deficient in identifying essential aromas that attribute to the unique characteristics of excellent grade jasmine tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Provincial University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (N.Y.)
| | - Wenxi Wu
- Hengzheng Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian 350100, China;
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Provincial University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Naixing Ye
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (S.W.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Fujian Provincial University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Correspondence: (F.Z.); (N.Y.)
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