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Song W, Ma R, Liang Z, Li J, Dong J, Du X, Wang Z, Li X. Biofilm growth characteristic and footprint identification in gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor with electro-coagulation under extreme conditions for roofing rainwater purification. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121944. [PMID: 39067337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification of biofilm growth footprints influencing on the biofilm detachment and breakup can advance research into how biofilms form. Thus, a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor (GDCMBR) was used to investigate the growth, detachment and breakup of biofilm using rainwater pretreated by electrocoagulation under 70-days continuous operation. The in-situ ultrasonic time-domain reflectometry (UTDR) technique was applied to non-invasively determine the biofilm thickness. Initially, the biofilm was slowly thickening, but it would collapse and became thinner after accumulating to a certain level, and then it thickened again in a later period, following a cyclic pattern of 'thickening - collapsing - thickening'. This is because the biofilm growth is related with the accumulation of flocs, however, excessive floc formation results in the biofilm being overweight till reaching the thickness limit and thus collapsing. Subsequently, the biofilm gradually thickens again due to the floc production and continuous deposition. Although the biofilm was dynamically changing, the water quality of treatment of the biofilm always remained stable. Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus have been almost completely removed, while CODMn removal efficiency was around 25%. And total bacteria amount in the membrane concentrate was obviously higher than that in the influent with the greater microbial activity, demonstrating the remarkable enrichment effect on bacteria. The understanding of biofilm growth characteristic and footprint identification enables us to develop rational approaches to control biofilm structure for efficient GDCMBR performance and operation lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Rong Ma
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenhao Liang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiawan Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiahao Dong
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Environment and Resources, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, PR China.
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Song W, Peng Z, Li J, Wang X, Fu C, Du X, Kuang K, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhao Z. Improved permeability in ceramsite@powdered activated carbon (PAC)-MnO x coupled gravity-driven ceramic membrane (GDCM) for manganese and ammonia nitrogen removal with intermittent short-term vertical aeration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134827. [PMID: 38850953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In our work, a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor (GDCMBR) was developed to remove Mn2+ and NH3-N simultaneously through the birnessite water purification layer in-situ construction on the ceramic membrane due to chemical pre-oxidation (powdered activated carbon (PAC)-MnOx). Considering the trade-off of biofouling and water production, the daily intermittent short-term vertical aeration mode was involving to balance this contradiction with the excellent water purification and improved membrane permeability. And the GDCMBR permeability of operation flux was improved for 5-7 LHM with intermittent short-term vertical aeration. Furthermore, only ∼7 % irreversible membrane resistance (Rir) also confirmed the improved membrane permeability with intermittent short-term vertical aeration. And some manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species at genus level were identified during long-term operation with the contact circulating flowing raw water, resulting in the better Mn2+ and NH3-N removal efficiency. Additionally, the nano-flower-like birnessite water purification layer was verified in ceramsite@PAC-MnOx coupled GDCMBR, which evolute into a porous flake-like structure with the increasing intermittent short-term aeration duration. Therefore, the sustainable and effective intermittent short-term aeration mode in ceramsite@PAC-MnOx coupled GDCMBR could improve the membrane permeability with the satisfactory groundwater purification efficiency, as well as providing an energy-efficient strategy for membrane technologies applications in water supply safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhitian Peng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawan Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaokai Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ke Kuang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Guangzhou Sewage Purification Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Cross Research Institute of Ocean Engineering Safety and Sustainable Development, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Du X, Liang Z, Li J, Qiu Y, Song W, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Zhang W. Electrocoagulation enhanced gravity driven membrane bioreactor for advanced treatment of rural sewage. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120191. [PMID: 38325286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The daily discharge of rural sewage in China occupies 30 % of the national wastewater discharge, and developing an energy-efficient, easy to operate, and decentralized rural sewage treatment technology becomes an important task. In this work, a novel rural sewage treatment technology, Electrocoagulation enhanced Gravity-Driven Membrane Bioreactor (EC-GDMBR) was exploited for the rural sewage treatment under long-term operation (160 days). Two EC-GDMBRs with various module structures of ceramic membrane (horizontal module and side module) not only displayed the desirable effluent quality, but also sustained the stable flux (8-13 LMH). The electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, biodegradation, and separation in EC-GDMBRs were able to synergistically remove the particle matter, organic (CODCr effluent <11.6 ± 1.2 mg/L) and nutrients (NH3-N effluent <0.1 mg/L, TN effluent <8.5 mg/L, TP effluent <0.05 mg/L). Besides, the high permeability of ceramic membrane and large porosity of biofilm on its surface improved the sustainability of stable flux during the long-term operation. Moreover, by analyzing bacterial abundance, Extracellular Polymeric Substances, Adenosine Tri-Phosphate and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, a large number of microorganisms grew and accumulated on the carrier, as well as formed the biofilm (23.46-659.9 μm), while Nitrobacteria (1.6-4.1 %) and Nitrate (0.01-0.06 %) exited in the carrier biofilms, promoting the nitrogen removal. Compared with EC-GDMBR with side module of ceramic membrane, EC-GDMBR with horizontal module of ceramic membrane has advantages in flux behavior, organic/nutrient removal, microbial abundance/activity, abundance of nitrogen removal functional bacteria and water permeability of biofilm, because the ceramic membrane of horizontal module can promote the uniform growth of biofilm and improve the uniformity of flow penetration distribution. In general, the findings of this work verify the reliability of EC-GDMBR for the sustainable operation of wastewater treatment and improve its application value of rural sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenhao Liang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiawan Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongkang Qiu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboraroty (Guangzhou), China.
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Du X, Ma R, Xiao M, Song W, Tan Y, Wang Z, Ng AHM, Zhang W. Integrated electro-coagulation and gravity driven ceramic membrane bioreactor for roofing rainwater purification: Flux improvement and extreme operating case. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158197. [PMID: 35995152 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The collected roofing rainwater with high water quality and large water volume, can alleviate the crisis of water resources and fit the Low-Impact Development (LID) concept. In this work, a novel water purification technology, Electro-Coagulation coupled with Gravity-Driven Ceramic Membrane Bio-Reactor (EC-GDCMBR) was developed for the roofing rainwater purification under long-term operation (136 days). EC-GDCMBR system not only exhibited the better effluent quality, but also obtained the greater flux (~32 LMH). The reason contributed to the high permeability of ceramic membrane and large porosity of biofilm formed by floc growth (~36 μm) during the EC process, which was also proved by SEM image. The coagulation, adsorption, biodegradation, and coprecipitation of EC-GDCMBR was able to synergistically remove the particulate matter, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Phosphorus (TP), organic substances, and heavy metal (i.e., Cr, Zn, and Cu). In particular, via the analysis of bacterial abundance, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS), Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC), Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), EC could sweep most free bacteria on the ceramic membrane surface, enhancing the biological purification efficiency. Furthermore, a large amount of Pseudomonas (12.4 %-66.7 %) and Nitrospira (1.46 %-3.16 %) in the aggregates formed the biofilms, improved the NH3-N removal. During the long-term operation, there are some unavoidable problems, such as the thick and ripened biofilm of EC-GDCMBR would crack and fall off. Based on this, the current work also studied the reliability of GDCMBR under "extreme operating case", and the results showed that neither the biofilm detachment nor the biofilm breakup had a significant impact on the effluent quality. Overall, the findings of this study suggest the reliability of EC-GDCMBR for the sustainable operation of roofing rainwater purification and improve the application value of decentralized rainwater harvest device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rong Ma
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mengyao Xiao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingshi Tan
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Alex Hay-Man Ng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Water Desalination and Reuse Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Lin L, Zhang Y, Yan W, Fan B, Fu Q, Li S. Performance of gravity-driven membrane systems for algal water treatment: Effects of temperature and membrane properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155963. [PMID: 35584755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems are promising for algal water treatment. However, the algae-bacteria interaction in the biofilm on the membrane, which is highly dependent on temperature and membrane properties, is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of temperature on the performance of GDM systems during the filtration of algae-rich water for 50 days using two types of membranes. The results suggested that the combined effect of the microbial growth (controlled by temperature) and organic rejection (related to membrane properties) determined the membrane biofilm structure and its hydraulic resistance. Increasing the temperature from 10 to 35 °C gradually improved the foulant removal by both polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF200) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC0.01) membranes, corresponding to different microbial activities. The lowest removal observed at 10 °C was attributed to the algal cell rupture and limited bacteria growth. At 25 °C, the stimulated algae population was mainly responsible for nutrient removal, meanwhile the oxygenic environment encouraged the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria for the organic removal. At a higher temperature of 35 °C, both the nutrient and organic removal were dominated by denitrification, accompanied by a strong increase in biological activity. Although PVDF200 membranes had 10 times higher initial fluxes than PVC0.01 membranes, they obtained comparable final fluxes. Unlike PVDF200 membranes exhibited the highest final flux at 10 °C (3.64 L/m2/h), the PVC0.01 membrane permeability increased in the order: 10 °C (1.58 L/m2/h) < 25 °C (2.20 L/m2/h) < 35 °C (4.00 L/m2/h). This is mainly because the PVDF200 membrane fouling was dominated by microbial biomass, while PVC0.01 membranes with smaller pores and higher hydrophilicity were more sensitive to changes in microbial metabolites. This study links temperature, membrane properties and biofilm physiology, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performance of GDM systems, hopefully leading to their wider application in algal water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, China
| | - Bangjun Fan
- Heilongjiang Airport Management Group Co. LTD, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
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Hung TS, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Suhaimi H, Ismail NM, Jaafar J, Ismail AF. Confounding Effect of Wetting, Compaction, and Fouling in an Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102073. [PMID: 35631955 PMCID: PMC9145490 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-pressure membrane (ULPM) filtration has emerged as a promising decentralized water and wastewater treatment method. It has been proven effective in long-term filtration under stable flux without requiring physical or chemical cleaning, despite operating at considerably lower flux. The use of ultra-low pressure, often simply by hydrostatic force (often called gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration), makes it fall into the uncharted territory of common pressure-driven membrane filtration. The applied polymeric membrane is sensitive to compaction, wetting, and fouling. This paper reviews recent studies on membrane compaction, wetting, and fouling. The scope of this review includes studies on those phenomena in the ULPM and how they affect the overall performance of the system. The performance of GDM systems for water and wastewater treatment is also evaluated. Finally, perspectives on the future research direction of ULPM filtration are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tok Sheng Hung
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaimi
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
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Cross flow frequency determines the physical structure and cohesion of membrane biofilms developed during gravity-driven membrane ultrafiltration of river water: Implication for hydraulic resistance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li K, Xu W, Han M, Cheng Y, Wen G, Huang T. Integration of iron-manganese co-oxide (FMO) with gravity-driven membrane (GDM) for efficient treatment of surface water containing manganese and ammonium. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Du P, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, Chang H, Liang H. Regulated-biofilms enhance the permeate flux and quality of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) by in situ coagulation combined with activated alumina filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117947. [PMID: 34910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is a critical challenge for drinking water production when treating algae-contaminated surface water. In this study, the impact of in situ coagulation (C), activated alumina filtration (AA) and their combination (CAA) on the performance of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) was systematically assessed during 105-day operation. The results indicated that pretreatments in particular CAA could effectively enhance GDM flux, and the stable fluxes were increased to 3.1, 4.9 and 8.3 L/(m2·h) (LMH) for CGDM, AA/GDM and CAA/GDM, respectively when compared to the control GDM (2.0 LMH). Coagulation was beneficial to formation of thick but loose biofouling layer, while AA filtration was effective to retain foulants including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), organics, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The CAA/GDM could mostly remove these foulants, and facilitate the proliferation of bacterial genera that could consume EPS, further alleviating membrane fouling. The difference in loosely bound EPS and tightly bound EPS of biofouling layer attributed to the difference of reversible fouling and irreversible fouling, respectively. Morphological observations, variation in functional groups or elements further confirmed the difference in biological layers in different GDM systems. The occurrence of specific bacterial genera involving the potential to degrade protein, chitin and other high molecular weight organics was responsible for contaminant removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; China Academy of Building Research, Institute of Building Fire Research, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Ding A, Song R, Cui H, Cao H, Ngo HH, Chang H, Nan J, Li G, Ma J. Presence of powdered activated carbon/zeolite layer on the performances of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) system for drinking water treatment: Ammonia removal and flux stabilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149415. [PMID: 34364273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is a promising alternative for decentralized water supply, while its widespread application was hindered by the poor removals of organics and ammonia during long-term operation. In this study, powered activated carbon (PAC) and granular zeolite were selected as typical adsorbents to investigate the impacts of pre-deposited adsorbent layers on contaminant removal and membrane fouling. Results showed that the pre-deposited PAC layers exhibited higher removal of organics than the control, while the zeolites deposited layers exhibited low removal of organics. The presence of PAC only enhanced the NH4+ removal at subsequent stable stage, while zeolites were effective in deal with sudden high NH4+ concentration due to ion exchange. The presence of mixed adsorbents layers had similar organic removal with PAC and NH4+ removal with zeolite. The pre-deposited PAC layers could effectively alleviate membrane fouling in short-term UF tests, while the stable fluxes (5.88-6.54 L/(m2·h)) in long-term GDM operation were slightly lower than the control (6.63 L/(m2·h)). The zeolites deposited layer aggravated membrane fouling in both short-term ultrafiltration and long-term GDM (5.03-3.84 L/(m2·h)), but a higher stable flux (6.10 L/(m2·h)) was observed for GDM using the mixed adsorbents. The pre-deposited adsorbent layers resulted in increased concentrations of biomass, tri-phosphate (ATP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), forming cake layers with a denser structure than the control. Finally, the fouling mechanism for GDM using different adsorbent layers was proposed based on fouling analysis and characteristics of biological fouling layer. The results and conclusion in this study could provide helpful information for the application of GDM with pre-deposited adsorbent layer in treating raw water with organics and/or sudden high ammonia concentration to produce potable water.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Ruilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Hao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Haiyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Haiqing Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, PR China.
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Du X, Zhao W, Wang Z, Ma R, Luo Y, Wang Z, Sun Q, Liang H. Rural drinking water treatment system combining solar-powered electrocoagulation and a gravity-driven ceramic membrane bioreactor. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Du X, Liu Y, Ma R, Xiao M, Yang W, Han X, Luo Y, Wang Z, Liang H. Gravity-driven ceramic membrane (GDCM) filtration treating manganese-contaminated surface water: Effects of ozone(O 3)-aided pre-coating and membrane pore size. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130603. [PMID: 34134412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving adequate manganese removal during water treatment is a challenging process. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of gravity driven ceramic membrane (GDCM) filtration in the elimination of manganese from surface water. The impact of membrane pre-modification with birnessite and molecular weight cut-off on long-term water treatment efficiency was investigated by assessing filtration units with 300 kDa virgin membrane (300 kDa-blank), 300 kDa membrane pre-coated with manganese oxides (300 kDa-MnOx), and 15 kDa virgin membrane (15 kDa-blank). The results of 300 kDa-blank and 300 kDa-MnOx indicated that depositing manganese oxides (produced via ozone (O3) oxidation) prior to water treatment was conducive to ripening of cake layer which played a major role in Mn removal. Reducing membrane molecular cut-off from 300 to 15 kDa also significantly reduced permeate Mn concentration, achieving a removal efficiency of 75% at the end of the trial (highest of all the units). Relative to 300 kDa-blank, the greater manganese removals in the other two systems can be attributed to 1) the long hydraulic retention times resulting from the higher membrane resistance, and 2) the higher abundance of biologically produced Birnessite materials in the cake layers for manganese oxidation. Raman analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that 15 kDa-blank achieved the highest level of Birnessite production and most cake materials featured a flower-like structure and relatively small size (as shown under a scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy element mapping analysis), suggesting a higher surface area for Mn oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Rong Ma
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Mengyao Xiao
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wupeng Yang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Han
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Zhihong Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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13
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Pre-depositing PAC-birnessite cake layer on gravity driven ceramic membrane (GDCM) reactor for manganese removal: The significance of stable flux and biofilm. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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García-Pacheco R, Li Q, Comas J, Taylor RA, Le-Clech P. Novel housing designs for nanofiltration and ultrafiltration gravity-driven recycled membrane-based systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144181. [PMID: 33450590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-low pressure gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems have the potential to be significantly less costly and complex than conventional membranes for water treatment applications. To build upon this inherent advantage, this study assesses the reuse of recycled membranes in GDM systems for producing drinking water. Two reverse osmosis spiral-wound modules were recycled into nanofiltration (NF)-like and ultrafiltration (UF)-like membranes via controlled exposure to free chlorine. To operate the recycled membranes, two housing devices, based on a simple fitting and an advanced end-caps design, were developed. The recycled membrane systems were tested under a range of conditions (submerged vs. external system configuration and continuous vs. intermittent filtration mode). Synthetic river water feed solutions were used in the tests where performance, fouling, and clogging were measured. NF-like recycled membranes resulted in poor salt rejection and low permeability (~1.7 L m-2 h-1 bar-1), but also in high rejection (>81%) of dissolved organic carbon. UF-like recycled membranes maintained their capacity to reject biopolymers (BP) (>74%) and featured up to 18-fold higher permeate rate than NF-like recycled membranes. The optimized operating conditions were found when the recycled membranes were housed in the end-caps device and operated intermittently (relaxation time plus forward flushing). Flushing reduced the fouling accumulation inside the membrane (only 12% and 40% of BP accumulation was observed in the NF-like and UF-like, respectively). However, the end-caps-based device was estimated to be more expensive during the economic analysis. To address this techno-economic trade-off, a decision-making tree was developed to select the appropriate configuration based upon the implementation context. Overall, this study concludes that these designs can serve as robust, low-cost (water production cost <1 USD ct. yr. L-1), and light-weight GDM alternatives. This study is beneficial for developing compact GDM systems based on recycled spiral-wound membranes for both rural areas and emergency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García-Pacheco
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona Campus Montilivi, carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; IMDEA Water Institute, Avenida Punto Com. n°2. 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Qiyuan Li
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia; School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joaquim Comas
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona Campus Montilivi, carrer Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Robert A Taylor
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Tang X, Qiao J, Wang J, Huang K, Guo Y, Xu D, Li G, Liang H. Bio-cake layer based ultrafiltration in treating iron-and manganese-containing groundwater: Fast ripening and shock loading. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128842. [PMID: 33213882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater was a desired alternative for decentralized water supply. However, the presence of iron, manganese and ammonia significantly limited its extensive adoptions. In this study, an innovative gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process has been developed to address such problems. The results indicated that GDM process can efficiently diminish the concentrations of iron, manganese and ammonia, with average removal efficiencies of 97%, 95% and 70%, respectively, since the bio-cake layer on the membrane surface can serve as a dynamic barrier for the foulants rejection. In GDM filtration, the manganese removal was mainly attributed to the synergistic effects between the chemically auto-catalytic oxidation by manganese oxides (MnOx) and biological activity by manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB). Pre-addition of MnOx particles into GDM system could significantly enhance the manganese removal and shorten its ripening time by approximately 50%. During long-term filtration, the fluxes of GDM remained stabilized (4-5 L m-2 h-1), and MnOx particles pre-additions could improve the stable fluxes by 23%-37%. The flux stabilization of GDM process was mainly determined by the heterogeneous structures of bio-cake layer, and the generated iron and manganese oxides would improve its heterogeneities. Furthermore, MnOx assisted GDM process conferred robust capacities in resisting the shock loading of manganese and ammonia in the feed water, and the highest concentrations of manganese and ammonia were suggested to be less than 2.96 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, these findings are full of relevance to develop new strategies to treat the iron- and manganese-containing groundwater and promote the extensive application of UF technology for decentralized water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Jialiang Qiao
- Foshan Environment Protection Investment CO.,LTD, No.92 Xingye 2nd Road, Chancheng District, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Kaijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Yuanqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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