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Li Z, Jiao W, Li R, Yu Z, Song N, Liu J, Zong H, Wang F. Source apportionment and source-specific risk assessment of bioavailable metals in river sediments of an anthropogenically influenced watershed in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169367. [PMID: 38104824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Integrated source analysis and risk assessment of metals facilitate the development of targeted risk management strategies. However, previous studies usually addressed total concentration rather than bioavailability, and consequently overestimated metal risk, especially natural source-related risk. In this study, a source-specific risk assessment was conducted by integrating the source analysis of bioavailable metals in surface sediments. Moreover, risk assessment was performed using two bioavailability-based indices: the total availability risk index (TARI) and a modified index of mean probable effect concentration quotients (mPEC-Q). A representative river watershed in eastern China was selected as the study area. Findings revealed that the total concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni in the sediments were 1.4-2.2 times higher than the local soil background values. Using a modified community bureau of reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, the dominant fraction for Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr in the studied area was found to be the residual fraction, constituting 53.63-62.44% of the total concentrations. This suggested that a significant portion of the metals potentially originated from natural sources. Nevertheless, the concentration enrichment ratio (CER) indicated that anthropogenic sources contributed significantly, accounting for 67.84-87.68% of bioavailable metals. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model further identified three different sources of bioavailable metals, with a descending concentration contribution sequence of industrial sources (37.61%), mixed traffic and natural sources (33.17%), and agricultural sources (29.22%). Both the TARI and mPEC-Q index values indicated that the bioavailable metals generally posed a moderate risk, and Ni was the priority pollutant. Industrial sources contributed the most to the total risk, although the contribution from TARI-based assessment (37.27%) was lower than that from the mPEC-Q assessment (46.43%). This study provides an example of the consideration of metal bioavailability in the context of source-specific risk assessments to develop more reasonable management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Ruiping Li
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Zihan Yu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ningning Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiying Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fangli Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Gu YG, Jiang SJ, Jordan RW, Huang HH, Wu FX. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and probabilistic ecological risk assessment of trace metals in surface sediments of Daya Bay (China) using diffusive gradients in thin films. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161433. [PMID: 36623668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research is one main objective to assess combined toxicity of trace metal mixtures in aquatic biota in coastal sediments. Coastal sediments around the world are a major reservoir of trace metals from industrial wastewater discharge. Our case study site, Daya Bay in southern China, was selected because it has been under severe man-made impacts. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique has proven to be a good method for measuring the bioavailability of trace metals. The bioavailability and distribution of trace metals in surface sediments were investigated along with their possible biological risks. The average bioavailable (DGT-labile) concentrations (μg/L) were 0.44 (V), 0.51 (Cr), 52.49 (Mn), 0.10 (Co), 1.36 (Ni), 0.74 (Cu), 14.53 (Zn), 0.97 (As), 0.14 (Se), 6.73 (Mo), 0.17 (Cd), 0.27 (Sb), 0.10 (W), and 1.32 (Pb). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) is a robust multivariate ordination method that makes no assumptions about the distribution of the underlying data. NMS was used to explore that DGT-labile concentrations of trace metals were influenced by sediment properties. NMS results indicated that most DGT- labile trace metals influenced by sediment properties. Risk assessment of single trace metal toxicity revealed that risk quotient (RQ) values for Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb significantly exceeded 1, demonstrating that the toxic effects of these trace metals should be not ignored. The probabilistic ecological risk assessment for integral toxicity of one mixture of 14 trace metals revealed that Daya Bay surface sediments had a low probability (9.04 %) of adverse effects on aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Big Data for South China Sea Fishery Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Jiang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 245700, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Richard W Jordan
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Hong-Hui Huang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Feng-Xia Wu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Fang T, Yang K, Wang H, Fang H, Liang Y, Zhao X, Gao N, Li J, Lu W, Cui K. Trace metals in sediment from Chaohu Lake in China: Bioavailability and probabilistic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157862. [PMID: 35934044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability-based probabilistic risk assessment is an effective approach for risk characterization of trace metals towards aquatic species. However, it has not been routinely applied in lake management due to limited research. In this study, Chaohu Lake (Anhui Province, China) was selected as a case study, and total and bioavailable concentrations of trace metals in surface sediment were investigated using chemical extraction and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) was performed using Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) was constructed using acute toxicity data to model the sensitivity of aquatic species towards metals. Three evaluation methods, namely, toxic units based on total content, modified potential ecological risk index (RI) based on chemical fractionation and DGT-SSD coupled PRA, were implemented and compared. Results showed that trace metals, especially Cd, were significantly affected by anthropogenic activities. Chemical fractionation analysis revealed that the majority of Cd was readily available to aquatic organisms, while Cr was stable under normal conditions. Toxic units based on the total content demonstrated that metals in sediment were at 91.6 % low and 8.4 % medium toxicity levels, while the modified RI based on chemical fractionation found toxicity levels of 84.1 % low and 15.9 % medium. Furthermore, the combined toxicity calculated from DGT-SSD coupled PRA showed that trace metals in sediment had a 24.8 % probability of toxic effects towards aquatic organisms, with Cu, Zn, Cd, and Ni being the main contributors. Comparative analysis suggested that the DGT-SSD coupled PRA could provide a more objective and scientific evidence for lake management with regard to metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001,China
| | - Hongyan Fang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yangyang Liang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiuxia Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Na Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenxuan Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement, Institute of Fisheries Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China.
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Gao L, Sun K, Xu D, Zhang K, Gao B. Equilibrium partitioning behaviors and remobilization of trace metals in the sediment profiles in the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157882. [PMID: 35944632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Geochemical behaviors of trace metals in the sediment profiles are crucial for predicting the associated environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. However, the comprehensive transport of trace metals under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions is still unclear under the changing hydrological regime. Here, the equilibrium partitioning behaviors and remobilization of five trace metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) in sedimentary profiles within the tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir were explored by the partitioning coefficient (Kd), diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), and DGT induced flux in sediments (DIFS) model. According to the Kd values, As posed the highest migration ability among the trace metals in the sediment profiles under equilibrium circumstances. Similarly, the dynamic processes of trace metals simulated by the DIFS model also suggested that As displayed the highest desorption rate despite having the lowest labile pool size. Moreover, all trace metals were classified as the "partially sustained" case, while the supply abilities of As and other trace metals were limited by the diffusion and the desorption kinetics, respectively. In addition, DGT-labile trace metals showed a diffusion trend from the sediment to the water column (except for Zn) at the sediment-water interface, indicating potential risks to water quality. Specifically, the equilibrium partitioning behaviors revealed the potential labile pool of trace metals in the solid phase, and the dynamic resupply process between the solid phase and porewater remained undetermined. In comparison, although DGT simulated the kinetic process of trace metals in the sediments, the labile pool of the trace metals could not be obtained. This study provided a holistic insight into the complementary trace metal behaviors under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the sediment and was beneficial to the water quality protection and internal pollution remediation in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Keli Zhang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
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Guimarães RHE, Wallner-Kersanach M, Correa JAM. Assessment of anthropogenic metals in shipyard sediment in the Amazon delta estuary in northern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:77007-77025. [PMID: 35675010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Shipyard activities have contributed to the release of anthropogenic metals in sediment in the Amazon delta estuary, but no studies of the issue have been carried out in northern Brazil. This study evaluated the sediment that is under the influence of shipyard activities in the Guajará Bay and in the channel of the Maguari River, in Belém, Pará (PA) state, northern Brazil. Sediment samples were collected in the vicinity of the shipyards, while samples of paint and metal fragments were collected from hulls of abandoned vessels. Metals under analysis were Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Ba, V, Li, Fe and Al. Mean Cu concentrations found in the sediment in two shipyards - 28.3 mg kg-1 and 41.0 mg kg-1 - were above the threshold effect level (TEL) for the amphipod Hyalella azteca. The highest concentrations of metals found in paint fragments from abandoned vessels were 29,588 mg kg-1 Ba, 9,350 mg kg-1 Zn, 1,097 mg kg-1 Pb and 548 mg kg-1 Cr. This fact suggests that vessel abandonment is a major source of contamination in shipyard areas. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most metals under study are closely related to sediment contamination in the shipyards. Geoaccumulation index and screening concentrations of inorganic contaminants for metals in freshwater ecosystems confirmed that a shipyard was contaminated by copper. Results may support further studies of contamination and application of waste management to shipyards and vessel graveyards around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mônica Wallner-Kersanach
- Laboratório de Hidroquímica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-000, Brazil.
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Marrugo-Madrid S, Salas-Moreno M, Gutiérrez-Mosquera H, Salazar-Camacho C, Marrugo-Negrete J, Díez S. Assessment of dissolved mercury by diffusive gradients in thin films devices in abandoned ponds impacted by small scale gold mining. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112633. [PMID: 34973194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to fulfil the Minamata Convention on Mercury, it is necessary to monitor the Hg contamination in freshwater ecosystems nearby artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) areas. Since most of these ASGM communities are located in remote areas, a convenient method for sampling, preserving and transporting samples is needed. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of the diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) technique to detect and quantify the labile fraction of Hg and other metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Mn and Cr) in a hard-to-reach gold mining district in the state of Chocó, Colombia. We deployed DGT at sampling sites along the Atrato river and abandoned mining ponds (AMPs) which were deserted in different periods since 1997 to 2019 (6-15 years). In average, the labile THg concentrations in AMPs (148.9 ± 43.2 ng L-1) were a 50% higher than in the river water (99.9 ± 37.4 ng L-1). In the ponds, no significant differences were found in labile Hg with respect abandonment period. Labile Ni (0.9-493.1), Mn (1.33-11.48), Cu (0.030-2.233), and Zn (0.67-10.29) (in μg L-1) were found in higher amounts than for the rest of metals. Labile concentrations of metals are related with their downstream proximity to gold mining activities, being higher in devices deployed close to ASGM sites. Moreover, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the DGT technique to sample, transport, storage, and preserve labile Hg from hard-to-reach ASGM areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siday Marrugo-Madrid
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Salas-Moreno
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia
| | - Harry Gutiérrez-Mosquera
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia
| | - Carlos Salazar-Camacho
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó, Quibdó, Colombia
| | | | - Sergi Díez
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Sulato ET, Luko-Sulato K, Pedrobom JH, de Oliveira LMDS, Lima GDS, Govone JS, Barreto AS, de Araújo Júnior MAG, Menegário AA. Metals and metalloids in green turtle hepatic tissue (Chelonia mydas) from Santos Basin, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111835. [PMID: 34389350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal and metalloid concentrations in the liver tissue of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded on the Brazilian coast (n = 506) were studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The influences of occurrence registers (date and location) and biological characteristics (sex, age, and developmental stage) were assessed, as well as the temporal influences of oil exploration and production activities. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Hg were the highest reported for the liver of C. mydas on the Brazilian coast. The mean element concentrations followed the order: Cu > Zn > Cd > Mn > As > Hg > Mo > Pb > V > Ni > Ba > Cr. Further, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for Hg between the sexes (males > females) and for As, Cu, Pb, Mo, and V between young individuals and older individuals (≥11 years), suggesting a relationship between the dietary shift inherent to green turtle development. These results were corroborated by the curved carapace length (CCL) data, wherein individuals residing in coastal areas (CCL > 50 cm) presented higher concentrations of Cu, Pb, Mo, Zn, Ba, and V than those in the oceanic stage (CCL < 30 cm). The opposite pattern was observed for As and Hg. The influences of spatial autocorrelation (Moran Index) at a global scale and oil production activities on the element concentrations were not observed. However, five hotspots of high metal concentrations were identified via a local spatial autocorrelation (local indicator of spatial association), existing predominantly in a region of heavy anthropic activity within the sampling area. Further, baseline element concentrations were established at the 95% confidence level. Overall, the developmental stage, which is related to feeding habits, had an expressive influence on element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everton Tiago Sulato
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Luko-Sulato
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Henrique Pedrobom
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Dos Santos Lima
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - José Silvio Govone
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Laboratório de Informática da Biodiversidade e Geoprocessamento, UNIVALI - Univ. do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, CEP 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcus Antônio Gonçalves de Araújo Júnior
- Centro de Pesquisas Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES, PETROBRAS - Petróleo Brasileiro S.A, Avenida Horácio Macedo, 950, CEP 21941-915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antonio Menegário
- Centro de Estudos Ambientais - CEA, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Pouran H, Alkasbi M, Lahive E, Lofts S, Zhang H. Measuring ZnO nanoparticles available concentrations in contaminated soils using the diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148654. [PMID: 34182444 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A major gap in understanding nanomaterials behaviour in the environment is a lack of reliable tools to measure their available concentrations. In this research we use diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) for measuring concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNO NPs) in soils. Available nanoparticle concentrations were assessed by difference, using paired DGT devices with and without 1000 MWCO dialysis membranes to exclude NPs. We used ZnO because its toxic effects are accelerated through dissolution to Zn2+. Our test soils had different pH and organic matter (OM) contents, which both affect the dissolution rate of ZnO NPs. Woburn (pH ≈ 6.9, OM ≈ 1.8%) and Lufa (pH ≈ 5.9, OM ≈ 4.2%) soils were spiked to a single concentration of 500 mg of ZnO NPs per 1 kg of soil and the available concentrations of ZnO NPs and dissolved zinc were evaluated in 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 day intervals using DGT. The results showed that the dissolution of ZnO NPs, as well as the available concentrations of both dissolved and nanoparticulate Zn, was much higher in Lufa soil than in Woburn. This work demonstrates that DGT can be used as a simple yet reliable technique for determining concentrations of ZnO NPs in soils and probing its dissolution kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Pouran
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK.
| | | | - Elma Lahive
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Stephen Lofts
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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Xu F, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Li L, Li Y, Ren L, Wang D, Zhang T. Does sand mining affect the remobilization of copper and zinc in sediments? - A case study of the Jialing River (China). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111416. [PMID: 34090892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the sand mining industry causes severe destruction in river basin environments. In this study, six sediment cores were collected, and sequential extraction was applied in conjunction with the diffusive gradients in the thin films (DGT) technique to explore the effect of sand mining on the remobilization of Cu and Zn in the sediments. The results showed that Cu and Zn were mainly bound in the residual fraction in the sediments. CDGT-Cu/Zn in the sediments presented obvious increasing trends at the bottom (-9 to -12 cm) at the four sites that experienced sand mining and a decreasing trend at the sites with no sand mining disturbance. Cu and Zn also tended to be transported from the sediments to the overlying water at the four sand mining sites. A correlation analysis found that F1 and F3 correlated well with CDGT-Cu/Zn, indicating that the water/exchangeable fraction and oxidized fraction were the main fractions that led to increases in DGT-labile Cu and Zn in the sediments. Further analysis found that the introduction of oxygen (O2) was the main reason for the simultaneous release of sulfur (S), Cu and Zn in the sediments, as indicated by the "dark area" of AgI gel appearing at the same position as the "hot spot area" of Chelex gel. Two main sand mining effects on the release of Cu and Zn were hypothesized: (1) intense sand disturbance leads to the transfer of the water/exchangeable fraction (F1) to the DGT-labile fraction and (2) O2 introduction promotes the reaction of stable sulfide (F3), thus transferring it to the DGT-labile fraction. The above results indicated that the sand mining industry should be paid much attention in the Jialing River, as it can obviously cause labile Cu and Zn release into the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Yuting Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Fubin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Liping Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China; Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Gao L, Li R, Liang Z, Wu Q, Yang Z, Li M, Chen J, Hou L. Mobilization mechanisms and toxicity risk of sediment trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) based on diffusive gradients in thin films: A case study in the Xizhi River basin, South China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124590. [PMID: 33234397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the mobilization mechanisms and predicting the potential toxicity risk of metals in sediment are essential to contamination remediation in river basins. In this study, a sequential extraction procedure and diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) were employed to investigate the mobilization mechanisms, release characteristics, and potential toxicity of sediment metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb). Acid-soluble and reducible fractions were the dominant geochemical species of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in sediments, indicating high mobility potentials for these metals under reducing conditions. In summer, the sediment acted as a source of water-column metals due to mineralization of organic matter and reductive dissolution of iron/manganese oxides in surface sediments, and the formation of metal sulfide precipitates markedly lowered DGT-labile metal concentrations with depth, while localized sulfide oxidation was responsible for fluctuating labile metal concentrations. Stable distribution patterns of labile metals resulted from the weak reducing conditions of sediment in winter, when the sediment shifted to a metal sink. The interstitial water criteria toxicity unit (IWCTU), calculated from DGT measurements, indicated no and low-to-moderate toxic risk of sediments in summer and winter seasons, respectively, and Pb was the major contributor to the predicted toxic effects in the soft interstitial water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zuobing Liang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qirui Wu
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Manzi Li
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianyao Chen
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Negrin VL, Idaszkin YL, Domini C, Simonetti P, Botté SE. Soil metal pollution assessment in Sarcocornia salt marshes in a South American estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112224. [PMID: 33714037 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil metal pollution in two Sarcocornia salt marshes within the Bahía Blanca estuary (Argentina, South America) was evaluated through pseudo-total and bioavailable metal levels and pollution indexes. Soil conditions were also studied. The pseudo-total metal concentrations were similar in both salt marshes and followed the same decreasing order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd. Bioavailable metals presented different patterns between salt marshes. The percentages of the bioavailable fraction varied between 28 and 80%, being higher than 60% for Cu, Zn and Pb. Organic matter ruled the distribution of all metals, except Pb. Using shale average concentration as background level, indexes did not show pollution nor enrichment, whereas using as background levels local values, anthropogenic enrichment was found for all metals and most metals showed moderate metal pollution. Our results showed that bioavailable metals levels and indexes using local background values provide an adequate assessment of metal pollution in salt marsh soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa L Negrin
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO/CONICET-UNS), CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5, Edificio E-1, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yanina L Idaszkin
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Boulevard Brown 3051, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Claudia Domini
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Av. Alem 1253, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Pía Simonetti
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO/CONICET-UNS), CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5, Edificio E-1, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra E Botté
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO/CONICET-UNS), CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga km 7,5, Edificio E-1, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Qu Z, Su T, Zhu S, Sun T, Liang D, Yu H, Khan A. In situ conversion of goethite to erdite nanorods to improve the performance of doxycycline hydrochloride adsorption. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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