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Brentjens ET, Beall EAK, Zucker RM. Analysis of Microcystis aeruginosa physiology by spectral flow cytometry: Impact of chemical and light exposure. PLOS WATER 2023; 2:1-30. [PMID: 38516272 PMCID: PMC10953801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
M. aeruginosa fluorescent changes were observed using a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer that contains 5 lasers and 64 narrow band detectors located between 365 and 829 nm. Cyanobacteria were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 and then monitored after exposure between 1 and 8 days. The red fluorescence emission derived from the excitation of cyanobacteria with a yellow green laser (550 nm) was measured in the 652-669 nm detector while green fluorescence from excitation with a violet laser (405 nm) was measured in the 532-550 nm detector. The changes in these parameters were measured after the addition of H2O2. There was an initial increase in red fluorescence intensity at 24 hours. This was followed by a daily decrease in red fluorescence intensity. In contrast, green fluorescence increased at 24 hours and remained higher than the control for the duration of the 8-day study. A similar fluorescence intensity effect as H2O2 on M. aeruginosa fluorescence emissions was observed after exposure to acetylacetone, diuron (DCMU), peracetic acid, and tryptoline. Minimal growth was also observed in H2O2 treated cyanobacteria during exposure of H2O2 for 24 days. In another experiment, H2O2-treated cyanobacteria were exposed to high-intensity blue (14 mW) and UV (1 mW) lights to assess the effects of light stress on fluorescence emissions. The combination of blue and UV light with H2O2 had a synergistic effect on M. aeruginosa that induced greater fluorescent differences between control and treated samples than exposure to either stimulus individually. These experiments suggest that the early increase in red and green fluorescence may be due to an inhibition in the ability of photosynthesis to process photons. Further research into the mechanisms driving these increases in fluorescence is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T. Brentjens
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program hosted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. K. Beall
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program hosted by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Zucker
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, RTP, NC, United States of America
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Das S, Lizon F, Gevaert F, Bialais C, Duong G, Ouddane B, Souissi S. Assessing indicators of arsenic toxicity using variable fluorescence in a commercially valuable microalgae: Physiological and toxicological aspects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131215. [PMID: 37001210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Indicators signaling Arsenic (As) stress through physiology of microalgae using non-destructive methods like variable fluorescence are rare but requisite. This study reports stress markers indicating arsenic (As) toxicity (in two concentrations 11.25 µg/L and 22.5 µg/L compared to a control) exposed to a microalga (Diacronema lutheri), using fast repetition rate fluorometry (FRRf). Growth and physiological parameters such as cell density, chl a and the maximum quantum yield Fv/Fm showed coherence and impeded after the exponential phase (day 9 - day 12) in As treatments compared to the control (p < 0.05). On contrary photo-physiological constants were elevated showing higher optical (aLHII) and functional [Sigma (σPSII)] absorption cross-section for the As treatments (p < 0.05) further implying the lack of biomass production yet an increase in light absorption. In addition, As exposure increased the energy dissipation by heat (NPQ-NSV) showing a strong relationship with the de-epoxidation ratio (DR) involving photoprotective pigments. Total As bioaccumulation by D. lutheri showed a strong affinity with Fe adsorption throughout the algal growth curve. This study suggests some prompt photo-physiological proxies signaling As contamination and endorsing its usefulness in risk assessments, given the high toxicity and ubiquitous presence of As in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagnika Das
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France; Amity Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Fabrice Lizon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - François Gevaert
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Capucine Bialais
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gwendoline Duong
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE - Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Bâtiment C8, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
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Hu L, Liang T, Yin G, Zhao N. Quantitative Representation of Water Quality Biotoxicity by Algal Photosynthetic Inhibition. TOXICS 2023; 11:493. [PMID: 37368593 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The method based on the photosynthetic inhibition effect of algae offers the advantages of swift response and straightforward measurement. Nonetheless, this effect is influenced by both the environment and the state of the algae themselves. Additionally, a single parameter is vulnerable to uncertainties, rendering the measurement accuracy and stability inadequate. This paper employed currently utilized photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm(maximum photochemical quantum yield), Performance Indicator (PIabs), Comprehensive Parameter Index (CPI) and Performance Index of Comprehensive Toxicity Effect (PIcte), as quantitative toxicity characteristic parameters. The paper compared the univariate curve fitting results with the multivariate data-driven model results and investigated the effectiveness of Back Propagation(BP) Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Regression (SVR) models to enhance the accuracy and stability of toxicity detection. Using Dichlorophenyl Dimethylurea (DCMU) samples as an example, the mean Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE) corresponding to the optimal parameter PIcte for the dose-effect curve fitting was 1.246 in the concentration range of 1.25-200 µg/L. On the other hand, the mean RRMSEs corresponding to the results of the BP neural network and SVR models were 0.506 and 0.474, respectively. Notably, BP neural network exhibited excellent prediction accuracy in the medium-high concentration range of 7.5-200 µg/L, with a mean RRSME of only 0.056. Regarding the stability of the results, the mean Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of the univariate dose-effect curve results was 15.1% within the concentration range of 50-200 µg/L. In contrast, the mean RSDs for both BP neural network and SVR results were less than 5%. In the concentration range of 1.25-200 µg/L, the mean RSDs were 6.1% and 16.5%, with the BP neural network performing well. The experimental results of Atrazine were analyzed to further validate the effectiveness of the BP neural network in improving the accuracy and stability of results. These findings provided valuable insights for the development of biotoxicity detection by using the algae photosynthetic inhibition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- School of Physics and Material Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tianhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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van der Zalm J, Zeng L, Chen A. Experimental and computational studies of photoelectrochemical degradation of atrazine by modified nanoporous titanium dioxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137985. [PMID: 36716933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of herbicides like Atrazine (ATZ) in groundwater from non-target runoff of the agriculture industry becomes a big concern due to its potential negative impacts on the environment and human health. The use of advanced oxidative processes (AOP) to remove harmful contaminants has been shown to be effective for wastewater treatment. Herein, we report on an advanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach based on electrochemically modified nanoporous TiO2 electrode for efficient degradation of ATZ. The electrochemical treated TiO2 electrodes were shown to have a six-fold increase in the photo-current density over the untreated ones. This increase in PEC activity was attributed to the increase in Ti3+ sites after the electrochemical modification, which was corroborated by low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The removal of ATZ by the PEC process resulted in a rate constant of 1.91 × 10-3 s-1, compared to 3.12 × 10-4 s-1 obtained by a strictly photocatalytic process. Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometric measurements showed the modified TiO2 electrodes highly effective at removing ATZ, with 96.1% removed after 10 h. Monitoring of the common degradation products desethyl atrazine (DEA), desisopropyl atrazine (DIA) and desethyl desisopropyl atrazine (DDA) revealed very low concentrations throughout the degradation process, indicating that further degradation was achieved. Quantum mechanical-based test for overall free radical scavenging activity (QM-ORSA) computational studies were performed and a mechanism for the N-dealkylation processes of ATZ has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua van der Zalm
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Libin Zeng
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Aicheng Chen
- Electrochemical Technology Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Laicher D, Benkendorff K, White S, Conrad S, Woodrow RL, Butcherine P, Sanders CJ. Pesticide occurrence in an agriculturally intensive and ecologically important coastal aquatic system in Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113675. [PMID: 35642798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal agricultural practices are often located in catchments upstream of ecologically important aquatic systems. Here, we investigate the occurrence of pesticides in a coastal creek flowing into a habitat-protected area within the Solitary Islands Marine Park, Australia. Water samples were collected from six sites along a creek transect during three sampling periods. Samples were analysed for 171 pesticide analytes, including organochlorines, organophosphates, herbicides, and fungicides. Five insecticides, two herbicides, and two fungicides were detected. The neonicotinoid imidacloprid was detected at 5 out of 6 sites, with concentrations reaching 294 μg L-1, the highest yet detected in Australian waterways. The organophosphate insecticide dimethoate was detected at 4 sites, which occurred at the 2nd highest detected concentration in the study (12.8 μg L-1). The presence of these pesticides in the aquatic environment downstream of horticulture in this and other regions may have serious implications for stream biota and ecologically important marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Laicher
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane White
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Conrad
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Woodrow
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Butcherine
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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6
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Sarrazin B, Wezel A, Guerin M, Robin J. Pesticide contamination of fish ponds in relation to crop area in a mixed farmland-pond landscape (Dombes area, France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:66858-66873. [PMID: 35513618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are still widely used by agriculture, leading to the exposure of surface water. This may be the case for fish ponds located in farmland landscapes. To address this issue, the present study investigated the contamination by pesticides of fish ponds located in the mixed agriculture-pond landscape of the Dombes area, France. Ten ponds were selected in water catchments with a gradient of 3-57 ha of cropland with maize and winter cereals as the dominant crops. A total of 197 water samples were collected in the ponds during the fish production season over 3 years. Recently used pesticides were the most frequent residues occurring. Occurrences greater than 0.1 µgL-1 particularly concerned chlorotoluron and S-metolachlor. Maximum observed concentrations were slightly above 3 µgL-1 for S-metolachlor, acetochlor, and dimethenamide, all herbicides allowed for maize cultivation. Isoproturon and chlorotoluron, herbicides allowed in cereal crops, reached up to 1.2 and 1.0 µgL-1, respectively. We found a significant positive effect of crop area in catchments on the pond contamination frequency by pesticides and more significantly on the contamination frequency by broad-spectrum herbicides (glyphosate and AMPA residues). The cumulative antecedent rainfall was best correlated to the frequency of highest contaminations (> 0.5 µgL-1). In such a hydrological context, the crop area within catchment was identified as a good indicator of fish pond exposure to pesticide residues. Finally, we proposed to adapt some mitigation measures to reduce fish pond contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Sarrazin
- Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, ISARA, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Alexander Wezel
- Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, ISARA, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Mathieu Guerin
- Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, ISARA, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Joel Robin
- Agroecology and Environment Research Unit, ISARA, 23 rue Jean Baldassini, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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7
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Chen M, Yin G, Zhao N, Gan T, Feng C, Gu M, Qi P, Ding Z. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Water Toxicity Based on Photosynthetic Inhibition Effect. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120321. [PMID: 34941755 PMCID: PMC8707688 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To achieve rapid and sensitive detection of the toxicity of pollutants in the aquatic environment, a photosynthetic inhibition method with microalgae as the test organism and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters as the test endpoint was proposed. In this study, eight environmental pollutants were selected to act on the tested organism, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, including herbicides (diuron, atrazine), fungicides (fuberidazole), organic chemical raw materials (phenanthrene, phenol, p-benzoquinone), disinfectants (trichloroacetonitrile uric acid), and disinfection by-products (trichloroacetonitrile). The results showed that, in addition to specific PSII inhibitors (diuretic and atrazine), other types of pollutants could also quickly affect the photosynthetic system. The photosynthetic fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Yield, α, and rP) could be used to detect the effects of pollutants on the photosynthetic system. Although the decay rate of the photosynthetic fluorescence parameters corresponding to the different pollutants was different, 1 h could be used as an appropriate toxicity exposure time. Moreover, the lowest respondent concentrations of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters to diuron, atrazine, fuberidazole, phenanthrene, P-benzoquinone, phenol, trichloroacetonitrile uric acid, and trichloroacetonitrile were 2 μg·L−1, 5 μg·L−1, 0.05 mg·L−1, 2 μg·L−1, 1.0 mg·L−1, 0.4 g·L−1, 0.1 mg·L−1, and 2.0 mg·L−1, respectively. Finally, diuron, atrazine, fuberidazole, and phenanthrene were selected for a comparison of their photosynthetic inhibition and growth inhibition. The results suggested that photosynthetic inhibition could overcome the time dependence of growth inhibition and shorten the toxic exposure time from more than 24 h to less than 1 h, or even a few minutes, while, the sensitivity of the toxicity test was not weakened. This study indicates that the photosynthetic inhibition method could be used for rapid detection of the toxicity of water pollutants and that algae fluorescence provides convenient access to toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gaofang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Nanjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tingting Gan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mengyuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Peilong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhichao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (M.C.); (N.Z.); (T.G.); (C.F.); (M.G.); (P.Q.); (Z.D.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
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Melero-Jiménez IJ, Bañares-España E, Reul A, Flores-Moya A, García-Sánchez MJ. Detection of the maximum resistance to the herbicides diuron and glyphosate, and evaluation of its phenotypic cost, in freshwater phytoplankton. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 240:105973. [PMID: 34600397 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important anthropogenic impacts on freshwater aquatic ecosystems close to intensive agriculture areas is the cumulative increase in herbicide concentrations. The threat is especially relevant for phytoplankton organisms because they have the same physiological targets as the plants for which herbicides have been designed. This led us to explore the evolutionary response of three phytoplanktonic species to increasing concentrations of two herbicides and its consequences in terms of growth and photosynthesis performance. Specifically, we used an experimental ratchet protocol to investigate the differential evolution and the limit of resistance of a cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) and two chlorophyceans (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides) to two herbicides in worldwide use: glyphosate and diuron. Initially, the growth rate of M. aeruginosa and D. chlorelloides was completely inhibited when they were exposed to a dose of 0.23 ppm diuron or 40 ppm glyphosate, whereas a higher concentration of both herbicides (0.46 ppm diuron or 90 ppm glyphosate) was necessary to abolish C. reinhardtii growth. However, after running a ratchet protocol, the resistance of the three species to both herbicides increased by an adaptation process. M. aeruginosa and D. chlorelloides were able to grow at 1.84 ppm diuron and 80 ppm glyphosate and C. reinhardtii proliferated at twice these concentrations. Herbicide-resistant strains showed lower growth rates than their wild-type counterparts in the absence of herbicides, as well as changes on morphology and differences on photosynthetic pigment content. Besides, herbicide-resistant cells generally showed a lower photosynthetic performance than wild-type strains in the three species. These results indicate that the introduction of both herbicides in freshwater ecosystems could produce a diminution of primary production due to the selection of herbicide-resistant mutants, that would exhibit lower photosynthetic performance than wild-type populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J Melero-Jiménez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Elena Bañares-España
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Andreas Reul
- Departamento de Ecología y Geología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Moya
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María J García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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9
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Yang L, Zhang Y. Effects of atrazine and its two major derivatives on the photosynthetic physiology and carbon sequestration potential of a marine diatom. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111359. [PMID: 32961490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most commonly used and frequently detected herbicides in the coastal seawater, the ecotoxicity of atrazine to phytoplankton has been well demonstrated. However, little attention has been paid to the ecotoxicity of its two major hydrolysates (desisopropylatrazine (DIA) and desethylatrazine (DEA)), which are also widely distributed in natural seawater. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the photosynthetic physiology and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) characteristics of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Pt-1 (CCMP 2561) under atrazine, DIA and DEA stress, respectively. The results showed that both atrazine and the two derivatives had significant negative effects on the concentration of chlorophyll a, maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and relative electron transport rates (rETR) of P. tricornutum Pt-1. Furthermore, the CDOM pattern released by P. tricornutum Pt-1 cells also changed significantly after 7-day exposure. Compared with the control group, the fluorescence intensity (3D-EEM spectra) of protein-like components was obviously lower, while that of the humic acid-like components was higher. The findings of this study indicate that the ecotoxicity of atrazine might have been underestimated in previous investigations: both atrazine and its two major derivatives are not only phototoxic to microalgae but also influence the carbon sequestration potential in the coastal seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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10
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Unuofin JO. Garbage in garbage out: the contribution of our industrial advancement to wastewater degeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22319-22335. [PMID: 32347482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural water sources are habitually marred by insidious anthropogenic practices and municipal wastewater discharges that contain either of xenobiotic pollutants and their sometimes more toxic degradation products, or both. Although wastewater is considered as both a resource and a problem, as explained in this review, it is however daunting that, while the global village is still struggling to decipher the mode of proper handling, subsequent discharge and regulation of already established aromatic contaminants in wastewater, there emanates some more aggressive, stealth and sinister groups of compounds. It is quite ironic that majority of these compounds are the 'go through' consumables in our present society and have been suspected to pose several health risks to the aquatic ecosystem, eliciting unfavourable clinical manifestations in aquatic animals and humans, which has heightened the uncertainties conferred on freshwater use and consumption of some aquatic foods. This review therefore serves to give a brief account on the metamorphosis of approach in detection of aromatic pollutants and ultimately their implications along the trophic chains in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Unuofin
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Water Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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