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Hernández-Fernández J, Bello-Leon E, Carrascal J. Recovery of an Antioxidant Derived from a Phenolic Diphosphite from Wastewater during the Production of a Polypropylene Compound: A Step towards Sustainable Management. Molecules 2024; 29:2780. [PMID: 38930844 PMCID: PMC11207088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic phosphoester (OPE) antioxidants are currently required due to their contribution to enhancing the quality of polymers, including polypropylene (PP). In this research, an integral methodology is presented for the efficient extraction of bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite from industrial wastewater. Upon employing the solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique, the recovered compound is subjected to a comprehensive analysis of the recovered compound using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), thermal analysis (TGA), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Subsequently, purified Bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite was evaluated as a thermo-oxidative stabilizer after incorporation into PP resins. The relative standard deviation (RSD), Error (Er), linearity (R2), and percentage (%) recovery were less than 2.6, 2.5, more significant than 0.9995, and greater than 96%, respectively, for the inter-day and intra-day tests of the chromatographic method and the SPE. Except for chloroform, which was necessary due to the solubility properties of the investigated analyte, the use of environmentally friendly solvents, such as methanol and acetonitrile, was considered during the development of this research. The OPE extracted from industrial wastewater was characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, DSC, TGA, and MS, allowing the elucidation of the structure of Bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite (BDPD). The recovered OPE was mixed with PP resins, allowing it to improve its thermal properties and minimize its thermo-oxidative degradation. Organophosphorus flame retardant (OPE)' concentration in wastewater is alarming, ranging from 1179.0 to 4709.6 mg L-1. These exceed toxicity thresholds for aquatic organisms, emphasizing global environmental risks. Using a validated solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique with over 94% recovery, the study addresses concerns by removing organic contaminants and supporting circular economy principles. The high economic and environmental significance of recovering BDPD underscores the need for urgent global attention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Hernández-Fernández
- Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 30015, Colombia
- Chemical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, Industrial and Technological Park Carlos Vélez Pombo, Technological University of Bolivar, Km 1 Vía Turbaco, Turbaco 130001, Colombia
- Department of Natural and Exact Science, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 30300, Colombia
- Science and Engineering Research Group CECOPAT&A, Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 131001, Colombia;
| | - Elias Bello-Leon
- Science and Engineering Research Group CECOPAT&A, Chemistry Program, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, San Pablo Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 131001, Colombia;
| | - Juan Carrascal
- Research Group GIA, Comfenalco Technological University Foundation, Cartagena 30015, Colombia;
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2
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Wang Z, Pu Q, Li Y. Bidirectional selection of the functional properties and environmental friendliness of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide derivatives: Design, screening, and mechanism analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163043. [PMID: 36963678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used in agricultural production, but the resulting pollution and drug resistance have sparked widespread concern. Therefore, this paper built a model to design OP substitute molecules with high functionality and environmental friendliness, as well as conducted various human health and ecological environment evaluations, synthetic accessibility screening, and easy detection screening. The functionality of the two OP substitute molecules, DIM-100 and DIM-164, increased by 22.79 % and 22.18 %, respectively, and the environmental friendliness increased by 18.07 % and 24.02 %, respectively. The human health risk and ecological, environmental risks were significantly reduced. Both molecules are easy to synthesize, and their detection sensitivity is 9.85 % and 11.24 % higher than that of the target molecule, respectively. Furthermore, significant changes in the distribution of electrons and holes near the C8 and S1 atoms of the OP substitute molecule resulted in easier breakage of the C8-S1 bond, enhancing its photodegradation ability. The charge transfer ability between the atoms of the molecule (as increasing the electron-withdrawing group led to an increase in charge of the P atom) and the volume of the cholinesterase active pocket both affect the functionality of the DIM substitute molecule. That is, the volume of the cholinesterase active pocket of the bee is smaller than that of the brown planthopper and is more affected by the volume of the OP molecule. Furthermore, the mutual verification analysis of the bidirectional selectivity effect of OP substitute molecules between the BayesianRidge model and the 3D-QS(A2 + ∀3)R model reveals that the overall charge transfer degree of DIM substitute molecules is the main reason for the increase in the bidirectional selectivity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qikun Pu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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3
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Dogan FN, Karpuzcu ME. Modeling fate and transport of pesticides from dryland agriculture using SWAT model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 334:117457. [PMID: 36801806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to understand pesticide fate and transport from dryland agriculture in a major drinking water basin using SWAT and to identify critical source areas in the basin. Hydrological calibration results indicated satisfactory simulation of hydrologic processes within the catchment. Long term average observed sediment values (0.16 ton/ha) were compared with the annual average simulated SWAT outputs (0.22 ton/ha). Generally, the simulated concentrations were higher than the observed values, but the distribution pattern and trends were similar among the months. Average concentrations in water were 0.036 μg/L and 0.006 μg/L for fenpropimorph and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Transfer rates of pesticides from landscape to rivers showed that 0.36% of fenpropimorph and 0.19% of the applied amount of chlorpyrifos were exported to the river. Higher amount of fenpropimorph transport from land to the reach was attributed to its lower Koc (soil adsorption coefficient) value compared to chlorpyrifos. Higher amounts from HRUs were observed in the application month (April) and following month (May) for fenpropimorph, while the months after September showed higher amounts for chlorpyrifos. The specific HRUs (Hydrological Response Units) located in sub-basins 3, 5, 9 and 11 presented highest dissolved pesticide amounts, while HRUs in sub-basins 4 and 11 exhibited highest concentrations for adsorbed pesticides. Best management practices (BMPs) were recommended in critical subbasins to protect the watershed. Despite the limitations, the results demonstrate the potential contributions of modeling in terms of assessing pesticide loadings, critical zones and application timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nihan Dogan
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Ekrem Karpuzcu
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Li D, Ma XY, Zhang S, Wang YK, Han Y, Chen R, Wang XC, Ngo HH. Aquatic photolysis of high-risk chemicals of emerging concern from secondary effluent mediated by sunlight irradiation for ecological safety and the enhanced methods. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:120002. [PMID: 37148692 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural sunlight can reduce the chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) and biological effects from the discharged domestic wastewater. But the aquatic photolysis and biotoxic variations of specific CECs detected in secondary effluent (SE) were not clear. In this study, 29 CECs were detected in the SE, and 13 medium- and high-risk CECs were identified as target chemicals based on their ecological risk assessment. To comprehensively explore the photolysis properties of the identified target chemicals, the direct and self-sensitized photodegradation of the target chemicals, even the indirect photodegradation in the mixture, were investigated and compared with these photodegradation in the SE. Of the 13 target chemicals, only five chemicals (including dichlorvos (DDVP), mefenamic acid (MEF), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and imidacloprid (IMI)) underwent direct and self-sensitized photodegradation processes. The removal of DDVP, MEF, and DPH was attributed to self-sensitized photodegradation, which was mainly mediated by •OH; CPF and IMI primarily relied on direct photodegradation. Synergistic and/or antagonistic actions that occurred in the mixture improved/decreased the rate constants of five photodegradable target chemicals. Meanwhile, the biotoxicities (acute toxicity and genotoxicity) of the target chemicals (including individual chemicals and the mixture) were significantly reduced, which can explain the reduction of biotoxicities from SE. For the two refractory high-risk chemicals, atrazine (ATZ) and carbendazim (MBC), algae-derived intracellular dissolved organic matter (IOM) on ATZ, and IOM and extracellular dissolved organic matter (EOM) on MBC had slightly promotion for their photodegradation; while peroxysulfate, and peroxymonosulfate served as sensitizers were activated by natural sunlight and effectively improved their photodegradation rate, and then reduced their biotoxicities. These findings will promote the development of CECs treatment technologies based on sunlight irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Y Ma
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yongkun K Wang
- School of Environment and Tourism, West Anhui University, Lùan 237000, PR China
| | - Yingnan Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering (Shaanxi province), School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology (Ministry of Education), Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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5
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Dash DM, Osborne WJ. A systematic review on the implementation of advanced and evolutionary biotechnological tools for efficient bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137506. [PMID: 36526134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the concept of bioremediation was introduced, microorganisms, microbial enzymes and plants have been used as principal elements for Organophosphate pesticide (OPP) bioremediation. The enzyme systems and genetic profile of these microbes have been studied deeply in past years. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are considered as one of the potential candidates for OPP bioremediation and has been widely used to stimulate the phytoremediation potential of plants. Constructed wetlands (CWs) in OPP biodegradation have brought new prospects to microcosm and mesocosm based remediation strategies. Application of synthetic biology has provided a new dimension to the field of OPP bioremediation by introducing concepts like, gene manipulation andediting, expression and regulation of catabolic enzymes, implementation of whole-cell based and enzyme based biosensor systems for the detection and monitoring of OPP pollution in both terrestrial and aquatic environment. System biology and bioinformatics tools have rendered significant knowledge regarding the genetic, enzymatic and biochemical aspects of microbes and plants thereby, helping researchers to analyze the mechanism of OPP biodegradation. Structural biology has provided significant conceptual information regarding OPP biodegradation pathways, structural and functional characterization of metabolites and enzymes, enzyme-pollutant interactions, etc. Therefore, this review discussed the prospects and challenges of most advanced and high throughput strategies implemented for OPP biodegradation. The review also established a comparative analysis of various bioremediation techniques and highlighted the interdependency among them. The review highly suggested the simultaneous implementation of more than one remediation strategy or a combinational approach creating an advantageous hybrid technique for OPP bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Mayee Dash
- Department of Bioscience School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - W Jabez Osborne
- Department of Bioscience School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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McGinley J, Healy MG, Ryan PC, Mellander PE, Morrison L, O'Driscoll JH, Siggins A. Batch adsorption of herbicides from aqueous solution onto diverse reusable materials and granulated activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116102. [PMID: 36103789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption of five herbicides, MCPA, mecoprop-P, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr and triclopyr, from aqueous solutions onto a range of raw and pyrolysed waste materials originating from an industrial setting. The raw waste materials investigated demonstrated little capability for any herbicide adsorption. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) was capable of the best removal of the herbicides, with >95% removal observed. A first order kinetic model fitted the data best for GAC adsorption of 2,4-D, while a pseudo-first order model fitted the data best for GAC adsorption of fluroxypyr and triclopyr, indicating that adsorption was via physisorption. A pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted the GAC adsorption of MCPA and mecoprop-P, which is indicative of chemisorption. The adsorption of the herbicides in all cases was best described by the Freundlich model, indicating that adsorption occurred onto heterogeneous surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGinley
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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7
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Pesticide sorption and mitigation efficiency of a detention pond in a Champagne vineyard catchment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11475. [PMID: 36406734 PMCID: PMC9668682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detention ponds (DPs) are used to reduce the pesticide inputs from runoff to surface water. This study aimed to assess the role of the sorption process in the mitigation of a DP made up of four successive units and built at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in Champagne (France) to treat runoff waters. Sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied for four pesticides with contrasting properties, cyazofamid (CYA), fludioxonil (FLX), fluopicolide (FLP) and oryzalin (ORY), in the presence of copper in sediments and four emergent macrophyte roots and rhizomes sampled in the DP units 2 (photodegradation) and 3 (phytoremediation). The adsorption equilibrium time (from 24 to 96 h) was less than the hydraulic residence times in the two units (6 and 18 days on average) between November 2016 and November 2017. Sorption equilibrium could then be reached in situ in 85 % of cases. The Kd coefficients of the four pesticides were overall greater in plant roots (14–6742 L kg−1) than in sediments (6–163 L kg−1) because of their affinity for organic matter and the molecular and porous structure of the plant matrices. Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus exhibited greater Kd coefficients than Mentha aquatica and Phragmites australis, probably due to their greater specific surface area. The pesticide adsorption capacity in sediments and in T. latifolia and I. pseudacorus roots (ORY ≥ FLX > CYA > FLP) was linked to their Kow. The estimated total annual amounts of the four pesticides adsorbed in situ were determined to be 1236 mg for unit 2 and 1570 mg for unit 3. The four plants improved the removal efficiency of the unit 3 by 33%. Thus, the establishment of suitable and effective plants should be promoted to optimize sorption processes and DP efficiency in reducing water pollution. Pesticide sorption on various substrates of a vineyard detention pond was assessed. The measured equilibrium time was less than the in situ hydraulic residence time. Plant roots and rhizomes showed greater pesticide adsorption capacity than sediments. Sorption capacity was higher on cattail and iris than on mint and reed. Affinity of selected pesticides for roots and sediments was related to their Kow.
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Chaumet B, Probst JL, Payré-Suc V, Granouillac F, Riboul D, Probst A. Pond mitigation in dissolved and particulate pesticide transfers: Influence of storm events and seasonality (Auradé agricultural catchment, SW-France). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115911. [PMID: 35961144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural headwater catchments, wetlands such as ponds are numerous and well known to partly dissipate contamination. Most of the pesticides are transferred from soils to the aquatic environment during flood events. This study reports the annual/seasonal behaviour of 6 pesticides (metolachlor, boscalid, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, aclonifen and pendimethalin) in such an environment. Because it is rarely considered, the study focussed on the high frequency of the distribution of pesticides between dissolved and particulate phases, as well as the main controlling factors of their upstream-downstream transfer. The pond removal rate was calculated to evaluate the wetland efficiency in pesticide mitigation. We conducted a one-year high frequency hydrochemical survey, with particular emphasis on flood events, in the upper Auradé catchment (SW-France), an area of long-term conventional agriculture on highly erosive carbonated soils. The inlet and outlet of the pond were instrumented for water level measurements and water sampling. The highest concentrations were observed for tebuconazole and, in general, the presence of the molecules during the year depended on the season. The pond showed satisfactory efficiency in pesticide attenuation for the six molecules considered, although the removal rate depended on the molecule and the bearing phase (from 28.4% for boscalid to 89.4% for aclonifen in the dissolved phase and from 22.1% for pendimethalin to 96.8% for metolachlor in the particulate fraction). Interestingly, the more hydrophilic the molecule (low LogKOW), the more efficient the pesticide removal rate was for its particulate fraction, and the opposite for hydrophobic molecules (high LogKOW). Flood events carried a large amount of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) bearing hydrophobic molecules from a major legacy of upper catchment soils, although 52% of the pesticides were transported by the dissolved fraction. Significant resuspension of TSS from the pond was evidenced by the annual mass balance with four tons of TSS released, while the positive rate of pesticide removal involved other effective mechanisms such as exchange and complexation. Although these constructed wetlands may be beneficial for pesticide mitigation, the results highlighted the need for improved land management in the upstream catchment during the different seasons to avoid bare soils that pose a risk of high surface water contamination, especially due to the presence of hydrophobic molecules in combination with a high erosive context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Chaumet
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTER Bassin versant Auradé, IR OZCAR, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Probst
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTER Bassin versant Auradé, IR OZCAR, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Payré-Suc
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTER Bassin versant Auradé, IR OZCAR, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Franck Granouillac
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTER Bassin versant Auradé, IR OZCAR, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - David Riboul
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Anne Probst
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Auzeville Tolosane, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTSER Zone Atelier Pyrénées-Garonne, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; LTER Bassin versant Auradé, IR OZCAR, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Yan X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Jiao C, Zhu K, Guo J, Pang M, Jin Z, Shen Z. Pesticide fate at watershed scale: A new framework integrating multimedia behavior with hydrological processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115758. [PMID: 35982562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution has been one serious ecological and environmental issue due to its wide application, high toxicity, and complex environmental behavior. The fugacity model has been widely used to quantify biogeochemical cycles of pesticides due to its clear compartments, simple structure, and easy-accessible data. However, the lack of detailed hydrological processes limits its application for large and heterogeneous watershed. In present study, a new framework was proposed through integration of hydrological processes of SWAT and pesticide fate of fugacity model, and was applied into a typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. The results showed that surface runoff, soil erosion, and percolation varied spatiotemporally, which highlighted the importance of considering regional and seasonal heterogeneity of pesticide transport variables in the fugacity model. The amount of dichlorvos (DDV) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) in air, water, soil, and sediment phase were estimated as 0.26 kg, 19.77 kg, 1.06 × 104 kg, and 0.55 kg, respectively. Spatiotemporally, pesticide concentrations in water phase peaked in summer, while the middle and southwest regions of the watershed were identified as the hotspots for pesticide pollution. Compared with the classical model, the new framework provided technical support for the pesticide assessment at watershed scale with heterogeneous hydrological conditions, which can be easily extended to other watersheds, and integrated with other models for comprehensive agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Cong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Kaihang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Mingyue Pang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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Enesca A, Andronic L. UV-Vis Activated Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 Heterostructure for Photocatalytic Removal of Pesticides. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152648. [PMID: 35957078 PMCID: PMC9370623 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
A three-steps sol–gel method was used to obtain a Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 heterostructure powder, deposited as film by spray pyrolysis. The porous morphology of the final heterostructure was constructed starting with fiber-like WO3 acting as substrate for SnO2 development. The SnO2/WO3 sample provide nucleation and grew sites for Cu2O formation. Diffraction evaluation indicated that all samples contained crystalline structures with crystallite size varying from 42.4 Å (Cu2O) to 81.8 Å (WO3). Elemental analysis confirmed that the samples were homogeneous in composition and had an oxygen excess due to the annealing treatments. Photocatalytic properties were tested in the presence of three pesticides—pirimicarb, S-metolachlor (S-MCh), and metalaxyl (MET)—chosen based on their resilience and toxicity. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 heterostructure was compared with WO3, SnO2, Cu2O, Cu2O/SnO2, Cu2O/WO3, and SnO2/WO3 samples. The results indicated that the three-component heterostructure had the highest photocatalytic efficiency toward all pesticides. The highest photocatalytic efficiency was obtained toward S-MCh (86%) using a Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 sample and the lowest correspond to MET (8.2%) removal using a Cu2O monocomponent sample. TOC analysis indicated that not all the removal efficiency could be attributed to mineralization, and by-product formation is possible. Cu2O/SnO2/WO3 is able to induce 81.3% mineralization of S-MCh, while Cu2O exhibited 5.7% mineralization of S-MCh. The three-run cyclic tests showed that Cu2O/SnO2/WO3, WO3, and SnO2/WO3 exhibited good photocatalytic stability without requiring additional procedures. The photocatalytic mechanism corresponds to a Z-scheme charge transfer based on a three-component structure, where Cu2O exhibits reduction potential responsible for O2 production and WO3 has oxidation potential responsible for HO· generation.
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“Unity and Struggle of Opposites” as a Basis for the Functioning of Synthetic Bacterial Immobilized Consortium That Continuously Degrades Organophosphorus Pesticides. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071394. [PMID: 35889114 PMCID: PMC9317566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was aimed at the development of an immobilized artificial consortium (IMAC) based on microorganisms belonging to the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells capable of jointly carrying out the rapid and effective degradation of different organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs): paraoxon, parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, dimethoate, and demeton-S-methyl. A cryogel of poly(vinyl alcohol) was applied as a carrier for the IMAC. After a selection was made between several candidates of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas, the required combination of two cultures (P. esterophilus and R. ruber) was found. A further change in the ratio between the biomass of the cells inside the granules of IMAC, increasing the packing density of cells inside the same granules and decreasing the size of the granules with IMAC, gave a 225% improvement in the degradation activity of the cell combination. The increase in the velocity and the OPP degradation degree was 4.5 and 16 times greater than the individual P. esterophilus and R. ruber cells, respectively. Multiple uses of the obtained IMAC were demonstrated. The increase in IMAC lactonase activity confirmed the role of the cell quorum in the action efficiency of the synthetic biosystem. The co-inclusion of natural strains in a carrier during immobilization strengthened the IMAC activities without the genetic enhancement of the cells.
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Birtek RI, Karpuzcu ME, Ozturk I. Occurrence of priority substances in urban wastewaters of Istanbul and the estimation of the associated risks in the effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:426. [PMID: 35552554 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increase in the contamination of the aquatic environments is a global challenge; hence, understanding the sources of priority substances (PSs) is essential. In an attempt to implement this principle, a year-long monitoring covering all seasons was carried out in the influents and effluents of four largest wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Istanbul. Results obtained showed the presence of 48 PSs (66% of the target compounds) including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), alkylphenols, phthalates, and metals ranging from low nanograms to micrograms per liter. Priority hazardous substances that were banned for long were still found to be present in wastewaters. PAHs, DLCs, alkylphenols, and metals were found to be present in all samples. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and DLCs were detected in more than 80% of the influent samples. Trichloromethane had the highest concentrations among the most frequently (80-100%) detected PSs in the influents and effluents. The potential risks that may arise from WWTP effluents containing PSs were estimated by calculating the risk quotients (RQs). Upon the risk estimation conducted on the PSs in effluents, monitoring of the endrin, alpha-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, quinoxyfen, bifenox, benzo-ghi-perylene, and DEHP is recommended for the WWTP effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Iclal Birtek
- Istanbul Water and Sewage Administration, HQ Directorate General, Eyüpsultan, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Ekrem Karpuzcu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Izzet Ozturk
- Istanbul Water and Sewage Administration, HQ Directorate General, Eyüpsultan, 34060, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sharma K, Kaur M, Rattan G, Kaushik A. Effective biocatalyst developed via genipin mediated acetylcholinesterase immobilization on rice straw derived cellulose nanofibers for detection and bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Parlakidis P, Mavropoulos T, Vryzas Z, Gikas GD. Fluopyram removal from agricultural equipment rinsing water using HSF pilot-scale constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29584-29596. [PMID: 34519984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluopyram is a novel broad-spectrum fungicide with nematocidal activity, and as an extensively used pesticide, it could cause toxicity in nontarget organisms. The aim of this study was to explore the efficiency of five horizontal subsurface flow (HSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove fluopyram from rinsing water produced during the cleaning of pesticide spraying equipment. Four CWs, namely WG-R, WG-R-P, WG-C, and WG-U, contained fine gravel as porous media. WG-R and WG-R-P were planted with Phragmites australis, WG-C with Typha latifolia, and WG-U was left unplanted. Bioaugmentation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria was conducted in WG-R-P unit. The fifth unit (WGZ-R) planted with Phragmites australis and contained gravel and zeolite as porous media. All of CWs were loaded on a daily basis from December 2019 to January 2021 with water fortified with fluopyram. The removal rate follows the pattern of WG-R-P (70.67%) > WGZ-R (62.06%) > WG-C (59.98%) > WG-R (36.10%) > WG-U (25.09%). The most important parameters affecting the fluopyram removal were bioaugmentation, zeolite presence in porous media, and plant species. The WG-R-P unit showed higher fluopyram removal in comparison to the WG-R (increase about 96%), the zeolite increased the fluopyram removal by 72%, and the WG-C unit showed 66% higher fluopyram removal than the WG-R unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevas Parlakidis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Pharmacology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestias, Greece
| | - Theodoros Mavropoulos
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Zisis Vryzas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Pharmacology and Ecotoxicology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200, Orestias, Greece
| | - Georgios D Gikas
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece.
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Rodrigues ACM, Barbieri MV, Chino M, Manco G, Febbraio F. A 3D printable adapter for solid-state fluorescence measurements: the case of an immobilized enzymatic bioreceptor for organophosphate pesticides detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1999-2008. [PMID: 35064794 PMCID: PMC8791905 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in the last decades and their accumulation into the environment gave rise to major environmental and human health concerns. To address this topic, the scientific community pointed out the need to develop methodologies to detect and measure the presence of pesticides in different matrices. Biosensors have been recently explored as fast, easy, and sensitive methods for direct organophosphate pesticides monitoring. Thus, the present work aimed at designing and testing a 3D printed adapter useful on different equipment, and a membrane support to immobilize the esterase-2 from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (EST2) bioreceptor. The latter is labelled with the IAEDANS, a bright fluorescent probe. EST2 was selected since it shows a high specificity toward paraoxon. Our results showed good stability and replicability, with an increasing linear fluorescent intensity recorded from 15 to 150 pmol of labelled EST2. Linearity of data was also observed when using the immobilized labelled EST2 to detect increasing amounts of paraoxon, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 pmol. This LOD value reveals the high sensitivity of our membrane support when mounted on the 3D adapter, comparable to modern methods using robotic workstations. Notably, the use of an independent support significantly simplified the manipulation of the membrane during experimental procedures and enabled it to match the specificities of different systems. In sum, this work emphasizes the advantages of using 3D printed accessories adapted to respond to the newest research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barbieri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Febbraio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy.
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A Literature Review of Wetland Treatment Systems Used to Treat Runoff Mixtures Containing Antibiotics and Pesticides from Urban and Agricultural Landscapes. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13243631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wetland treatment systems are used extensively across the world to mitigate surface runoff. While wetland treatment for nitrogen mitigation has been comprehensively reviewed, the implications of common-use pesticides and antibiotics on nitrogen reduction remain relatively unreviewed. Therefore, this review seeks to comprehensively assess the removal of commonly used pesticides and antibiotics and their implications for nitrogen removal in wetland treatment systems receiving non-point source runoff from urban and agricultural landscapes. A total of 181 primary studies were identified spanning 37 countries. Most of the reviewed publications studied pesticides (n = 153) entering wetlands systems, while antibiotics (n = 29) had fewer publications. Even fewer publications reviewed the impact of influent mixtures on nitrogen removal processes in wetlands (n = 16). Removal efficiencies for antibiotics (35–100%), pesticides (−619–100%), and nitrate-nitrogen (−113–100%) varied widely across the studies, with pesticides and antibiotics impacting microbial communities, the presence and type of vegetation, timing, and hydrology in wetland ecosystems. However, implications for the nitrogen cycle were dependent on the specific emerging contaminant present. A significant knowledge gap remains in how wetland treatment systems are used to treat non-point source mixtures that contain nutrients, pesticides, and antibiotics, resulting in an unknown regarding nitrogen removal efficiency as runoff contaminant mixtures evolve.
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Ghorbani M, Mohammadi P, Keshavarzi M, Saghi MH, Mohammadi M, Shams A, Aghamohammadhasan M. Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides residues in vegetable, fruit juice, and milk samples with magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction and chromatographic method; recruitment of simplex lattice mixture design for optimization of novel sorbent composites. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1178:338802. [PMID: 34482881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dispersive micro solid-phase extraction procedure using a novel and selective sorbent prepared from four components was developed as a sample preparation strategy for extracting five organophosphorus pesticides, including fenitrothion, malathion, ethion, and chlorpyrifos, and diazinon in several vegetables, fruit juices, and cow's milk samples. Due to the high importance of the sorbent in the microextraction process, the percentages of sorbent components, including metal-organic framework (ZIF-67), chitosan, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles, were optimized by a simplex lattice mixture design. After optimizing the sorbent composite, effective parameters on the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides were optimized using a definitive screening design and Box-Behnken design, respectively. A surfactant (Triton X100) as a dispersion agent with a low volume (10 μL) was utilized in the microextraction procedure to reduce the sorbent dispersion time and increase the sorbent dispersion efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, linearity for the determination of fenitrothion, malathion, ethion, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon was in the concentration ranges of 0.13-1100, 0.27-1000, 0.38-1000, 0.21-1200, and 0.11-1100 ng mL-1 with a determination coefficient higher than 0.9906, respectively. The quantitation limits, detection limits, and relative standard deviations (n = 5) were lower than 0.38 ng mL-1, 0.11 ng mL-1, and 4.59% for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides. The method application for measuring OPPs on cucumber, carrot, tomato, apple juice, orange juice, and cow's milk indicated the presence of residual amounts of malathion in a cucumber sample, diazinon in a carrot sample, and chlorpyrifos in a tomato sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossien Saghi
- Department of Environmental Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Morteza Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Sechenov University of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alireza Shams
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Broznić D, Didović MP, Rimac V, Marinić J. Sorption and leaching potential of organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate in Croatian agricultural soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128563. [PMID: 33070975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoate is an organophosphorus insecticide still used in Croatia and worldwide, with polar structure and high water solubility that make it prone to leaching. This study analyzed how physico-chemical properties of soils affected dimethoate sorption and mobility. For that purpose, five soil samples were collected from three Croatian regions (two coastal and one mountain region). Dimethoate sorption process was analyzed using the batch procedure while its mobility and leaching potential was investigated by column experiment. The results showed that dimethoate sorption can be adequately described by Freundlich model. All isotherms were of L-type with varying degrees of non-linearity, indicating different sorption efficiencies and distribution of sorption sites energies among the soils. Energy distribution was broader in soils richer in organic matter (OM). KF values indicated relatively low sorption efficiency for all soils, with an increase of KF values proportional to OM content. Mechanisms involved in dimethoate sorption and mobility were analyzed by fitting the breakthrough curves (BTCs) with two mathematical models, namely one-site equilibrium (ELM) and two-site nonequilibrium sorption model (NELM). Correlations were quantified by Kendall-Tau test, which revealed the strongest correlation of KF value with OM content, cation exchange capacity and the humic acid content, while correlations with pH, clay content and A465nm/A665nm ratio were negative and insignificant. Based on these findings, a model for prediction of leaching potential was formed. A simplified model for dimethoate sorption/transport was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Broznić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Mirna Petković Didović
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Vladimir Rimac
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Krešimirova 52a, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Marinić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Chaubey B, Narwal P, Khandelwal A, Pal S. Aqueous photo-degradation of Flupyradifurone (FPD) in presence of a natural Humic Acid (HA): A quantitative solution state NMR analysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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