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Chen A, Wang H, Zhan X, Gong K, Xie W, Liang W, Zhang W, Peng C. Applications and synergistic degradation mechanisms of nZVI-modified biochar for the remediation of organic polluted soil and water: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168548. [PMID: 37989392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Increasing organic pollution in soil and water has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Nano zero-valent iron-modified biochar (nZVI/BC) has been proven to remediate the contaminated environment effectively due to its abundant active sites and unique reducing properties. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the application of nZVI/BC in organic polluted environmental remediation and its mechanisms. Firstly, the review introduced primary synthetic methods of nZVI/BC, including in-situ synthesis (carbothermal reduction and green synthesis) and post-modification (liquid-phase reduction and ball milling). Secondly, the application effects of nZVI/BC were discussed in remediating soil and water polluted by antibiotics, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and dyes. Thirdly, this review explored the mechanisms of the adsorption and chemical degradation of nZVI/BC, and synergistic degradation mechanisms of nZVI/BC-AOPs and nZVI/BC-Microbial interactions. Fourth, the factors that influence the removal of organic pollutants using nZVI/BC were summarized, encompassing synthesis conditions (raw materials, pyrolysis temperature and aging of nZVI/BC) and external factors (reagent dosage, pH, and coexisting substances). Finally, this review proposed future challenges for the application of nZVI/BC in environmental remediation. This review offers valuable insights for advancing technology in the degradation of organic pollutants using nZVI/BC and promoting its on-site application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiuping Zhan
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Kailin Gong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenwen Xie
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiyu Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Rizwan M, Murtaza G, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Iqbal R, Ahmed Z, Khan I, Siddique KHM, Leng L, Li H. Tuning active sites on biochars for remediation of mercury-contaminated soil: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115916. [PMID: 38171108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination is acknowledged as a global issue and has generated concerns globally due to its toxicity and persistence. Tunable surface-active sites (SASs) are one of the key features of efficient BCs for Hg remediation, and detailed documentation of their interactions with metal ions in soil medium is essential to support the applications of functionalized BC for Hg remediation. Although a specific active site exhibits identical behavior during the adsorption process, a systematic documentation of their syntheses and interactions with various metal ions in soil medium is crucial to promote the applications of functionalized biochars in Hg remediation. Hence, we summarized the BC's impact on Hg mobility in soils and discussed the potential mechanisms and role of various SASs of BC for Hg remediation, including oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and X (chlorine, bromine, iodine)- functional groups (FGs), surface area, pores and pH. The review also categorized synthesis routes to introduce oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur to BC surfaces to enhance their Hg adsorptive properties. Last but not the least, the direct mechanisms (e.g., Hg- BC binding) and indirect mechanisms (i.e., BC has a significant impact on the cycling of sulfur and thus the Hg-soil binding) that can be used to explain the adverse effects of BC on plants and microorganisms, as well as other related consequences and risk reduction strategies were highlighted. The future perspective will focus on functional BC for multiple heavy metal remediation and other potential applications; hence, future work should focus on designing intelligent/artificial BC for multiple purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 848300, China
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6001, Australia.
| | - Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Liu C, Li Y, Gai X, Xiang Z, Jiang W, He S, Liu Y, Xiao H. Advances in green materials derived from wood for detecting and removing mercury ions in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122351. [PMID: 37567404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The issue of mercury pollution in environmental remediation has garnered significant attention due to its severe health hazards to humans. Various strategies have been devised to mitigate the impact of toxic mercury ions, including coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, membrane technology, and electrochemical treatment. Among these approaches, adsorption has emerged as an efficient and widely employed method for the uptake of low concentrations of mercury ions. It offers convenient operation, high removal efficiency, and facile regeneration of the adsorbent. Wood, being the most abundant renewable and sustainable bioresource, has garnered attention as a promising material for treating heavy metal wastewater. This is attributed to its unique physical and chemical characteristics, encompassing hierarchical pores, aligned channels, active functional groups, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. However, a comprehensive examination of the cutting-edge applications of wood and wood-derived biopolymers in the detection and removal of mercury ions from wastewater has yet to be undertaken. Consequently, this article presents a chronological overview of recent advancements in materials and structures derived from bulk wood and its constituents, including cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and tannin, with a specific focus on their utility in detecting and eliminating mercury from water sources. Subsequently, the most promising techniques and strategies involving wood and wood-derived biopolymers in addressing the predicament of mercury pollution are explored. Furthermore, this piece offers insights into the existing challenges and future prospects concerning environmentally friendly materials derived from wood, aiming to foster the development of cost-effective mercury adsorbents and detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yu Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqian Gai
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhouyang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weikun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shuaiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B5A3, Canada
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Chaudhuri S, Sigmund G, Bone SE, Kumar N, Hofmann T. Mercury Removal from Contaminated Water by Wood-Based Biochar Depends on Natural Organic Matter and Ionic Composition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11354-11362. [PMID: 35926116 PMCID: PMC9387100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochars can remove potentially toxic elements, such as inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] from contaminated waters. However, their performance in complex water matrices is rarely investigated, and the combined roles of natural organic matter (NOM) and ionic composition in the removal of Hg(II) by biochar remain unclear. Here, we investigate the influence of NOM and major ions such as chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-), calcium (Ca2+), and sodium (Na+) on Hg(II) removal by a wood-based biochar (SWP700). Multiple sorption sites containing sulfur (S) were located within the porous SWP700. In the absence of NOM, Hg(II) removal was driven by these sites. Ca2+ bridging was important in enhancing removal of negatively charged Hg(II)-chloro complexes. In the presence of NOM, formation of soluble Hg-NOM complexes (as seen from speciation calculations), which have limited access to biochar pores, suppressed Hg(II) removal, but Cl- and Ca2+ could still facilitate it. The ability of Ca2+ to aggregate NOM, including Hg-NOM complexes, promoted Hg(II) removal from the dissolved fraction (<0.45 μm). Hg(II) removal in the presence of Cl- followed a stepwise mechanism. Weakly bound oxygen functional groups in NOM were outcompeted by Cl-, forming smaller-sized Hg(II)-chloro complexes, which could access additional intraparticle sorption sites. Therein, Cl- was outcompeted by S, which finally immobilized Hg(II) in SWP700 as confirmed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. We conclude that in NOM containing oxic waters, with relatively high molar ratios of Cl-: NOM and Ca2+: NOM, Hg(II) removal can still be effective with SWP700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampriti Chaudhuri
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gabriel Sigmund
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sharon E. Bone
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Soil
Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department
of Environmental Geosciences, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental
Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Hu H, Li Z, Xi B, Xu Q, Tan W. Responses of bacterial taxonomic attributes to mercury species in rhizosphere paddy soil under natural sulphur-rich biochar amendment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113058. [PMID: 34890984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar and sulphur (S) are important factors regulating the level, speciation and transformation of mercury (Hg), leading to alterations in the assemblage of the soil microbial community. However, variations in the taxonomic attributes of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community arising from the Hg speciation in paddy soil, amended with natural S-rich biochar (NSBC) derived from the pyrolysis of S-rich oilseed rape straw, remain unclear. Herein, a rice pot experiment was conducted. Hg-polluted paddy soils were amended with NSBC and low-S biochar (LSBC) to evaluate the role of Hg chemical form affected by NSBC in regulating the taxonomic attributes of rhizosphere soil, including microbial abundance, composition, and ecological clusters within the co-occurrence network of microbial communities. Results showed that microbial abundance was higher in soils with lower Hg levels, and mean increases of 149 observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 238 predicted OTUs (Chao 1) were observed, with a 1 mg kg-1 decrease in the total Hg (T-Hg) content. Among the 13 predictor variables, the T-Hg content was the strongest and most consistent predictor of the bacterial taxonomic attributes. This finding may be attributed to the fact that the drastic reduction in T-Hg and Hg bioavailability induced by NSBC results in the decrease of Hg stress on the soil microbiome. Moreover, NSBC amendment shifted the ecological clusters toward the amelioration of Hg pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Hu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhonghong Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qigong Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Sun B, Yang Y, Xiao B, Zhu L. New insights into the enhanced transport of uncoated and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles in saturated porous media by dissolved black carbons. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131159. [PMID: 34144287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most applied nanomaterials and have great potential to be present in the environment. Dissolved black carbon (DBC) is ubiquitous in soil as a result of large-scale application of biomass-derived black carbon as soil amendments, while its impacts on the transport of AgNPs remain unclear. In this study, two DBCs with different functional groups were prepared at 300 and 500 °C (DBC300 and DBC500), and their impacts on the transport of uncoated AgNPs (Bare-AgNP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs (PVP-AgNP) in saturated quartz sand were investigated. The transport of PVP-AgNP was much higher than Bare-AgNP under the same conditions because of the increased steric hindrance provided by PVP surface coating. The transport of two kinds of AgNPs was both enhanced by the DBCs under all the experimental conditions. DBC500 displayed a stronger enhancement effect than DBC300 on PVP-AgNP transport, but DBC300 facilitated the migration of Bare-AgNP more significantly than DBC500. The higher aromaticity and stronger hydrophobicity of DBC500 drove it to be adsorbed on the surface of PVP-AgNP, thus providing stronger steric hindrance and promotion effect on PVP-AgNP transport. However, DBC300 contained surface sulfhydryl groups, which bound with the Bare-AgNP tightly, therefore it greatly promoted Bare-AgNP transport via enhanced steric hindrance. (X)DLVO calculations indicated DBCs generally increased the energy barrier between the AgNPs and sand grains. The results shed light on the vital roles of both the properties of AgNPs and DBCs on the fate and environmental behaviors of silver nanomaterials in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Feng Y, Xu Y, Xie X, Gan Y, Su C, Pi K, Finfrock YZ, Liu P. The dual role of oxygen in redox-mediated removal of aqueous arsenic(III/V) by Fe-modified biochar. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125674. [PMID: 34364086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fe-modified biochar (FeBC) was used to remove aqueous As(III/V), and the role of oxygen (O2) in As removal was investigated by integrating aqueous and solid analyses. The removal efficiencies for As(III) and As(V) increased from 86.4% and 99.2% under anoxic conditions, respectively, to >99.9% when O2 was available. FeBC removed As(III) from As(III)-spiked systems by surface-oxidation following adsorption, where oxidation of As(III) was promoted by O2. As(V) was first reduced, re-oxidized in solutions, and then adsorbed to FeBC in As(V)-spiked systems, where reduction of As(V) was inhibited at the presence of O2. Both As(III) and As(V) were bidentate corner-sharing complexed to Fe oxides/hydroxides on FeBC, with As coordinated to Fe at ~3.4 Å according to As extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) modeling. These findings identified the effect of ambient O2 in As(III/V) redox transformations and removal, guiding the further application of FeBC in environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Chongqing Nanjiang Engineering Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kunfu Pi
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Y Zou Finfrock
- CLS@APS sector 20, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Su C, Wang S, Zhou Z, Wang H, Xie X, Yang Y, Feng Y, Liu W, Liu P. Chemical processes of Cr(VI) removal by Fe-modified biochar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and mechanism characterization under aerobic conditions using synchrotron-related techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144604. [PMID: 33444867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe-modified biochar (FeBC) has been considered for aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal, but a better understanding is needed with respect to the removal behavior, chemical processes, and removal mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aqueous Cr(VI) removal was evaluated using unmodified (BC) and FeBC. The Cr(VI) was completely removed in a pH range of 2-10. The removal behavior was properly depicted using pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir models under aerobic conditions, and using PSO and Freundlich models under anaerobic conditions. Removal rate and capacity were enhanced by up to 3.8 times under anaerobic conditions. Desorption experiments indicated removed Cr in FeBC was stable except under strong acid condition. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis suggested removed Cr in FeBC was 100% in Cr(III) form and bound to Fe with a bond length of 3.01 Å in the stable form of Fe(III)nCr(III)(1-n)(OOH). The removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) under aerobic conditions by FeBC mainly included electrostatic adsorption, chemical reduction, and complex precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Su
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xianjun Xie
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yanyuan Yang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Wenfu Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Rd., Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
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9
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Huang F, Zhang SM, Wu RR, Zhang L, Wang P, Xiao RB. Magnetic biochars have lower adsorption but higher separation effectiveness for Cd 2+ from aqueous solution compared to nonmagnetic biochars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116485. [PMID: 33556732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biochars were prepared by chemical co-precipitation of Fe3+/Fe2+ onto rice straw (M-RSB) and sewage sludge (M-SSB), followed by pyrolysis treatment, which was also used to prepare the corresponding nonmagnetic biochars (RSB and SSB). The comparison of adsorption characteristics between magnetic and nonmagnetic biochars was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, and initial Cd2+ concentration. The adsorption of nonmagnetic biochars was better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption of RSB and SSB was better described by Langmuir and Freundlich models, respectively. Magnetization of the biochars did not change the applicability of their respective adsorption models, but reduced their adsorption capabilities. The maximum capacities were 42.48 and 4.64 mg/g for M-RSB and M-SSB, respectively, underperforming their nonmagnetic counterparts of 58.65 and 7.22 mg/g for RSB and SSB. Such a reduction was fundamentally caused by the decreases in the importance of cation-exchange and Cπ-coordination after magnetization, but the Fe-oxides contributed to the precipitation-dependent adsorption capacity for Cd2+ on magnetic biochars. The qualitative and quantitative characterization of adsorption mechanisms were further analyzed, in which the contribution proportions of cation-exchange after magnetization were reduced by 31.9% and 12.1% for M-RSB and M-SSB, respectively, whereas that of Cπ-coordination were reduced by 3.4% and 31.1% for M-RSB and M-SSB, respectively. These reductions suggest that for adsorbing Cd2+ the choice of conventional biochar was more relevant than whether the biochar was magnetized. However, magnetic biochars are easily separated from treated solutions, depending largely on initial pH. Their easy of separation suggests that magnetic biochars hold promise as more sustainable alternatives for the remediation of moderately Cd-contaminated environments, such as surface water and agriculture soil, and that magnetic biochars should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Ren-Ren Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Rong-Bo Xiao
- Guangdong Industrial Contaminated Site Remediation Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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10
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Gamboa-Herrera JA, Ríos-Reyes CA, Vargas-Fiallo LY. Mercury speciation in mine tailings amended with biochar: Effects on mercury bioavailability, methylation potential and mobility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143959. [PMID: 33348158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a low-cost and environmentally friendly amendment with strong ability for adsorption of mercury (Hg) from aqueous solutions, contaminated soils, and sediments. In the present study, six biochars were prepared from the pyrolysis of cocoa pod husk, sugarcane bagasse and banana pseudostem at 400 and 600 °C in order to use them as an organic amendment and to evaluate their capacities to reduce the bioavailability, methylation potential, and mobility of Hg present in mine tailings without environmental treatment. To quantify the effects of each variety of biochar, incubation experiments of soil were established by mixing mine tailings with 5% by weight of biochar for 90 days. Once the incubation time concluded, sequential extraction procedures were carried out to determine the fractionation of the Hg species. Speciation analysis results indicated that the remedial effects of biochar depended on the source of organic matter and pyrolysis temperature. The bioavailable and organic Hg fractions decreased respectively by up to 75 and 79%, indicating a methylation potential reduction. Immobile Hg fraction increased to 76% with respect to the control. Adsorption and stabilization to HgS from the soluble forms of Hg reduce the percentage of bioavailable Hg. The organic Hg fraction reduction was correlated with the decrease of the bioavailable Hg fraction and with direct adsorption processes in the biochar structure. Highly porous biochars developed at high temperature, with large contents of superficial polar functional groups (H/C), and high pH, electrical conductivity, ash percentage and cation exchange capacity values favor the stabilization and adsorption of Hg in mine tailings. In summary, the application of biochar could be an effective method for the remediation of Hg-contaminated mine tailings, transforming the Hg species into less toxic, soluble, reactive, and bioavailable forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gamboa-Herrera
- Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - C A Ríos-Reyes
- Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia.
| | - L Y Vargas-Fiallo
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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11
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Zhao Y, Wang D, Wei W, Cui L, Cho CW, Wu G. Effective adsorption of mercury by Zr(IV)-based metal-organic frameworks of UiO-66-NH 2 from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7068-7075. [PMID: 33025445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 were synthesized and applied to removal of mercury from aqueous solution. The characterizations of UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To investigate the adsorption properties of UiO-66-NH2 for mercury, the experiments of kinetics, isotherm, pH, temperature, and salt concentration were conducted, and the results were compared with those by UiO-66. The result showed that UiO-66-NH2 has a higher adsorption capacity for mercury than UiO-66. The maximum adsorption capacity of UiO-66-NH2 was 223.8 ± 17.8 mg g-1 at 313 K. The salt concentration of NaCl has a significant effect on the adsorption of mercury on UiO-66, while UiO-66-NH2 can maintain the stable adsorption capacity for mercury in the concentration range of 0.1-0.5 M NaCl. Adsorption thermodynamics result indicated that the adsorption process of mercury on UiO-66-NH2 was spontaneous and endothermic. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the mercury was successfully adsorbed on the surface of UiO-66-NH2 and amino functional group as a soft base played a major role to react with mercury during the adsorption process. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Hubei Academy of Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Longzhe Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guiping Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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12
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Liu Z, Wang Z, Chen H, Cai T, Liu Z. Hydrochar and pyrochar for sorption of pollutants in wastewater and exhaust gas: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115910. [PMID: 33227697 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants in wastewater and exhaust gas bring out serious concerns to public health and the environment. Biochar can be developed as a sustainable adsorbent originating from abundant bio-wastes, such as agricultural waste, forestry residue, food waste and human waste. Here we highlight the state-of-the-art research progress on pyrochar and hydrochar for the sorption of pollutants (heavy metal, organics, gas, etc) in wastewater and exhaust gases. The adsorption performance of pyrochar and hydrochar are compared and discussed in-depth, including preparation procedures (carbonization and activation), sorption possible mechanisms, and physiochemical properties. Challenges and perspective for designing efficient and environmental benign biochar-based adsorbents are finally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), And Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), And Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), And Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), And Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), And Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Jian X, Li S, Feng Y, Chen X, Kuang R, Li B, Sun Y. Influence of Synthesis Methods on the High-Efficiency Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solution by Fe-Modified Magnetic Biochars. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31234-31243. [PMID: 33324833 PMCID: PMC7726960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fe-modified biochars have been widely used in removal of Cr(VI) from water due to the resulting modified surface functional groups and magnetization property. However, few studies have synthetically investigated modification methods and synthesis parameters on the improvement of the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by Fe-modified biochars. Herein, 10 types of corn straw-based magnetic biochars were produced using pre-modification and post-modification methods with various modifier ratios, and the highest heating temperature (HHT). Cr(VI) removal results suggest that the removal efficiency of pre-modified biochars ranged from 50.7 to 98.6%, which was much higher than that of post-modified (6.6-21.6%) and unmodified biochars (0.4-7.6%). The effect of synthesis methods on Cr(VI) adsorption was in the following order: Fe-modification method > modifier ratio > HHT. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm results of three types of pre-modified biochars were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.99) and the Langmuir adsorption model (R 2 > 0.99), respectively, indicating the surface homogeneity of the pre-modified biochars and unilayer chemisorptions of Cr(VI). Characterization results show that iron oxides or zerovalent iron particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of biochars and magnetism was introduced. A good Pearson correlation (r = -0.9694) between the removal efficiency and pH value in modified biochar suggests that the lower pH value may offer more positive charges and promote electrostatic attraction. Therefore, the dominant mechanism for enhanced Cr(VI) adsorption on pre-modified biochar was electrostatic attraction, resulting from its distinguished acidity nature. Our findings provide new insights into the high-efficiency removal of Cr(VI) onto Fe-modified magnetic biochars and will benefit future design of more efficient magnetic biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Jian
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Shan Li
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yun Feng
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ruibin Kuang
- Institute
of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy
of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit
Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangdong Province
Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Bosong Li
- Guangzhou
Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of
Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key
Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- College
of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural
University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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14
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Unravelling the Environmental Application of Biochar as Low-Cost Biosorbent: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this age, a key target for enhancing the competitiveness of the chemical, environmental and biotechnology industries is to manufacture high-value products more efficiently and especially with significantly reduced environmental impact. Under this premise, the conversion of biomass waste to a high-value added product, biochar, is an interesting approach under the circular economy principles. Thus, the improvements in the biochar production and its new and innovative uses are hot points of interest, which are the focus of vast efforts of the scientific community. Biochar has been recognized as a material of great potential, and its use as an adsorbent is becoming a reliable strategy for the removal of pollutants of different streams, according to its high adsorption capacity and potential to eliminate recalcitrant compounds. In this review, a succinct overview of current actions developed to improve the adsorption capability of biochar, mainly of heavy metal and organic pollutants (dyes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products), is summarized and discussed, and the principal adsorption mechanisms are described. The feedstock and the production procedure are revealed as key factors that provide the appropriate physicochemical characteristics for the good performance of biochar as an adsorbent. In addition, the modification of the biochar by the different described approaches proved their feasibility and became a good strategy for the design of selective adsorbents. In the last part of this review, the novel prospects in the regeneration of the biochar are presented in order to achieve a clean technology for alleviating the water pollution challenge.
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15
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Liu W, Feng Y, Zhong H, Ptacek C, Blowes D, Liu Y, Finfrock YZ, Liu P, Wang S. Aqua regia digestion cannot completely extract Hg from biochar: A synchrotron-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115002. [PMID: 32563950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is commonly extracted from solid phase samples using aqua regia for total Hg (tHg) analysis. However, uncertainties exist regarding the complete extraction of Hg by aqua regia, especially from carbonaceous materials. To investigate whether aqua regia can completely extract Hg from biochars, batch-style experiments were carried out to evaluate extraction efficiency of aqua regia with respect to Hg-loaded biochar and to characterize the residual Hg speciation and spatial distribution. Different types of biochars (raw, FeCl3-modified, and FeSO4-modified, prepared at different temperatures) were reacted with Hg-spiked solution before the digestion experiments. Adsorption analyses indicate the biochars were successfully loaded with Hg and that the Hg content was higher in biochars pyrolyzed at higher temperature (900 versus 300 or 600 °C). The results of digestion experiments indicate Hg could not be completely extracted from the biochars tested, with a greater percentage of residual Hg in biochars pyrolyzed at 600 (60 ± 15%) and 900 (75 ± 22%) than 300 °C (7 ± 2%). Furthermore, the fraction of residual Hg in FeSO4-modified biochars after aqua regia digestion was significantly lower than in FeCl3-modified and unmodified biochars. Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence imaging (CMXRFI) showed residual Hg in biochars is concentrated on surfaces prior to digestion, but more homogeneously distributed after digestion, which indicates Hg on biochar surface is more easily digested. Hg extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra modelling showed residual Hg in biochars mainly exists as Hg(II)-Cl. These results indicate extra caution should be paid for tHg determinations using aqua regia digestion method in soil (especially in forest), sediment, and peat samples containing black carbon, activated carbon, or biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfu Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- School of the Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Carol Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Blowes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - YingYing Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Y Zou Finfrock
- Science Division, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; CLS@APS Sector 20, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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