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Jacquemont J, Brandl SJ, McFarland EP, Claudet J, Baldwin CC, Barrett J, Tornabene L. Vertical structure of Caribbean deep-reef fishes from the altiphotic to deep-sea boundary. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19489. [PMID: 39174608 PMCID: PMC11341716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While recent technical breakthroughs have enabled advances in the description of reefs down to 150 m, the structure and depth zonation of deep-reef communities below 150 m remains largely unknown. Here, we present results from over 10 years of deep-reef fish surveys using human-occupied submersibles at four locations across the Caribbean Sea, constituting one of the only continuous reef-fish surveys from 10 to 480 m (1 site) and 40 to 300 m (3 sites). We identify four vertically stratified deep-reef fish communities between 40 and 300 m bordered by an altiphotic (0-10 m) and a deep-sea (300-480 m) community. We found a strong faunal break around 150 m that separates mesophotic and rariphotic zones and secondary breaks at ~ 70 to 90 m and ~ 180 to 200 m subdividing these zones into upper and lower communities. From 300 to 480 m in Roatán, we found a single fish community dominated by deep-sea families, indicating that the lower boundary of the reef-fish realm occurs at 300 m. No differences were found between communities ranging from 20 to 60 m, suggesting that fishes from the lower altiphotic and upper mesophotic form an ecological continuum. While some variability was observed across sites, the overall depth zonation and key species characterizing depth zones were consistent. Most deep-reef species observed were depth specialists restricted to a single depth zone, but many shallow-reef species extended down to mesophotic depths. Depth segregation among species of a genus was found across ten reef-fish genera and likely constitutes one of the mechanisms driving community distinctiveness and thereby fish diversity across depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Jacquemont
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Simon J Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Emily P McFarland
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison de l'Océan, 195 rue Saint-Jacques, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carole C Baldwin
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenna Barrett
- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration SWFSC, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Luke Tornabene
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
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2
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Bell JJ, Micaroni V, Harris B, Strano F, Broadribb M, Rogers A. Global status, impacts, and management of rocky temperate mesophotic ecosystems. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e13945. [PMID: 35587786 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ecology and function of rocky temperate mesophotic ecosystems (TMEs) remain poorly understood globally despite their widespread distribution. They typically occur at 20-150 m (the limit of photosynthesis), and on rocky substratum they support rich benthic communities and mobile fauna. We determined the distribution of rocky TMEs, their conservation status, and their most characteristic biological groups. Rocky TMEs were dominated by algae, turf-invertebrate matrices (<50 m only), sponges, bryozoans, and cnidarians. The community composition of TMEs differed significantly from shallow (0-15 m) subtidal reefs. Data were geographically biased and variable, available only from the North and South Atlantic, Mediterranean, and Temperate Australasia. Degree of protection of rocky TMEs varied considerably across the world. The biggest threats to rocky TMEs were identified changes in temperature, sedimentation rates, nutrient concentrations, and certain fishing types. We propose a conservation framework to inform future rocky TME management and conservation, highlighting the need to recognize the importance of these biologically diverse and functionally important ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Valerio Micaroni
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Harris
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Francesca Strano
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Manon Broadribb
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alice Rogers
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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3
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Saenz-Agudelo P, Ramirez P, Beldade R, Campoy AN, Garmendia V, Search FV, Fernández M, Wieters EA, Navarrete SA, Landaeta MF, Pérez-Matus A. Environmental DNA reveals temporal variation in mesophotic reefs of the Humboldt upwelling ecosystems of central Chile: Toward a baseline for biodiversity monitoring of unexplored marine habitats. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10999. [PMID: 38390005 PMCID: PMC10881902 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperate mesophotic reef ecosystems (TMREs) are among the least known marine habitats. Information on their diversity and ecology is geographically and temporally scarce, especially in highly productive large upwelling ecosystems. Lack of information remains an obstacle to understanding the importance of TMREs as habitats, biodiversity reservoirs and their connections with better-studied shallow reefs. Here, we use environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples to characterize the community composition of TMREs on the central Chilean coast, generating the first baseline for monitoring the biodiversity of these habitats. We analyzed samples from two depths (30 and 60 m) over four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and at two locations approximately 16 km apart. We used a panel of three metabarcodes, two that target all eukaryotes (18S rRNA and mitochondrial COI) and one specifically targeting fishes (16S rRNA). All panels combined encompassed eDNA assigned to 42 phyla, 90 classes, 237 orders, and 402 families. The highest family richness was found for the phyla Arthropoda, Bacillariophyta, and Chordata. Overall, family richness was similar between depths but decreased during summer, a pattern consistent at both locations. Our results indicate that the structure (composition) of the mesophotic communities varied predominantly with seasons. We analyzed further the better-resolved fish assemblage and compared eDNA with other visual methods at the same locations and depths. We recovered eDNA from 19 genera of fish, six of these have also been observed on towed underwater videos, while 13 were unique to eDNA. We discuss the potential drivers of seasonal differences in community composition and richness. Our results suggest that eDNA can provide valuable insights for monitoring TMRE communities but highlight the necessity of completing reference DNA databases available for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
| | - Paula Ramirez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
| | - Ricardo Beldade
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
| | - Ana N Campoy
- Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR-CIMAR) University of the Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Vladimir Garmendia
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
| | - Francesca V Search
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
| | - Miriam Fernández
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
| | - Evie A Wieters
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
| | - Sergio A Navarrete
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES) and Coastal Socio-Ecological Millennium Institute (SECOS) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
- Center for Oceanographic Research COASTAL-COASTAL Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Mauricio F Landaeta
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Laboratorio de Ictiología e Interacciones Biofísicas (LABITI) Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Matus
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Conservation of Temperate Marine Ecosystems, NUTME Las Cruces Chile
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas Pontificia Universidad Católica Las Cruces Chile
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Wang T, Feng Y, Huang J, Wu S, Hu K, Wu J, Naman CB, Wang H, Lin W, He S. Pestanoid A, a Rearranged Pimarane Diterpenoid Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitor from a Marine Mesophotic Zone Chalinidae Sponge-Associated Fungus, Pestalotiopsis sp. NBUF145. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:160-165. [PMID: 38194474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
One novel rearranged pimarane diterpenoid, pestanoid A (1), and two reported molecules, nodulisporenones A (2) and B (3), were discovered from Pestalotiopsis sp. NBUF145 fungus associated with a 62 m deep mesophotic ("twilight") zone Chalinidae sponge. The structures of 1-3 were identified by spectrometry, spectroscopy, quantum-chemical calculations, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited bone marrow monocyte osteoclastogenesis in vitro with the IC50 values 4.2 ± 0.2 μM and 3.0 ± 0.4 μM, respectively, without observed cytotoxicity. Both 1 and 2 suppressed the receptor activator of NF-kB ligand-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2-JNK1/2-p38 MAPKs and NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunping Feng
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sitong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiabin Wu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Department of Science and Conservation, San Diego Botanic Garden, Encinitas, California 92024, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Diaz C, Foster NL, Attrill MJ, Bolton A, Ganderton P, Howell KL, Robinson E, Hosegood P. Mesophotic coral bleaching associated with changes in thermocline depth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6528. [PMID: 37845210 PMCID: PMC10579316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As global temperatures continue to rise, shallow coral reef bleaching has become more intense and widespread. Mesophotic coral ecosystems reside in deeper (30-150 m), cooler water and were thought to offer a refuge to shallow-water reefs. Studies now show that mesophotic coral ecosystems instead have limited connectivity with shallow corals but host diverse endemic communities. Given their extensive distribution and high biodiversity, understanding their susceptibility to warming oceans is imperative. In this multidisciplinary study of an atoll in the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean, we show evidence of coral bleaching at 90 m, despite the absence of shallow-water bleaching. We also show that the bleaching was associated with sustained thermocline deepening driven by the Indian Ocean Dipole, which might be further enhanced by internal waves whose influence varied at a sub-atoll scale. Our results demonstrate the potential vulnerability of mesophotic coral ecosystems to thermal stress and highlight the need for oceanographic knowledge to predict bleaching susceptibility and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Diaz
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Nicola L Foster
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Martin J Attrill
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Adam Bolton
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Peter Ganderton
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Kerry L Howell
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Edward Robinson
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Phil Hosegood
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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6
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Dong R, Li W, Wang P, Dong D, Song X, Li X. Effects of light intensity and photoperiod on the cultivation of the soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105856. [PMID: 36592545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse, productive ecosystems in the world, and light plays crucial role in its survival. Notably, the effects of light conditions on soft coral and its adaptive mechanism were unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of different light intensities (30, 80 and 130 μmol m-2 s-1) and photoperiods (18D:6L, 12D:12L and 6D:18L) on cultivation of soft coral Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. During two 50-day of the experiments, we monitored the zooxanthellae density, Chl a content, enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GST) and microbial diversity of S. trocheliophorum. Our study's outcomes found that, at the end of the experiment, the 80 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity group and 12D:12L photoperiod group both possessed the highest zooxanthellae density (2.54 × 108 ± 0.14 × 108 cells g-1 DW and 2.40 × 108 ± 0.07 × 108 cells g-1 DW, respectively), Chl a content (295.01 ± 14.13 μg g-1 DW and 287.78 ± 16.13 μg g-1 DW, respectively) and microbial diversity and relatively stable enzyme activities level. Besides, we speculated that the reason for the decline of zooxanthellae density, Chl a content and microbial diversity under other light conditions might be that it induced light stress and caused oxidative damage. The main bacterial composition of S. trocheliophorum in different light conditions was similar at the phylum level, showing the stability of microbial community structure. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant under all light conditions, so we hypothesized that these bacteria phylum play a crucial role in coral growth and survival. In conclusion, compared with the other treatments, 80 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity and 12D:12L photoperiod were more beneficial to the growth performance of S. trocheliophorum and could be recommended for its cultivation condition. Our study could provide helpful information for sustainable management plans for the cultivation and conservation of soft corals, which was especially important to the protection and restoration of degraded coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570000, China
| | - Peizheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Tropical Marine Living Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Dengpan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiefa Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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7
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Orejas C, Carreiro-Silva M, Mohn C, Reimer J, Samaai T, Allcock AL, Rossi S. Marine Animal Forests of the World: Definition and Characteristics. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e96274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The term Marine Animal Forest (MAF) was first described by Alfred Russel Wallace in his book “The Malay Archipelago” in 1869. The term was much later re-introduced and various descriptions of MAFs were presented in great detail as part of a book series. The international research and conservation communities have advocated for the future protection of MAFs and their integration into spatial plans and, in response, there are plans to include the characteristics of MAFs into national policies and international directives and conventions (i.e. IUCN, CBD, OSPAR, HELCOM, Barcelona Convention, European directives, ABJN policies etc.). Some MAF ecosystems are already included in international and national conservation and management initiatives, for instance, shallow water coral reefs (ICRI, ICRAN) or cold-water coral reefs and gardens and sponge aggregations (classified as Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems, VMEs), but not as a group together with other ecosystems with similar ecological roles. Marine Animal Forests can be found in all oceans, from shallow to deep waters. They are composed of megabenthic communities dominated by sessile suspension feeders (such as sponges, corals and bivalves) capable of producing three-dimensional frameworks with structural complexity that provide refuge for other species.
MAFs are diverse and often harbour highly endemic communities. Marine animal forests face direct anthropogenic threats and they are not protected in many regions, particularly in deep-sea environments. Even though MAFs have been already described in detail, there are still fundamental knowledge gaps regarding their geographical distribution and functioning. A workshop was dedicated to clarifying the definition of MAFs, characterising their structure and functioning, including delineating the ecosystem services that they provide and the threats upon them. The workshop was organised by Working Group 2 of the EU-COST Action “MAF-WORLD” (hereafter WG2), which is responsible for collating and promoting research on mapping, biogeography and biodiversity of MAFs, to identify and reduce these knowledge gaps. Herein, we report on this workshop and its outputs.
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8
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van Woesik R, Shlesinger T, Grottoli AG, Toonen RJ, Vega Thurber R, Warner ME, Marie Hulver A, Chapron L, McLachlan RH, Albright R, Crandall E, DeCarlo TM, Donovan MK, Eirin‐Lopez J, Harrison HB, Heron SF, Huang D, Humanes A, Krueger T, Madin JS, Manzello D, McManus LC, Matz M, Muller EM, Rodriguez‐Lanetty M, Vega‐Rodriguez M, Voolstra CR, Zaneveld J. Coral-bleaching responses to climate change across biological scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4229-4250. [PMID: 35475552 PMCID: PMC9545801 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The global impacts of climate change are evident in every marine ecosystem. On coral reefs, mass coral bleaching and mortality have emerged as ubiquitous responses to ocean warming, yet one of the greatest challenges of this epiphenomenon is linking information across scientific disciplines and spatial and temporal scales. Here we review some of the seminal and recent coral-bleaching discoveries from an ecological, physiological, and molecular perspective. We also evaluate which data and processes can improve predictive models and provide a conceptual framework that integrates measurements across biological scales. Taking an integrative approach across biological and spatial scales, using for example hierarchical models to estimate major coral-reef processes, will not only rapidly advance coral-reef science but will also provide necessary information to guide decision-making and conservation efforts. To conserve reefs, we encourage implementing mesoscale sanctuaries (thousands of km2 ) that transcend national boundaries. Such networks of protected reefs will provide reef connectivity, through larval dispersal that transverse thermal environments, and genotypic repositories that may become essential units of selection for environmentally diverse locations. Together, multinational networks may be the best chance corals have to persist through climate change, while humanity struggles to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to net zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert van Woesik
- Institute for Global EcologyFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | - Tom Shlesinger
- Institute for Global EcologyFlorida Institute of TechnologyMelbourneFloridaUSA
| | | | - Rob J. Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, KāneʻoheUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | | | - Mark E. Warner
- School of Marine Science and PolicyUniversity of DelawareLewesDelawareUSA
| | - Ann Marie Hulver
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Leila Chapron
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rowan H. McLachlan
- School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | | | - Eric Crandall
- Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Mary K. Donovan
- Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science and School of Geographical Sciences and Urban PlanningArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
| | - Jose Eirin‐Lopez
- Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Hugo B. Harrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Australian Institute of Marine ScienceTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Scott F. Heron
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Physics and Marine Geophysical LaboratoryJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas Krueger
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, KāneʻoheUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Derek Manzello
- Center for Satellite Applications and ResearchSatellite Oceanography & Climate DivisionNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Lisa C. McManus
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, KāneʻoheUniversity of Hawaiʻi at MānoaHonoluluHawaiiUSA
| | - Mikhail Matz
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesse Zaneveld
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of WashingtonBothellWashingtonUSA
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9
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Al-Karablieh N, Al-Horani FA, Alnaimat S, Abu Zarga M. Prevalence of Vibrio coralliilyticus in stony coral Porites sp. in the Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:460-469. [PMID: 35639047 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the health of stony coral Porites sp. based on the presence of bacterial pathogens, specifically Vibrio coralliilyticus, in the Gulf of Aqaba, and to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on Porites sp. Porites sp. specimens were collected from the Marine Science Station (MSS) and a public beach (Yamanyeh) in Jordan. Mucus, water, and sediment samples were collected throughout the year. The Vibrio-like population was higher in diseased samples than in healthy samples and was slightly higher in Yamanyeh than in MSS in all samples. In samples from both sites, there was a seasonal variation in the Vibrio-like population, with a decline in population as the temperature reduced. All samples contained virulent isolates clustered with V. coralliilyticus strains. Inoculation of healthy Porites sp. fragments with virulent isolates and V. coralliilyticus strain caused bleaching of the coral after 48 h. Therefore, V. coralliilyticus represents a pathogenic agent which may contribute to bleaching in Porites sp. in the Gulf of Aqaba and may not be affected considerably by anthropogenic activities. This is the first report of a bacterial pathogen of corals in Jordan; future studies should identify other coral pathogens in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehaya Al-Karablieh
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fuad A Al-Horani
- School of Marine Sciences, The University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan.,Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan
| | | | - Musa Abu Zarga
- Chemistry Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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10
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Pérez‐Rosales G, Pichon M, Rouzé H, Villeger S, Torda G, Bongaerts P, Carlot J, Parravicini V, Hédouin L, Bardout G, Fauchet J, Ferucci A, Gazzola F, Lagarrigue G, Leblond J, Marivint E, Mittau A, Mollon N, Paulme N, Périé‐Bardout E, Pete R, Pujolle S, Siu G. Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pérez‐Rosales
- PSL Research University EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Moorea French Polynesia
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan Cedex France
| | - Michel Pichon
- Biodiversity Section Queensland Museum Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Héloïse Rouzé
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan Cedex France
- Marine Laboratory University of Guam Mangilao Guam USA
| | | | - Gergely Torda
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Pim Bongaerts
- California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California USA
| | - Jeremey Carlot
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan Cedex France
| | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan Cedex France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- PSL Research University EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Moorea French Polynesia
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Université de Perpignan Perpignan Cedex France
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11
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Montgomery AD, Fenner D, Donahue MJ, Toonen RJ. Community similarity and species overlap between habitats provide insight into the deep reef refuge hypothesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23787. [PMID: 34893672 PMCID: PMC8664904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep reef refuge hypothesis (DRRH) postulates that mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) may provide a refuge for shallow coral reefs (SCRs). Understanding this process is an important conservation tool given increasing threats to coral reefs. To establish a better framework to analyze the DRRH, we analyzed stony coral communities in American Sāmoa across MCEs and SCRs to describe the community similarity and species overlap to test the foundational assumption of the DRRH. We suggest a different approach to determine species as depth specialists or generalists that changes the conceptual role of MCEs and emphasizes their importance in conservation planning regardless of their role as a refuge or not. This further encourages a reconsideration of a broader framework for the DRRH. We found 12 species of corals exclusively on MCEs and 183 exclusively on SCRs with another 63 species overlapping between depth zones. Of these, 19 appear to have the greatest potential to serve as reseeding species. Two additional species are listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, Acropora speciosa and Fimbriaphyllia paradivisa categorized as an occasional deep specialist and a deep exclusive species, respectively. Based on the community distinctiveness and minimal species overlap of SCR and MCE communities, we propose a broader framework by evaluating species overlap across coral reef habitats. This provides an opportunity to consider the opposite of the DRRH where SCRs support MCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Montgomery
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA. .,Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI, 96850, USA.
| | - Douglas Fenner
- Pacific Islands Regional Office, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Linker, Inc., Pago Pago, AS, 96799, USA
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
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12
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Medeiros APM, Ferreira BP, Alvarado F, Betancur-R R, Soares MO, Santos BA. Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow-water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:4413-4427. [PMID: 33976819 PMCID: PMC8093723 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep reef refugia hypothesis (DRRH) predicts that deep reef ecosystems may act as refugium for the biota of disturbed shallow waters. Because deep reefs are among the most understudied habitats on Earth, formal tests of the DRRH remain scarce. If the DRRH is valid at the community level, the diversity of species, functions, and lineages of fish communities of shallow reefs should be encapsulated in deep reefs.We tested the DRRH by assessing the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of 22 Brazilian fish communities between 2 and 62 m depth. We partitioned the gamma diversity of shallow (<30 m) and deep reefs (>30 m) into independent alpha and beta components, accounted for species' abundance, and assessed whether beta patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover or nestedness.We recorded 3,821 fishes belonging to 85 species and 36 families. Contrary to DRRH expectations, only 48% of the species occurred in both shallow and deep reefs. Alpha diversity of rare species was higher in deep reefs as expected, but alpha diversity of typical and dominant species did not vary with depth. Alpha functional diversity was higher in deep reefs only for rare and typical species, but not for dominant species. Alpha phylogenetic diversity was consistently higher in deep reefs, supporting DRRH expectations.Profiles of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity indicated that deep reefs were not more heterogeneous than shallow reefs, contradicting expectations of biotic homogenization near sea surface. Furthermore, pairwise beta-diversity analyses revealed that the patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover rather than nestedness at any depth. Conclusions. Although some results support the DRRH, most indicate that the shallow-water reef fish diversity is not fully encapsulated in deep reefs. Every reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and must be managed and protected accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P M Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Beatrice P Ferreira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Fredy Alvarado
- Departamento de Agricultura Centro de Ciências Humanas Sociais e Agrárias Universidade Federal da Paraíba Bananeiras PB Brazil
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology The University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR Universidade Federal do Ceará Meireles Brazil
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA) Università del Salento Lecce Italy
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Universidade Federal da Paraíba João Pessoa PB Brazil
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13
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Depth-dependent parental effects create invisible barriers to coral dispersal. Commun Biol 2021; 4:202. [PMID: 33589736 PMCID: PMC7884412 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, marine populations were considered to be interconnected across large geographic regions due to the lack of apparent physical barriers to dispersal, coupled with a potentially widely dispersive pelagic larval stage. Recent studies, however, are providing increasing evidence of small-scale genetic segregation of populations across habitats and depths, separated in some cases by only a few dozen meters. Here, we performed a series of ex-situ and in-situ experiments using coral larvae of three brooding species from contrasting shallow- and deep-water reef habitats, and show that their settlement success, habitat choices, and subsequent survival are substantially influenced by parental effects in a habitat-dependent manner. Generally, larvae originating from deep-water corals, which experience less variable conditions, expressed more specific responses than shallow-water larvae, with a higher settlement success in simulated parental-habitat conditions. Survival of juvenile corals experimentally translocated to the sea was significantly lower when not at parental depths. We conclude that local adaptations and parental effects alongside larval selectivity and phenotype-environment mismatches combine to create invisible semipermeable barriers to coral dispersal and connectivity, leading to habitat-dependent population segregation. Tom Shlesinger and Yossi Loya use ex-situ and in-situ experiments with coral larvae of three brooding species from contrasting shallow- and deep-water habitats and show that larvae originating from deep-water corals have narrower tolerances and higher habitat-specificity in simulated parental-habitat conditions. They also show that survival of juvenile corals experimentally translocated to the sea was significantly lower when not at parental depths. Together these results demonstrate that local adaptations and parental effects interact with larval selectivity and phenotype-environment mismatches to create semipermeable barriers to coral dispersal and connectivity.
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14
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Soares MDO, Matos E, Lucas C, Rizzo L, Allcock L, Rossi S. Microplastics in corals: An emergent threat. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111810. [PMID: 33142139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article seeks to present a summary of knowledge and thus improve awareness of microplastic impacts on corals. Recent research suggests that microplastics have a variety of species-specific impacts. Among them, a reduced growth, a substantial decrease of detoxifying and immunity enzymes, an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity, high production of mucus, reduction of fitness, and negative effects on coral-Symbiodiniaceae relationships have been highlighted in recent papers. In addition to this, tissue necrosis, lower fertilization success, alteration of metabolite profiles, energetic costs, decreased skeletal growth and calcification, and coral bleaching have been observed under significant concentrations of microplastics. Furthermore, impairment of feeding performance and food intake, changes in photosynthetic performance and increased exposure to contaminants, pathogens and other harmful compounds have also been found. In conclusion, microplastics may cause a plethora of impacts on corals in shallow, mesophotic, and deep-sea zones at different latitudes; underlining an emerging threat globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Eliana Matos
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lucas
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Louise Allcock
- Ryan Institute & School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207 Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
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15
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Soares MDO, Salani S, Paiva SV, Braga MDA. Shipwrecks help invasive coral to expand range in the Atlantic Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111394. [PMID: 32753180 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The invasive coral Tubastraea tagusensis (sun coral) is a habitat-forming species currently increasing its geographical range into the Atlantic Ocean, thereby causing negative ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Scuba divers observed this coral in the western equatorial Atlantic in January 2020, growing at high densities on a shipwreck from World War II (sunk in 1943) at a depth of approximately 32 m. Available footage from the beginning of the decade (2012-2018) shows no obvious signs of sun coral on this shipwreck, suggesting recent colonization and range expansion. The recent evidence of expansion was found 200 km east of the last record, which was also found on a WWII shipwreck (sunk in 1942) in 2016. We have identified hundreds of overlooked WWII shipwrecks, as well as new wrecks in shallow and mesophotic waters, that may provide stepping-stone habitats for this coral to expand its distribution in the Atlantic. We discuss the role of shipwrecks as a network of stepping stones for the sun coral spread, creating complementary paths for the invasiveness by overcoming physiological traits and the short lifespan of the coral larvae. Previous research underestimates the importance of these artificial stepping-stone patches in sustaining crucial dispersal events and range expansion of invasive species. These results are a call to action to manage the invasive Tubastraea corals at a national and international scale in the Atlantic basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sula Salani
- TAXPO - Laboratório de Taxonomia de Porifera, Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Bentos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco E, s/n, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sandra Vieira Paiva
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcus Davis Andrade Braga
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Mar do Ceará Ltda., Fortaleza, Brazil
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