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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Du J, Hong B. Comparative analysis of visual-thermal perceptions and emotional responses in outdoor open spaces: Impacts of look-up vs. look-forward viewing perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02755-w. [PMID: 39153136 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Horizontal and vertical viewing perspectives exert varying influences on the environmental perceptions and emotional states of college students. Despite this, scant research addresses the impact on this demographic. We selected typical campus open spaces for comprehensive physical parameter assessments, encompassing meteorological and spatial characteristics. A cohort of 36 healthy college students participated in a questionnaire survey designed to ascertain shifts in visual comfort, thermal comfort, and emotional responses when viewing landscapes in look-forward and look-up orientations. Key findings following both viewing modalities included: 1) a notable rise in mean visual comfort vote (MVCV), by 1.22 for look-forward and 1.01 for look-up, with a pronouncedly higher sunlight sensation vote (SSV) for the latter orientation; 2) a significant increase in thermal comfort vote (TCV), although the difference in increments between the two viewing angles was minimal; 3) Positive affect (PA) exhibited considerable improvement in both viewing conditions, while negative affect (NA) was markedly reduced in the look-up condition relative to look-forward viewing; 4) The SSV was predominantly influenced by the trunk ratio and canopy-to-trunk ratio, with substantial weights of 31.47% and 32.15%, respectively. Landscape element diversity emerged as the most critical factor affecting visual comfort vote (VCV) and aesthetic assessment score (AAS), with overwhelming weights of 70.67% and 63.15%, respectively. Moreover, the leaf ratio was identified as the chief determinant of emotional responses. Our results provide insights into the design of campus spaces for enhanced student well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | | | - Xiaoxi Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianghui Du
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bo Hong
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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2
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Du M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Nian X, Hong B. How outdoor horticultural activities affect elderly adults' thermal, physiological and psychological responses: a field study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1-14. [PMID: 38564032 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We recruited 162 healthy elderly adults to determine the thermal, physiological, and psychological effects of horticultural activities (flower arranging, transplanting, and rubble masonry) in outdoor open spaces. We linked these to local climate conditions, physiology, and comfort through a questionnaire survey. The results showed that: (1) the neutral physiological equivalent temperature (NPET) before the horticultural activities were 22.18 ℃ for flower arranging, 23.67 ℃ for transplanting, and 20.78 ℃ for rubble masonry, while the NPET decreased to 18.53 ℃, 20.73 ℃ and 18.04 ℃ (respectively) after activities. (2) The heart rate and blood oxygen saturation changed significantly (p < 0.05) only after rubble masonry. (3) The average positive affect (PA) scores increased after flower arranging by 4.83, transplanting by 3.30, and rubble masonry by 4.00. (4) After activities, the thermal sensation vote was mainly influenced by globe temperature (41.36%), air temperature (33.47%), and wind speed (25.17%). Thermal comfort vote could be promoted because of 37.35% of an increasing positive and 21.20% of decreasing negative emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Du
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Nian
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Bo Hong
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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3
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Liu T, Wang S, Zhang J, He L, Cheng B, Peng H, Liu F, Tan B, Shang X, Liu F. Investigating the impact of a large river and its surrounding contextual conditions on pedestrians' summer thermal perceptions in a Cfa-climate city. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13833. [PMID: 38879592 PMCID: PMC11180133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermal comfort studies are usually employed to find subjective thermal responses [indicated by neutral temperature (NT), i.e. the temperature with no thermal stress] of residents from a region towards thermal environments. According to the recently published works in the literature, NTs are affected by many factors, such as geographical location and microenvironments. To elucidate the origins of these effects, the impact of microenvironment elements around a water surface on pedestrians' thermal perceptions was systematically investigated in this work. The Fujiang River (FJR) in Mianyang City was taken as the sample site. The municipal meteorology station is located next to the site by around 2.5 km. By performing meteorology measurements combining questionnaires, it was found that the riverside NT (indicated by physiologically equivalent temperature, PET) of Mianyang in the summer of 2023 was 21.4 °C. The relationship between the distance from the water (DFW) and NT was quadratic linear. The same phenomenon took place by using either PET or Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) indexes. Meanwhile, the meteorological contexts also affected NTs, including relative humidity (RH) and air velocity (Va). Regarding RH, the NPET increased from 15.2 °C (RH = 50%) to 26.9 °C (RH = 90%). In contrast, the NPET dropped from 23.0 to - 50.6 °C when the Va increased from 0.2 to 2.5 m/s, respectively. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that human thermal responses are significantly affected by both the microenvironmental and meteorological backgrounds around the water surface. Our work provides valuable insights for the proper use of water surfaces in urban design for adjusting thermal comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China.
| | - Lintai He
- Mianyang Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Mianyang, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Huiyun Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Fanchun Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Bo Tan
- Sichuan Changhong Development, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Shang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Qin H, Chen J, Niu J, Huo J, Wei X, Yan J, Han G. The effects of brightness and prominent colors on outdoor thermal perception in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:1143-1154. [PMID: 38509399 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Outdoor thermal comfort has become an important factor affecting human mental and physical health due to rapid urbanization. This study aimed to investigate the influence of brightness and prominent colors on thermal perception in hot summer and cold winter regions. Meteorological measurements were conducted accompanied by subjective thermal and visual questionnaires (n = 2020) during summer and winter. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied as thermal indices to evaluate the influence of visual conditions on thermal perception. The results showed that (1) the neutral PET is 20.2 °C with a range of 14.8 ~ 25.7 °C in Chongqing and neutral illumination range is 0 ~ 8663 lx. (2) Thermal sensitivity is most great in neutral brightness than bright and too bright groups. The influence of outdoor prominent colors in winter supports hue-heat hypothesis. However, in summer, result only supports the hypothesis under low thermal stress. Both cool and warm colors can reduce the thermal sensitivity of visitors compared to neutral colors (gray and white). (3) The interactions between colors and brightness are more obvious under low thermal stress levels. (4) Thermal perceptions of females are more greatly affected by brightness and prominent colors compared with males. These results could help landscape designers better understand the correlation between the thermal and visual environments and provide a reference for comprehensive designs of urban open spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Qin
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jingeng Huo
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xuelin Wei
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jie Yan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723000, China
| | - Guifeng Han
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area of Education Ministry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring, Evaluation and Early Warning of Territorial Spatial Planning Implementation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Xiao A, Cheng B, Zhang J, Peng H, Lai Y, Zeng F, Liu T, Zhu F. A study of acoustic-light-thermal effects on pedestrians' overall comfort in a Cfa-climate campus during the summer. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103839. [PMID: 38569325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The environmental quality, in terms of acoustic, visual, and thermal environments, significantly affects people's comfort levels. Along these lines, in this work, their comprehensive impact on people's overall comfort was systematically explored. Pedestrians' outdoor neutral points on various environmental parameters were found by performing linear regressions. Similarly, people's thermal perceptions (indicated by neutral temperatures, NT) were found to vary for both acoustic and light environments. They would be increasingly heat sensitive (R2 increases) in a noisier environment while the NTs varied for either sound or light intensity levels. From our analysis, it was demonstrated that people's overall comforts were negatively correlated with these parameters in different degrees. This work provides valuable insights for future urban design and planning studies to create better outdoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyan Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Huiyun Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yumao Lai
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fanxi Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Han J, Liu X. Study on the outdoor thermal comfort of college students under different activity intensities in a high-altitude climate zone. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1365470. [PMID: 38562254 PMCID: PMC10982489 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research on the outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) of a university campus is beneficial to the physical and mental health of college students. Methods In this study, the OTC of students attending Tibet University in Lhasa, which experiences high-altitude cold climate conditions, under different activity intensities was studied using field measurements and a questionnaire survey. Results With the increase in activity intensity, the comfort physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) value gradually increased in summer, while the comfortable PET value gradually decreased in winter. The most comfortable PET value is 17.6°C in summer and 11.5°C in winter. The neutral PET of Tibetan college students during outdoor activities in summer was 16.3°C, and the neutral PET of outdoor activities in winter was 12.1°C. Gender and ethnicity had different effects on thermal sensation under different activity intensities. Under vigorous-intensity activities, PET in winter and summer had the greatest influence on thermal sensation. The situation was different under moderate-intensity activity. PET had the greatest influence on thermal sensation in summer, and Tmrt had the greatest influence on thermal sensation in winter. Discussion These findings provide a basis for an improved design of the outdoor environment under different outdoor activity intensities in high-altitude areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaqin Han
- School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Ding Y, Lee C, Chen X, Song Y, Newman G, Lee R, Lee S, Li D, Sohn W. Exploring the association between campus environment of higher education and student health: A systematic review of findings and measures. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2024; 91:128168. [PMID: 38313064 PMCID: PMC10835873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2023.128168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between the neighborhood environments and residents' health. However, other important settings, such as university campuses, have received little attention. This paper conducted a systematic review and synthesized existing empirical works examining the association between the university/college campuses built and natural environments and students' health. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched nine databases using keywords related to higher-education campuses and health-related outcomes. A total of 19 articles were identified, including fifteen cross-sectional studies, three experimental studies, and one longitudinal study. The majority of the studies were conducted in Asian countries and published in the past five years. The findings indicate that active transportation infrastructure, such as increased road intersections and better walkability, were found to be positively associated with students' physical activity. The natural environments, including perceived naturalness, blue space, and greenness was shown to support student's mental health and quality of life. Specifically, blue space was found to be the most preferred place for mental restoration, and scattered trees demonstrated a supportive effect in reducing depression symptoms. Even just viewing virtual trees had a restorative effect and feel less anxiety. Additionally, during the summer, tree shadows were identified as the most important factors for enhancing thermal comfort. This review emphasizes the crucial role of campus environments in promoting college students' health. Future longitudinal studies and investigations using multiple campuses would provide a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Such endeavors can contribute to the development of evidence-based strategies for designing and planning healthy campus environments that optimize students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Ding
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Chanam Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Ryunjung Lee
- School of Architecture and Planning, University of Texas at San Antonio, United States
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Wonmin Sohn
- School of Planning, Design & Construction, Michigan State University, United States
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Huang D, He F, Liu W. Using geospatial trajectories to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the associations between environmental attributes and runnability of park trails. Health Place 2023; 84:103145. [PMID: 37976914 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the associated social distancing measures have produced alterations in park visits of individuals, as well as their park-based physical activity (e.g. running exercise). Although studies on the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in running activity patterns are becoming an emerging focus, less is known about how these changes are related to the environmental attributes of parks before and after the pandemic, the knowledge of which is essential to planning green infrastructure that better supports physical activities. Therefore, we employed a volunteered geographic information approach to investigate the runnability of park trails in Shenzhen, utilizing self-tracking routes from Strava, in order to uncover the associations between trail characteristics and park features with the running intensity before and after the pandemic. Multilevel regression model analyses revealed that trail network connectivity was the only environmental attribute indicating consistent and positive associations with running intensity. Blue space density was positively correlated with running intensity in urban parks but indicated no significant association in forest parks before the pandemic. In the pre-pandemic era, population density was positively related to running intensity in urban and forest parks. However, after the pandemic, the associations between running behaviours and population density remained positive in forest parks but turned insignificant in urban parks. The outbreak of the pandemic also altered the influence of other park features (e.g. park shape and trail density) on running intensity. The evidence-based knowledge provides planners with significant insights into pandemic-resilient park planning for the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengkai Huang
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Shenzhen, China; Lab for Optimizing Design of Built Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fang He
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen Meidao Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Institute of Beautiful China, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Li Z, Yang B, Zhou B, Wang F, Li A. Thermal responses in temporarily occupied space in the summer: Spatial-temporal synergetic alliesthesia using a ceiling fan. JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2023; 76:107119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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10
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Zhou Z, Dong L. Experimental investigation of the effect of surgical masks on outdoor thermal comfort in Xiamen, China. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2023; 229:109893. [PMID: 36514557 PMCID: PMC9733126 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed people's lifestyles, and wearing surgical masks in outdoor public spaces has become commonplace. However, few studies have explored the impact of wearing masks on outdoor thermal comfort in different seasons. From May 2021 to February 2022, a series of longitudinal experiments were conducted in Xiamen, China to examine the effect of wearing surgical masks on outdoor thermal comfort. Forty-two participants took part in the experiments with and without masks. During the experiments, the thermal perceptions of the subjects and environmental thermal parameters were collected. Differences in outdoor thermal comfort between subjects wearing masks and those not wearing masks were determined in summer, autumn, and winter. Results showed that 1) the subjects wearing masks had lower neutral temperatures, and this difference was particularly pronounced in summer and exacerbated by walking; 2) in warm environments, masks reduced thermal comfort, and discomfort associated with masks was worse when walking than when sitting; 3) wearing masks significantly worsened facial comfort and increased chest discomfort, as summer turned to winter, the impact of masks on facial comfort decreased; 4) radiation and air temperature were the environmental parameters with the greatest impact on outdoor thermal sensation. Subjects who wore masks preferred lower temperatures, radiation, and humidity, and higher wind speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhou
- School of Architecture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Architecture, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Zhang H, Guo F, Liu K, Wang J, Dong J, Zhu P. Spatial differences in thermal comfort in summer in coastal areas: A study on Dalian, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024757. [PMID: 36304242 PMCID: PMC9592985 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal comfort is an important indicator for evaluating the environment of urban public space, and appropriate thermal comfort can effectively prolong the duration of outdoor activities. In the existing studies, there is a lack of thermal comfort comparison between hot spots and cold spots. In this study, we selected the coastal city of Dalian in China as our study area and conducted field investigations on the thermal comfort of two landmark resorts, namely, a downtown commercial street and coastal leisure park. The study was conducted on typical summer days and consisted of interviewing several residents to understand their thermal comfort requirements. We investigated the thermal expectations of the interviewees through meteorological measurements and questionnaires. The universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was used to determine the thermal benchmarks of the on-site subjects. The results indicated that (1) globe temperature and air temperature were the most important factors that affected thermal comfort, followed by relative humidity and wind speed in summer daytime. (2) Shaded spaces are more comfortable than open spaces, and tree shade is preferred over artificial shade in coastal park. (3) The neutral UTCI (NUTCI) of the respondents were 24.1°C (coastal park) and 26.0°C (commercial street); the neutral UTCI ranges (NUTCIR) were 20.8-27.4°C (coastal park) and 23.3-28.7°C (commercial street). (4) The upper thermal acceptable range limits of the coastal park and commercial street were 30.2 and 32.1°C, respectively, which were substantially higher than the upper NUTCIR limit, indicating that the residents in Dalian were well-adapted to hot weather. The results can provide a good reference for determining ideal design strategies to optimize the thermal environment of urban outdoor recreation spaces in summers and improve the quality of life in coastal cities.
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12
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Cureau RJ, Pigliautile I, Kousis I, Pisello AL. Multi-domain human-oriented approach to evaluate human comfort in outdoor environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2033-2045. [PMID: 35943584 PMCID: PMC9361257 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human comfort outdoors is widely investigated, but most studies explore the comfort domains singularly. This paper aimed to evaluate human comfort in parks, verifying the importance of using a multi-domain (simultaneously evaluating thermal, visual, acoustic, and air quality) and multi-disciplinary (combining environmental and social fields) approach. A walk through a pre-defined path from one park to another was repeated twice per day on four consecutive days in June, with three participants per walk. The two investigated parks are in central Italy and were chosen because they differ in their design and spatial characteristics. Environmental data were recorded with an innovative wearable device during the whole walk, and surveys were used to assess people's perceptions of the parks. Despite observed differences in collected physical parameters, the survey's responses were similar, and different comfort domains showed dependence on each other in the two parks. Logistic regression models were developed for each park, and they revealed that the qualitative information predicted the overall comfort level more accurately than the environmental data. In detail, the models based on environmental data resulted in R2 equal to 0.126 and 0.111 in Parks 1 and 2, respectively, whereas using the survey answers increased it up to 0.820 (Park 1) and 0.806 (Park 2). This study contributes to addressing the gap in multi-domain comfort studies outdoors and confirms the importance of using multi-disciplinary and multi-domain approaches for a complete comfort analysis, supporting holistic human-biometeorology-oriented models and forecasting opportunities that can promote improvements in urban environmental quality and liveability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jacoby Cureau
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pigliautile
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Kousis
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Pisello
- CIRIAF - Interuniversity Research Center on Pollution and Environment Mauro Felli - University of Perugia, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125, Perugia, Italy.
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13
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A study of physical factors influencing park cooling intensities and their effects in different time of the day. J Therm Biol 2022; 109:103336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen T, Pan H, Lu M, Hang J, Lam CKC, Yuan C, Pearlmutter D. Effects of tree plantings and aspect ratios on pedestrian visual and thermal comfort using scaled outdoor experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149527. [PMID: 34416606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban trees ameliorate heat stress for urban dwellers. However, it is difficult to quantitatively assess the integrated impacts of tree planting and street layouts on visual and thermal comfort in simulations and urban field experiments. We conducted scaled outdoor experiments in Guangzhou to investigate the influence of tree plantings on pedestrian visual and thermal comfort in street canyons with various aspect ratios (H/W = 1, 2, 3; H = 1.2 m). We considered the effects of tree crown covers (big and small crown) and tree planting densities (ρ = 1, 0.5) on pedestrian illuminance level and two thermal comfort indices (Physiological Equivalent Temperature: PET and Index of Thermal Stress: ITS). When ρ = 1, trees in most cases reduce pedestrian illuminance (maximum 140.0klux) and improve visual comfort. Decreasing ρ from 1 to 0.5 increases the illuminance (maximum 179.5klux) in the streets with big crown trees (H/W = 1, 2) and in the street with small crown trees (H/W = 2). When ρ = 1 (H/W = 1, 2), big crown trees decrease the peak daytime PET (by about 4.0 °C) and ITS (by about 285 W). Small crown trees (ρ = 1, H/W = 1, 2) produce a warming effect on peak daytime PET (2.0-3.0 °C), but a reduction in ITS is observed when H/W = 2, 3. After reducing ρ from 1 to 0.5, big crown trees increase peak daytime thermal stress according to both indices when H/W = 1, 2. Small crown trees exhibit a similar PET cycle between ρ = 0.5 and ρ = 1 across various H/W, but their daytime reduction of ITS is less effective when ρ = 0.5 (H/W = 2). The discrepancies between PET and ITS are attributed to their different approaches to modelling radiation fluxes. The narrower the street, the lower the illuminance, PET, and ITS, while their increases caused by reduced ρ are limited in narrow streets. Our study informs some potential urban tree planting strategies and produces high-quality validation data for numerical simulations and theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihan Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haonan Pan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mengrong Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cho Kwong Charlie Lam
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Pearlmutter
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
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15
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Ma X, Tian Y, Du M, Hong B, Lin B. How to design comfortable open spaces for the elderly? Implications of their thermal perceptions in an urban park. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144985. [PMID: 33736312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elderly residents are prominent users of urban parks and comfortable open spaces in parks have been shown to improve their physical health and mental well-being. In this study, the thermal perceptions (thermal sensation, thermal comfort and thermal acceptability) of elderly visitors to an urban park in Xi'an, China was investigated using meteorological measurements, questionnaire surveys and activity records. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was used to determine thermal benchmarks. Spatial-temporal distributions of the elderly in open spaces were recorded and relationships among elderly residents' thermal perceptions, their age and chronic disease were analyzed. Finally, optimal design strategies for open spaces suitable for the elderly were proposed based on meteorological characteristics, elderly residents' attendance patterns and their thermal perceptions. Results showed that: 1) globe temperature (Tg) and air temperature (Ta) were the primary meteorological factors that influenced elderly residents' thermal sensation while clothing insulation and activity intensity were negatively correlated with their thermal sensation. 2) Attendance was significantly affected by the outdoor microclimate, space functionality and facilities in spaces. The elderly mainly participated in dynamic activities and social interaction. 3) The neutral PET (NPET) was 13.2 °C, with NPET range (NPETR) of 3.1-23.2 °C. The 90% thermal acceptable PET ranged between 10.9 and 25.9 °C, and the preferred PET was 14.4 °C. Compared with the ISO7730 standard, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) elderly park users was lower than users of indoor spaces when -1 ≤ MTSV ≤ + 1, indicating that the elderly preferred to conduct activities outside when the environment was comfortable. Additionally, NPET for the elderly with respiratory disease was higher than those with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. 4) Optimal design strategies for open spaces were proposed for elderly residents based on their physical, physiological and psychological preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Meng Du
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bo Hong
- College of Landscape Architecture & Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Borong Lin
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Eco Planning & Green Building, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, China
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16
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Lam CKC, Gao Y, Yang H, Chen T, Zhang Y, Ou C, Hang J. Interactive effect between long-term and short-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort: Comparison between Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Melbourne. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:144141. [PMID: 33341630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal history can influence human thermal comfort through physiological (short-term) and psychological (long-term) aspects. However, the nature of the interaction between long-term and short-term thermal history is unclear. To investigate the interactive effects of long-term and short-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort, we conducted summer thermal comfort surveys in Melbourne (n = 3293, January-February 2014), Guangzhou, and Zhuhai (n = 4304, September 2018). The mean thermal sensation of residents of Guangzhou was higher than that of Melbourne and Zhuhai residents under a similar Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) range. The preferred UTCI was the highest for Melbourne residents (19.62 °C). When UTCI was 25.6-38.4 °C, respondents' mean thermal sensation from Köppen climate zones A, B, and C was significantly higher in Guangzhou than those of Zhuhai and Melbourne. A three-way ANOVA test revealed that peoples' thermal sensations depended on a significant interaction among UTCI thermal stress levels, climate zones, and prior exposure environment. The prior exposure environment could affect the difference in thermal perception between climate zones. However, there was no significant interaction between climate zones and activity engaged in before taking the survey on thermal sensation. The difference in the thermal perception of various climate zones diminished under universally uncomfortable conditions for specific prior exposure environments and activities. The socio-ecological system model, environmental perception theory, climatocultural adaptation, and alliesthesia are useful for understanding the interactive effect of long- and short-term thermal history on outdoor thermal comfort. By revealing how people adapt to different climatic environments, our results can help ensure that people with diverse climatic backgrounds can experience thermal comfort outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Kwong Charlie Lam
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taihan Chen
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiyun Ou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangzhou, China.
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Comparative Study on the Cooling Effects of Green Space Patterns in Waterfront Build-Up Blocks: An Experience from Shanghai. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228684. [PMID: 33238472 PMCID: PMC7700697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different structural patterns of waterfront green space networks in built-up areas have different synergistic cooling characteristics in cities. This study’s aim is to determine what kinds of spatial structures and morphologies of waterfront green spaces offer a good cooling effect, combined with three different typical patterns in Shanghai. A multidimensional spatial influence variable system based on the cooling effect was constructed to describe the spatial structural and morphological factors of the green space network. The ENVI-met 4.3 software, developed by Michael Bruse at Bochum, German, was used to simulate the microclimate distribution data, combined with the boosted regression tree (BRT) model and the correlation analysis method. The results showed that at the network level, the distance from the water body and the connectivity of green space had a stronger cooling correlation. The orientation of green corridors consistent with a summer monsoon had larger cooling effect ranges. In terms of spatial morphology, the vegetation sky view factor (SVF) and Vegetation Surface Albedo (VSAlbedo) had an important correlation with air temperature (T), and the green corridor with a 20–25 m width had the largest marginal effect on cooling. These results will provide useful guidance for urban climate adaptive planning and design.
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