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Raajaraam L, Raman K. Modeling Microbial Communities: Perspective and Challenges. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2260-2270. [PMID: 39148432 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities are immensely important due to their widespread presence and profound impact on various facets of life. Understanding these complex systems necessitates mathematical modeling, a powerful tool for simulating and predicting microbial community behavior. This review offers a critical analysis of metabolic modeling and highlights key areas that would greatly benefit from broader discussion and collaboration. Moreover, we explore the challenges and opportunities linked to the intricate nature of these communities, spanning data generation, modeling, and validation. We are confident that ongoing advancements in modeling techniques, such as machine learning, coupled with interdisciplinary collaborations, will unlock the full potential of microbial communities across diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Raajaraam
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Karthik Raman
- Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Centre for Integrative Biology and Systems mEdicine, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Robert Bosch Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (RBCDSAI), IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Data Science and AI, Wadhwani School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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2
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Fernández-Domínguez D, Sourdon L, Pérémé M, Guilayn F, Steyer JP, Patureau D, Jimenez J. Retention time and organic loading rate as anaerobic co-digestion key-factors for better digestate valorization practices: C and N dynamics in soils. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 181:1-10. [PMID: 38564968 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The growing use of anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) in processing organic waste has led to a significant digestate production. To effectively recycle digestate back into soils, it is crucial to understand how operational variables in the AcoD process influence the conversion of organic matter (OM). To address this, a combination of biochemical fractionation and various soil incubation tests were employed to assess the stability of OM in digestates generated from anaerobic continuous reactors fed with a food waste-hay mixture and operating at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) and organic loading rates (OLR). This study revealed that digester performance and operating parameters impacted carbon dynamics in soils. A decrease in the carbon mineralization in soils when increasing the HRT was reported (48 ± 4 % for 70 days compared to 59 ± 1 % for 42 days). Specific HRT and OLR values were found to be linked to carbon accessibility and complexity, confirming that longer HRT lead to higher OM removal and increased complexity in soluble OM, despite minor discrepancies in relative carbon distribution. Furthermore, comparable rates of nitrogen mineralization in soils were observed for all digestates, consistent with the accessibility of nitrogen from the particulate OM. Nevertheless, AcoD converted substrates with the potential to immobilize nitrogen in soils into fast-acting fertilizers. In summary, this study underscores the importance of controlling the AcoD performances to evaluate the suitability of digestates for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan Sourdon
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Margaud Pérémé
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Felipe Guilayn
- SUEZ, CIRSEE, 38 rue du President Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | | | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Julie Jimenez
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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Jiang X, Li Z, Lin K, Zhao Y, Su L, Wu T, Zhou T. Enhancement of anaerobic digestion from food waste via inert substances based on metagenomic analysis: Oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118033. [PMID: 38157957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The application of anaerobic digestion (AD) in the treatment of food waste (FW) has become widespread. However, the presence of inert substances, such as bones, ceramics, and shells, within FW introduces a degree of uncertainty into the AD process. To clarify this intricate issue, this study conducted an in-depth investigation into the influence of inert substances on AD. The results revealed that when inert substances were present at a concentration of 0.08 g/g VSS, methane productivity in the AD process was significantly augmented by 86%. Subsequent investigations suggested that this positive effect was primarily evident in various biochemical processes, including solubilization, hydrolysis acidification, methanogenesis, and the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances. Metagenomic analysis showed that inert substances enhance the relative abundance of hydrolytic bacteria and have a pronounced impact on the relative abundance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanosarcina) and acetotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium). Additionally, inert substances significantly increased the relative abundance of functional genes in oxidative phosphorylation, a pivotal pathway for ATP synthesis. Furthermore, inert substances had a substantial effect on the functional genes related to the metabolic pathways associated with methanogenesis (both hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic). This comprehensive study shed light on the substantial impact of inert substances on the AD of food waste, contributing to an enhanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms of anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupeng Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zongsheng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunsen Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lianghu Su
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, China.
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Fernández-Domínguez D, Yekta SS, Hedenström M, Patureau D, Jimenez J. Deciphering the contribution of microbial biomass to the properties of dissolved and particulate organic matter in anaerobic digestates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162882. [PMID: 36934942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The recalcitrant structures either from substrate or microbial biomass contained in digestates after anaerobic digestion (AD) highly influence digestate valorization. To properly assess the microbial biomass contribution to the digested organic matter (OM), a combination of characterization methods and the use of various substrate types in anaerobic continuous reactors was required. The use of totally biodegradable substrates allowed detecting soluble microbial products via fluorescence spectroscopy at emission wavelengths of 420 and 460 nm while the protein-like signature was enhanced by the whey protein. During reactors' operation, a transfer of complex compounds to the dissolved OM from the particulate OM was observed through fluorescence applied on biochemical fractionation. Consequently, the fluorescence complexity index of the dissolved OM increased from 0.59-0.60 to 1.06-1.07, whereas it decreased inversely for the extractable soluble from the particulate OM from 1.16-1.19 to 0.42-0.54. Accordingly, fluorescence regional integration showed differences among reactors based on visual inspection and orthogonal partial latent structures (OPLS) analysis. Similarly, the impact of the substrate type and operation time on the particulate OM was revealed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance using OPLS, providing a good model (R2X = 0.93 and Q2 = 0.8) with a clear time-trend. A high signal resonated at ∼30 ppm attributed to CH2-groups in the aliphatic chain of lipid-like structure besides carbohydrates intensities at 60-110 ppm distinguished the reactor fed with whey protein from the other, which was mostly biomass related. Indeed, this latter displayed a higher presence of peptidoglycan (δH/C: 1.6-2.0/20-25 ppm) derived from microbial biomass by 1H-13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance. Interestingly, the sample distribution obtained by non-metric multidimensional scaling of bacterial communities resembled the attained using 13C NMR properties, opening new research perspectives. Overall, this study discloses the microbial biomass contribution to digestates composition to improve the OM transformation mechanism knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepehr Shakeri Yekta
- Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change and Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Julie Jimenez
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des étangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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Yan X, Deng P, Ding T, Zhang Z, Li X, Wu Z. Effect of Temperature on Anaerobic Fermentation of Poplar Ethanol Wastewater: Performance and Microbial Communities. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5486-5496. [PMID: 36816634 PMCID: PMC9933484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Temperature plays an important role in anaerobic digestion (AD), and different substrates have different optimum temperatures in AD. However, the effect of temperature on the performance of AD when cellulosic ethanol wastewater was used as a substrate was rarely reported. Therefore, the digestion characteristics of cellulosic ethanol wastewater at 25, 35, 45, and 55 °C were investigated, and the microbial communities of the sludge sample were analyzed after fermentation. The results showed that the cumulative methane production was the highest at 55 °C, 906.40 ± 50.67 mL/g VS, which was 81.06, 72.42, and 13.33% higher than that at 25, 35, and 45 °C, respectively. The content of methane was 68.13, 49.26, 70.46, and 85.84% at the terminal period of fermentation at temperatures of 25, 35, 45, and 55 °C, respectively. The testing of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) indicated that the accumulation of VFAs did not occur when the fermentation was carried out at 25, 35, and 45 °C; however, the VFA content at 55 °C was much larger than that in the three groups (25, 35, and 45 °C), and the ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid was larger than 1.4 at the late stage of fermentation, so it inhibited the fermentation. The diversity of the microbial community indicated that the floral structure and metabolic pathway of fermentation were alike at 25 and 35 °C. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the main flora covering the 25-55 °C-based phylum or below it. The relative abundance of Methanosaeta was the highest when fermentation temperatures were 25 and 35 °C; however, its relative abundance decreased sharply and the relative abundance of Methanosarcina increased substantially when the temperature increased from 35 to 45 °C, which indicated that Methanosarcina can exist in higher temperatures. At the same time, hydrogenotrophic methanogens such as Methanoculleus and Methanothermobacter were dominant when fermentation temperatures were 45 and 55 °C, which indicated that the metabolic pathway changed from acetoclastic methanogenesis to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.
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Zhang B, Deng J, Xie J, Wu H, Wei C, Li Z, Qiu G, Wei C, Zhu S. Microbial community composition and function prediction involved in the hydrolytic bioreactor of coking wastewater treatment process. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:426. [PMID: 35751757 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic acidification process has a strong ability to conduct denitrogenation and increase the biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand ratio in O/H/O coking wastewater treatment system. More than 80% of the total nitrogen (TN) was removed in the hydrolytic bioreactor, and the hydrolytic acidification process contributed to the provision of carbon sources for the subsequent nitrification process. The structure and diversity of microbial communities were elaborated using high-throughput MiSeq of the 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonged to phyla Bacteroidetes, Betaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria were the dominant taxa involved in the denitrogenation and degradation of refractory contaminants in the hydrolytic bioreactor, with relative abundances of 22.94 ± 3.72, 29.77 ± 2.47, and 18.23 ± 0.26%, respectively. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that the OTUs belonged to the genera Thiobacillus, Rhodoplanes, and Hylemonella in the hydrolytic bioreactor strongly positively correlated with the chemical oxygen demand, TN, and the removal of phenolics, respectively. The results of a microbial co-occurrence network analysis showed that the OTUs belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genus Rhodoplanes had a significant impact on the efficiency of removal of contaminants that contained nitrogen in the hydrolytic bioreactor. The potential function profiling results indicate the complementarity of nitrogen metabolism, methane metabolism, and sulfur metabolism sub-pathways that were considered to play a significant role in the process of denitrification. These results provide new insights into the further optimization of the performance of the hydrolytic bioreactor in coking wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsi Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglei Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohai Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jung JH, Sim YB, Ko J, Park SY, Kim GB, Kim SH. Biohydrogen and biomethane production from food waste using a two-stage dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127094. [PMID: 35367325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined a two-stage dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) system for biohydrogen and biomethane production from food waste (FW) in mesophilic condition. The two-stage DMBR system enabled high-rate H2 and CH4 production from particulate feedstock by enhanced microorganism retention. Chemical energy in FW was recovered up to 79% as renewable energy. The highest average hydrogen production rate of 7.09 ± 0.42 L/L-d was observed at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h in the H2-DMBR, while the highest CH4 average production rate of 0.99 ± 0.02 L/L-d was observed at an HRT of 6 d in the CH4-DMBR. The high specific methanogenic activity of 71.7 mL CH4/g VSS-d was maintained at the short HRT, which also contributed to the high MPR. The genus Clostridium was dominant in the H2-DMBR, while bacterial and archaeal populations in the CH4-DMBR were dominated by the class Clostridia and genera Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyeong Jung
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Sim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeun Ko
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Beom Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Llamas M, Greses S, Tomás-Pejó E, González-Fernández C. Carboxylic acids production via anaerobic fermentation: Microbial communities' responses to stepwise and direct hydraulic retention time decrease. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126282. [PMID: 34752887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids, traditionally produced from fossil fuels, might be generated from renewable biomass resources via anaerobic fermentation. Considering that the microbial activity of this bioprocess is ruled by the imposed hydraulic retention time (HRT), this investigation explored the relationship between process stability and microbial community. Stepwise and direct HRT reduction strategies were assessed in terms of waste bioconversion into volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Microbial community dynamics revealed a microbial specialization along the HRT decrease. The direct implementation of low HRT resulted in drastic microbial fluctuations, leading to process failure at HRT below 6 days. Stepwise strategy for HRT reduction favored microbial adaptation, supporting maximum bioconversions efficiencies (32 % VFACOD/tCODin) at low HRT values (HRT 4 days). Microbial similarity analysis revealed Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales orders as keystone microorganisms involved in VFAs production, being responsible for protein degradation and propionic acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Llamas
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Greses
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Madrid, Spain
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Wang X, Lyu T, Dong R, Wu S. Revealing the link between evolution of electron transfer capacity of humic acid and key enzyme activities during anaerobic digestion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113914. [PMID: 34628280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is an important active compound formed during anaerobic digestion process, with a complex structure and dynamic electron transfer capacity (ETC). However, the mechanisms by which these macromolecular organic compounds dynamically interact with the microbial anaerobic digestion process at different operating temperatures are still unclear. In this study, the link between the evolution of the ETC of HAs and the microbial community under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions was investigated. The results showed an increasing trend in the ETC of HAs in both mesophilic (671-1479 μmol gHA-1) and thermophilic (774-1506 μmol gHA-1) anaerobic digestion (AD) until day 25. The ETC was positively correlated with the bacterial community of hydrolytic and acidogenic phases, but negatively correlated with the archaeal community of the methanogenic phase. Furthermore, the relationship between ETC and key enzyme activity was explored using a co-occurrence network analysis. HAs revealed a high potential to promote key enzyme activities during hydrolysis (amylase and protease) and acidification (acetate kinase, butyrate kinase, and phosphotransacetylase) while inhibiting the key enzyme activity in the methanogenic phase during the anaerobic digestion process. Moreover, HAs formed under thermophilic conditions had a greater influence on key enzyme activities than those formed under mesophilic conditions. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the influence of HAs on anaerobic digestion performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Lyu
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Renjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
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Kumar Awasthi M, Wainaina S, Mahboubi A, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ. Methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics in immersed membrane bioreactors during anaerobic co-digestion of different organic loading rates food waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125920. [PMID: 34534942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to evaluate the distinctive food waste (FW) organic loading rates (OLR) on methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics and its correlation with identified relative abundance of bacterial dynamics during the anaerobic digestion. This experiment were carried out in the digesters at high OLR of food wastes at (4 to 8 g volatile solids/liter/day reactor R1) and (6 to 10 g volatile solids/liter/day reactor R2). The results shown that the relative abundance of mcrA, mcrB and mcrG genes were richest in the first day of both R1 and R2. In addition, the most of nitrifying genes were greater in after 34 days digestion in R2, while these genes did not show the specific regularity in R1. Finally, the correlation figure shows that Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera were significantly correlated with the different organic acids and methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Steven Wainaina
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Amir Mahboubi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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Wang Y, Van Le Q, Yang H, Lam SS, Yang Y, Gu H, Sonne C, Peng W. Progress in microbial biomass conversion into green energy. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130835. [PMID: 33992848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increase in global population size over the past 100 decades has doubled the requirements for energy resources. To mitigate the limited fossil fuel available, new clean energy sources being environmental sustainable for replacement of traditional energy sources are explored to supplement the current scarcity. Biomass containing lignin and cellulose is the main raw material to replace fossil energy given its abundance and lower emission of greenhouse gases and NOx when transformed into energy. Bacteria, fungi and algae decompose lignocellulose leading to generation of hydrogen, methane, bioethanol and biodiesel being the clean energy used for heating, power generation and the automobile industry. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) uses microorganisms to decompose biomass in wastewater to generate electricity and remove heavy metals in wastewater. Biomass contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other biomacromolecules which need hydrolyzation for conversion into small molecules by corresponding enzymes in order to be utilized by microorganisms. This paper discusses microbial decomposition of biomass into clean energy and the five major ways of clean energy production, and its economic benefits for future renewable energy security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacheng Wang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Han Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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