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Bowen JL, Spivak AC, Bernhard AE, Fulweiler RW, Giblin AE. Salt marsh nitrogen cycling: where land meets sea. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:565-576. [PMID: 37827901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Salt marshes sit at the terrestrial-aquatic interface of oceans around the world. Unique features of salt marshes that differentiate them from their upland or offshore counterparts include high rates of primary production from vascular plants and saturated saline soils that lead to sharp redox gradients and a diversity of electron acceptors and donors. Moreover, the dynamic nature of root oxygen loss and tidal forcing leads to unique biogeochemical conditions that promote nitrogen cycling. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of key nitrogen cycling processes in salt marshes and discuss areas where additional research is needed to better predict how salt marsh N cycling will respond to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bowen
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA, USA.
| | - Amanda C Spivak
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne E Bernhard
- Biology Department, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA
| | - Robinson W Fulweiler
- Department of Earth and Environment, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne E Giblin
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, MA 02543, USA
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2
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Guo Z, Ma XS, Ni SQ. Journey of the swift nitrogen transformation: Unveiling comammox from discovery to deep understanding. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142093. [PMID: 38679176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
COMplete AMMonia OXidizer (comammox) refers to microorganisms that have the function of oxidizing NH4+ to NO3- alone. The discovery of comammox overturned the two-step theory of nitrification in the past century and triggered many important scientific questions about the nitrogen cycle in nature. This comprehensive review delves into the origin and discovery of comammox, providing a detailed account of its detection primers, clades metabolic variations, and environmental factors. An in-depth analysis of the ecological niche differentiation among ammonia oxidizers was also discussed. The intricate role of comammox in anammox systems and the relationship between comammox and nitrogen compound emissions are also discussed. Finally, the relationship between comammox and anammox is displayed, and the future research direction of comammox is prospected. This review reveals the metabolic characteristics and distribution patterns of comammox in ecosystems, providing new perspectives for understanding nitrogen cycling and microbial ecology. Additionally, it offers insights into the potential application value and prospects of comammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xue Song Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, 266237, China.
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3
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Shah AS, Hsu PC, Chisholm C, Podolyan A, Cameron K, Luo J, Stenger R, Carrick S, Hu W, Ferguson SA, Wei W, Shen J, Zhang L, Liu H, Zhao T, Wei W, Ding W, Pan H, Liu Y, Li B, Du J, Di HJ. Nitrification inhibitor chlorate and nitrogen substrates differentially affect comammox Nitrospira in a grassland soil. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1392090. [PMID: 38808273 PMCID: PMC11130707 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1392090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Through the combined use of two nitrification inhibitors, Dicyandiamide (DCD) and chlorate with nitrogen amendment, this study aimed to investigate the contribution of comammox Nitrospira clade B, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to nitrification in a high fertility grassland soil, in a 90-day incubation study. Methods The soil was treated with nitrogen (N) at three levels: 0 mg-N kg-1 soil, 50 mg-N kg-1 soil, and 700 mg-N kg-1 soil, with or without the two nitrification inhibitors. The abundance of comammox Nitrospira, AOA, AOB, and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) was measured using qPCR. The comammox Nitrospira community structure was assessed using Illumina sequencing. Results and Discussion The results showed that the application of chlorate inhibited the oxidation of both NH4+ and NO2- in all three nitrogen treatments. The application of chlorate significantly reduced the abundance of comammox Nitrospira amoA and nxrB genes across the 90-day experimental period. Chlorate also had a significant effect on the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) of the comammox Nitrospira clade B community. Whilst AOB grew in response to the N substrate additions and were inhibited by both inhibitors, AOA showed litle or no response to either the N substrate or inhibitor treatments. In contrast, comammox Nitrospira clade B were inhibited by the high ammonium concentrations released from the urine substrates. These results demonstrate the differential and niche responses of the three ammonia oxidising communities to N substrate additions and nitrification inhibitor treatments. Further research is needed to investigate the specificity of the two inhibitors on the different ammonia oxidising communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish S. Shah
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Pei-Chun Hsu
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Chris Chisholm
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Andriy Podolyan
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Keith Cameron
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Roland Stenger
- Lincoln Agritech, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sam Carrick
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Wei Hu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Scott A. Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wenhua Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Limei Zhang
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongke Zhao
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Wei
- Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Weixin Ding
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Pan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- Centre for Innovation and Development, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong J. Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Chisholm C, Di H, Cameron K, Podolyan A, Shen J, Zhang L, Sirisena K, Godsoe W. Contrasting response of comammox Nitrospira, ammonia oxidising bacteria, and archaea to soil pH and nitrogen inputs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171627. [PMID: 38471592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of soil pH change, and nitrogen amendment on ammonia oxidiser abundance and comammox Nitrospira community composition. The experimental design used soil mesocosms placed in a temperature-controlled incubator for 90 days. A Templeton silt loam was used as its physiochemical properties are typical of the region's dairy farms. The results showed that comammox Nitrospira clade B preferred the natural (pH 6.1-6.2) soil pH with no applied nitrogen. Furthermore, synthetic urine (N700) decreased the abundance of comammox Nitrospira clade B. This may have been because the large amounts of available ammonia in the N700 treatments inhibited the growth of comammox Nitrospira. These results suggest that while comammox Nitrospira clade B are present in New Zealand dairy farm soils, but their role in nitrification in the very high nitrogen environment under a urine patch in grazed pastures may be limited. Further research is needed to confirm this. In contrast to comammox, the AOB community (dominated by Nitrosospira) responded positively to the application of synthetic urine. The response was greatest in the high pH soil (7.1), followed by the natural and then the low pH (4.9) soils. This may be due to the difference in ammonia availability. At high pH, the ammonia/ammonium equilibrium favours ammonia production. Calculated ammonia availability in the N700 treatments accurately predicted the AOB amoA gene abundance. Interestingly, the AOA community abundance (which was predominantly made up of Thaumarchaeota group I.1b clade E) seemed to prefer the natural and high pH soils over the low pH. This may be due to the specific lineage of AOA present. AOA did not respond to the application of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chisholm
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - H Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - K Cameron
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Podolyan
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Shen
- Fujian Normal University, China
| | - L Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - K Sirisena
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W Godsoe
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, New Zealand
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Feng M, Lin Y, He ZY, Hu HW, Jin S, Liu J, Wan S, Cheng Y, He JZ. Higher stochasticity in comammox Nitrospira community assembly in upland soils than the adjacent paddy soils at a regional scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171227. [PMID: 38402820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the assembly mechanisms of microbial communities, particularly comammox Nitrospira, in agroecosystems is crucial for sustainable agriculture. However, the large-scale distribution and assembly processes of comammox Nitrospira in agricultural soils remain largely elusive. We investigated comammox Nitrospira abundance, community structure, and assembly processes in 16 paired upland peanuts and water-logged paddy soils in south China. Higher abundance, richness, and network complexity of comammox Nitrospira were observed in upland soils than in paddy soils, indicating a preference for upland soils over paddy soils among comammox Nitrospira taxa in agricultural environments. Clade A.2.1 and clade A.1 were the predominant comammox Nitrospira taxa in upland and paddy soils, respectively. Soil pH was the most crucial factor shaping comammox Nitrospira community structure. Stochastic processes were found to predominantly drive comammox Nitrospira community assembly in both upland and paddy soils, with deterministic processes playing a more important role in paddy soils than in upland soils. Overall, our findings demonstrate the higher stochasticity of comammox Nitrospira in upland soils than in the adjacent paddy soils, which may have implications for autotrophic nitrification in acidic agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yongxin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Zi-Yang He
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shengsheng Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Song Wan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yuheng Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Krüger M, Chaudhari N, Thamdrup B, Overholt WA, Bristow LA, Taubert M, Küsel K, Jehmlich N, von Bergen M, Herrmann M. Differential contribution of nitrifying prokaryotes to groundwater nitrification. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1601-1611. [PMID: 37422599 PMCID: PMC10504367 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The ecophysiology of complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (CMX) of the genus Nitrospira and their widespread occurrence in groundwater suggests that CMX bacteria have a competitive advantage over ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in these environments. However, the specific contribution of their activity to nitrification processes has remained unclear. We aimed to disentangle the contribution of CMX, AOA and AOB to nitrification and to identify the environmental drivers of their niche differentiation at different levels of ammonium and oxygen in oligotrophic carbonate rock aquifers. CMX ammonia monooxygenase sub-unit A (amoA) genes accounted on average for 16 to 75% of the total groundwater amoA genes detected. Nitrification rates were positively correlated to CMX clade A associated phylotypes and AOB affiliated with Nitrosomonas ureae. Short-term incubations amended with the nitrification inhibitors allylthiourea and chlorate suggested that AOB contributed a large fraction to overall ammonia oxidation, while metaproteomics analysis confirmed an active role of CMX in both ammonia and nitrite oxidation. Ecophysiological niche differentiation of CMX clades A and B, AOB and AOA was linked to their requirements for ammonium, oxygen tolerance, and metabolic versatility. Our results demonstrate that despite numerical predominance of CMX, the first step of nitrification in oligotrophic groundwater appears to be primarily governed by AOB. Higher growth yields at lower ammonia turnover rates and energy derived from nitrite oxidation most likely enable CMX to maintain consistently high populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Krüger
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Narendrakumar Chaudhari
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bo Thamdrup
- Department of Biology, Nordcee-University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Will A Overholt
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura A Bristow
- Department of Biology, Nordcee-University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Taubert
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Herrmann
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Yuan D, Fu C, Zheng L, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Wu H, Tian Q. Abundance, community and driving factor of nitrifiers in western China plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116565. [PMID: 37419201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) is one of the most important biogeochemical processes, with recent studies showing that comammox process dominates nitrification in many ecosystems. However, the abundance, community and driving factor of comammox bacteria and other nitrifying microorganisms in plateau wetland is still unclear. Here, the abundances and community features of comammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the wetland sediments of western China plateaus were examined using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing. The results indicate that comammox bacteria were more abundant than AOA and AOB, and dominated the nitrification process. Compared with low-elevation samples (below 3000 m: samples 6-10, 12, 13, 15, 16), the abundance of comammox bacteria was much higher at high-elevation samples (above 3000 m: samples 1-5, 11, 14, 17, 18). The key species of AOA, AOB, and comammox bacteria were Nitrososphaera viennensis, Nitrosomonas europaea, and Nitrospira nitrificans, respectively. The key factor affecting comammox bacteria community was elevation. Elevation could increase the interaction links of key species Nitrospira nitrificans, resulting in high comammox bacterial abundance. The results of this study advance our knowledge of comammox bacteria in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chaochen Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Lin Y, Tang KW, Ye G, Yang P, Hu HW, Tong C, Zheng Y, Feng M, Deng M, He ZY, He JZ. Community assembly of comammox Nitrospira in coastal wetlands across southeastern China. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0080723. [PMID: 37671870 PMCID: PMC10537594 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00807-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox Nitrospira) are ubiquitous in coastal wetland sediments and play an important role in nitrification. Our study examined the impact of habitat modifications on comammox Nitrospira communities in coastal wetland sediments across tropical and subtropical regions of southeastern China. Samples were collected from 21 coastal wetlands in five provinces where native mudflats were invaded by Spartina alterniflora and subsequently converted to aquaculture ponds. The results showed that comammox Nitrospira abundances were mainly influenced by sediment grain size rather than by habitat modifications. Compared to S. alterniflora marshes and native mudflats, aquaculture pond sediments had lower comammox Nitrospira diversity, lower clade A.1 abundance, and higher clade A.2 abundance. Sulfate concentration was the most important factor controlling the diversity of comammox Nitrospira. The response of comammox Nitrospira community to habitat change varied significantly by location, and environmental variables accounted for only 11.2% of the variations in community structure across all sites. In all three habitat types, dispersal limitation largely controlled the comammox Nitrospira community assembly process, indicating the stochastic nature of these sediment communities in coastal wetlands. IMPORTANCE Comammox Nitrospira have recently gained attention for their potential role in nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soil and sediment. However, their distribution and assembly in impacted coastal wetland are poorly understood, particularly on a large spatial scale. Our study provides novel evidence that the effects of habitat modification on comammox Nitrospira communities are dependent on the location of the wetland. We also found that the assembly of comammox Nitrospira communities in coastal wetlands was mainly governed by stochastic processes. Nevertheless, sediment grain size and sulfate concentration were identified as key variables affecting comammox Nitrospira abundance and diversity in coastal sediments. These findings are significant as they advance our understanding of the environmental adaptation of comammox Nitrospira and how future landscape modifications may impact their abundance and diversity in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kam W. Tang
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Guiping Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chuan Tong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Research Centre of Wetlands in Subtropical Region, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Milin Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zi-Yang He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ding H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Hu M, Wen J, Li S, Bao Y, Zhao J. Community composition and abundance of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) bacteria in the Lancang River cascade reservoir. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114907. [PMID: 37059014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the reservoir has changed the nitrogen migration and transformation processes in the river, and a large amount of sediment deposition in the reservoir may also lead to the spatial differentiation of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) bacteria. The study investigated the abundance and diversity of comammox bacteria in the sediments of three cascade reservoirs, namely, Xiaowan, Manwan, and Nuozhadu on the Lancang River in China. In these reservoirs, the average amoA gene abundance of clade A and clade B of comammox bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was 4.16 ± 0.85 × 105, 1.15 ± 0.33 × 105, 7.39 ± 2.31 × 104, and 3.28 ± 0.99 × 105 copies g-1, respectively. The abundance of clade A was higher than that of other ammonia oxidizing microorganisms. The spatial variation of comammox bacteria abundance differed among different reservoirs, but the spatial variation trends of the two clades of comammox bacteria in the same reservoir were similar. At each sampling point, clade A1, clade A2, and clade B coexisted, and clade A2 was usually the dominant species. The connection between comammox bacteria in the pre-dam sediments was looser than that in non-pre-dam sediments, and comammox bacteria in pre-dam sediments exhibited a simpler network structure. The main factor affecting comammox bacteria abundance was NH4+-N, while altitude, temperature, and conductivity of overlying water were the main factors affecting comammox bacteria diversity. Environmental changes caused by differences in the spatial distribution of these cascade reservoirs may be the main driver of the changes of community composition and abundance of comammox bacteria. This study confirms that the construction of cascade reservoirs results in niche spatial differentiation of comammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yufei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 10038, China; Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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10
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Daebeler A, Güell‐Bujons Q, Mooshammer M, Zechmeister T, Herbold CW, Richter A, Wagner M, Daims H. Rapid nitrification involving comammox and canonical Nitrospira at extreme pH in saline-alkaline lakes. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1055-1067. [PMID: 36651641 PMCID: PMC10947350 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) catalyse the second nitrification step and are the main biological source of nitrate. The most diverse and widespread NOB genus is Nitrospira, which also contains complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) that oxidize ammonia to nitrate. To date, little is known about the occurrence and biology of comammox and canonical nitrite oxidizing Nitrospira in extremely alkaline environments. Here, we studied the seasonal distribution and diversity, and the effect of short-term pH changes on comammox and canonical Nitrospira in sediments of two saline, highly alkaline lakes. We identified diverse canonical and comammox Nitrospira clade A-like phylotypes as the only detectable NOB during more than a year, suggesting their major importance for nitrification in these habitats. Gross nitrification rates measured in microcosm incubations were highest at pH 10 and considerably faster than reported for other natural, aquatic environments. Nitrification could be attributed to canonical and comammox Nitrospira and to Nitrososphaerales ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Furthermore, our data suggested that comammox Nitrospira contributed to ammonia oxidation at an extremely alkaline pH of 11. These results identify saline, highly alkaline lake sediments as environments of uniquely strong nitrification with novel comammox Nitrospira as key microbial players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Daebeler
- University of ViennaCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyViennaAustria
- Biology Centre CAS, BudweisInstitute of Soil Biology and BiogeochemistryCzechia
| | - Queralt Güell‐Bujons
- University of ViennaCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyViennaAustria
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37‐49BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Craig W. Herbold
- University of ViennaCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Wagner
- University of ViennaCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyViennaAustria
- The Comammox Research PlatformUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Holger Daims
- University of ViennaCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial EcologyViennaAustria
- The Comammox Research PlatformUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Jin H, Chen J, Zhou K, Chen J, Chen J, Zhu G. Effects of dam building on the occurrence and activity of comammox bacteria in river sediments and their contribution to nitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161167. [PMID: 36572300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) has fundamentally changed our understanding of nitrification. However, studies on the occurrence and activity of comammox bacteria and their contribution to nitrification remain unclear. Here, we investigated the abundance, activity, and diversity of comammox bacteria and their contribution to nitrification in sediments from dammed rivers in winter and summer. Our results indicated that comammox clade A was ubiquitous in all sediment samples and the community structure in comammox varied between the upper and lower reaches, but not on the time scale (winter and summer). Comammox activity in the dammed river sediments in summer was prominently higher than in winter (summer: 1.08 ± 0.52; winter: 0.197 ± 0.148 mg N kg-1 day-1). Furthermore, the activity of comammox bacteria in summer appeared higher in the vicinity of the dammed river and in the Sanjiang estuary, which is located downstream of the dammed river. The activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (0.77 ± 0.478 mg N kg-1 day-1) was higher compared to comammox (0.639 ± 0.588 mg N kg-1 day-1) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) (0.026 ± 0.022 mg N kg-1 day-1) in both winter and summer. In terms of contribution to the nitrification process, AOB (winter: 67.13 ± 12.21 %; summer: 50.57 ± 16.14 %) outperformed comammox (winter: 28.59 ± 12.51 %; summer: 48.38 ± 16.62 %) and AOA (winter: <7.39 %; summer: <2.09 %). These findings indicated that the nitrification process in dammed river sediments was mainly dominated by AOB. Additionally, comammox activity was significantly affected by temperature and NH4+, suggesting that these variables were key determinants of the niche partitioning of comammox. Collectively, our findings provide novel perspectives into the widespread distribution and contribution of comammox to nitrification in dammed river ecosystems, thus broadening our understanding of the nitrification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Wang
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Huixia Jin
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Ningbo River Management Center, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ketao Zhou
- Ningbo River Management Center, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinxi Chen
- NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinfang Chen
- College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Chisholm C, Di HJ, Cameron K, Podolyan A, Shah A, Hsu L, Shen J. Soil moisture is a primary driver of comammox Nitrospira abundance in New Zealand soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159961. [PMID: 36343813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the abundance and community composition of comammox Nitrospira under: (i) pasture-based dairy farms from different regions, and (ii) different land uses from the same region and soil type. The results clearly showed that comammox Nitrospira were most abundant (3.0 × 106 copies) under the west coast dairy farm conditions, where they were also significantly more abundant than canonical ammonia oxidisers. This was also true in the Canterbury dairy farm. The six land uses investigated were pine monoculture, a long term no input ecological trial, sheep + beef and Dairy, both irrigated and non-irrigated. It was concluded that comammox Nitrospira was most abundant under the irrigated dairy farm (2.7 × 106 copies). Contrary to the current industry opinion, the relatively high abundance of comammox Nitrospira under fertile irrigated dairy land suggests that comammox Nitrospira found in terrestrial ecosystems may be copiotrophic. it was also determined that comammox Nitrospira was more abundant under irrigated land use than their non-irrigated counterparts, suggesting that soil moisture is a key environmental parameter influencing comammox abundance. Comammox abundance was also positively correlated with annual rainfall, further supporting this theory. Phylogenetic analysis of the comammox Nitrospira detected determined that 17 % of the comammox community belonged to a newly distinguished subclade, clade B.2. The remaining 83 % belonged to clade B.1. No sequences from clade A were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Chisholm
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hong J Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Keith Cameron
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andriy Podolyan
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anish Shah
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Hsu
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
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13
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Gao P, Fan K, Zhang G, Yin X, Jia C, Tian H. Coal-mining subsidence changed distribution of the microbiomes and their functional genes in a farmland. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:542-557. [PMID: 36646520 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Land subsidence is a serious geological event, and can trigger severe environmental and ecological issues. In this study, the influences of coal-mining subsidence on distribution of farmland microbiomes and their functional genes were investigated by 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and metagenome sequencing. The results showed the existence of a core microbiome, which determined the community compositions across the subsidence farmland. Subsidence decreased the relative abundances of dominant Streptomyces, Nocardioides, and Rhizophagus, but increased the relative abundances of dominant Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium, and Trichoderma. Subsidence also decreased the relative abundances of genes related to carbon metabolism, Quorum sensing, aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation, and increased the relative abundances of genes related to two-component system and bacterial chemotaxis. Furthermore, subsidence weakened the biosynthesis of organic carbons by decreasing the relative abundances of genes encoding glycosyl transferases, and strengthened decomposition of degradable organic carbons of the microbiomes and auxiliary activities by increasing the relative abundances of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases. The concentrations of total phosphorus, Mg2+ , and Ca2+ at the lower areas were significantly higher than those at the upper areas, indicating an associated loss of soil nutrients. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that soil moisture, pH, and the concentrations of NH4 + and Ca2+ were the main factors affecting the distribution of the microbiomes and their functional genes. Collectively, this study shows that coal-mining subsidence alters soil physicochemical properties and distribution of farmland microbiomes and their functional genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Keyan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Technology Innovation Center of Restoration and Reclamation in Mining induced Subsidence Land, Ministry of Natural Resources, China.,Shandong Provincial Lunan Geology and Exploration Institute (Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources No.2 Geological Brigade), Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanxing Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China.,Technology Innovation Center of Restoration and Reclamation in Mining induced Subsidence Land, Ministry of Natural Resources, China
| | - Huimei Tian
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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14
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Yuan D, Zheng L, Liu YX, Cheng H, Ding A, Wang X, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Xie E, Wu H, Wang S, Zhu G. Nitrifiers Cooperate to Produce Nitrous Oxide in Plateau Wetland Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:810-821. [PMID: 36459424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The thawing of dormant plateau permafrost emits nitrous oxide (N2O) through wetlands; however, the N2O production mechanism in plateau wetlands is still unclear. Here, we used the 15N-18O double tracer technique and metagenomic sequencing to analyze the N2O production mechanism in the Yunnan-Kweichow and Qinghai-Tibet plateau wetlands during the summer of 2020. N2O production activity was detected in all 16 sediment samples (elevation 1020-4601 m: 2.55 ± 0.42-26.38 ± 3.25 ng N g-1 d-1) and was promoted by nitrifier denitrification (ND). The key functional genes of ND (amoA, hao, and nirK) belonged to complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and the key ND species was the comammox bacterium Nitrospira nitrificans. We found that the comammox bacterial species N. nitrificans and the ammonia oxidizing bacterial (AOB) species Nitrosomonas europaea cooperate to produce N2O in the plateau wetland sediments. Furthermore, we inferred that environmental factors (elevation and total organic matter (TOM)) influence the cooperation pattern via N. nitrificans, thus affecting the N2O production activity in the plateau wetland sediments. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of nitrifiers in biogeochemical cycles and global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Yong-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - En Xie
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing100083, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
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15
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Lin Y, Ye G, Hu HW, Yang P, Wan S, Feng M, He ZY, He JZ. Plant Species-Driven Distribution of Individual Clades of Comammox Nitrospira in a Subtropical Estuarine Wetland. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:209-220. [PMID: 35034141 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant species play a crucial role in mediating the activity and community structure of soil microbiomes through differential inputs of litter and rhizosphere exudates, but we have a poor understanding of how plant species influence comammox Nitrospira, a newly discovered ammonia oxidizer with pivotal functionality. Here, we investigate the abundance, diversity, and community structure of comammox Nitrospira underneath five plant species and a bare tidal flat at three soil depths in a subtropical estuarine wetland. Plant species played a critical role in driving the distribution of individual clades of comammox Nitrospira, explaining 59.3% of the variation of community structure. Clade A.1 was widely detected in all samples, while clades A.2.1, A.2.2, A.3 and B showed plant species-dependent distribution patterns. Compared with the native species Cyperus malaccensis, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora increased the network complexity and changed the community structure of comammox Nitrospira, while the invasive effects from Kandelia obovata and Phragmites australis were relatively weak. Soil depths significantly influenced the community structure of comammox Nitrospira, but the effect was much weaker than that from plant species. Altogether, our results highlight the previously unrecognized critical role of plant species in driving the distribution of comammox Nitrospira in a subtropical estuarine wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Guiping Ye
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Song Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zi-Yang He
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Ji-Zheng He
- State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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16
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Gottshall EY, Godfrey B, Li B, Abrahamson B, Qin W, Winkler M. Photoinhibition of comammox reaction in Nitrospira inopinata in a dose- and wavelength-dependent manner. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022899. [PMID: 36590435 PMCID: PMC9797979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apparent contribution of complete ammonia-oxidizing organisms (comammox) to the global nitrogen cycle highlights the necessity for understanding niche differentiation of comammox bacteria among other ammonia oxidizers. While the high affinity for ammonia of the comammox species Nitrospira inopinata suggests their niche partitioning is expected to be centered in oligotrophic environments, their absence in nutrient-depleted environments (such as the oceans) suggests that other (abiotic) factors might control their distribution and spatial localization within microbial communities. Many ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing organisms are sensitive to light; however, the photosensitivity of comammox has not been explored. Since comammox bacteria encode enzymatic machinery homologous to canonical ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizers, we hypothesized that comammox N. inopinata, the only available pure culture of this group of microorganisms, may be inhibited by illumination in a similar manner. We evaluated the impact of light intensity, wavelength, and duration on the degree of photoinhibition for cultures of the comammox species N. inopinata and the soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrososphaera viennensis. Both species were highly sensitive to light. Interestingly, mimicking diurnal light exposure caused an uncoupling of ammonia and nitrite oxidation in N. inopinata, indicating nitrite oxidation might be more sensitive to light exposure than ammonia oxidation. It is likely that light influences comammox spatial distribution in natural environments such as surface fresh waters according to diurnal cycles, light attenuation coefficients, and the light penetration depths. Our findings therefore provide ecophysiological insights for further studies on comammox both in field and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Y. Gottshall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Ekaterina Y. Gottshall,
| | - Bruce Godfrey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Britt Abrahamson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Mari Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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17
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Pornkulwat P, Khan E, Powtongsook S, Mhuantong W, Chawengkijwanich C, Limpiyakorn T. Influence of ammonia and NaCl on nitrifying community and activity: Implications for formulating nitrifying culture augmentation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155132. [PMID: 35405242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation of nitrifying cultures can accelerate nitrification during startup and transition periods of recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) operations. To formulate nitrifying cultures for RASs, impacts of ammonia and salinity (NaCl) on culturing nitrifying microorganisms were comprehensively investigated by including currently known groups of nitrifying microorganisms (ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), comammox, Nitrospira, and Nitrobacter). By varying ammonia loading rate (ALRs of 1.6, 8, 20, 40, 60 and 150 mgN/L/d) of continuous-flow bioreactors fed with inorganic medium experimented for culture preparation, cultures containing distinct patterns of nitrifying communities were produced. Operating the reactors at the ALRs of ≤40 mgN/L/d, resulting in the effluent total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite concentrations of ≤2.64 and ≤0.53 mgN/L, respectively, delivered the consortia consisting of a broad spectrum of substrate affinity nitrifying microorganisms. At the lower ranges of these ALRs (≤8 mgN/L/d), the most desirable consortia comprising comparable numbers of AOB, AOA, and comammox could be produced (the effluent TAN concentrations of ≤0.20 mgN/L), which would be resilient for applying in various RAS types. Enriching the cultures at the ALRs of ≥60 mgN/L/d allowed only the nitrifying microorganisms with low substrate affinity to dominate, incongruent with the consortia found in actual RASs. AOB were adaptable at all salinity studied (2, 15, and 30 g/L), while AOA and comammox were sensitive to elevated salinity (15 and 30 g/L, respectively). The ammonia removal rate of a culture prepared at 2 g/L salinity decreased largely when applied at 15 and 30 g/L. In contrast, those prepared at 15 and 30 g/L were more robust to different salinity. Separately preparing the cultures at different salinity for uses in freshwater-low salinity and brackish-marine RASs is recommended. The findings of this work enhance our understanding on how to formulate nitrifying culture augmentation for used in different RAS types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Pornkulwat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA
| | - Sorawit Powtongsook
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Marine Biotechnology, Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- Environmental Nanotechnology Research Team, National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC-CU on Environment, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Research Unit Control of Emerging Micropollutants in Environment, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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18
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Bai X, Hu X, Liu J, Gu H, Jin J, Liu X, Wang G. Evaluation of four primer sets for analysis of comammox communities in black soils. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:944373. [PMID: 35958136 PMCID: PMC9362984 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.944373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comammox, as a newly discovered ammonia oxidizer, urgently needs highly efficient and specific primers to detect its community structure and diversity. In this study, the performance of widely used primer set Ntsp-amoA 162F/359R and newly designed primer sets comamoA F/R, CA377f/C576r, and CB377f/C576r were evaluated, for high-throughput sequencing of comammox amoA genes in natural and arable soils sampled from two locations in the black soil region of northeast China. Results showed that, compared with the primer set comamoA F/R, primers Ntsp-amoA 162F/359R had more advantages in detecting comammox operational taxonomic unit (OTU) numbers, diversity, and community structure. The primer sets CA377f/C576r and CB377f/C576r had an advantage in detecting comammox sequences with low relative abundance. In addition, the results of the phylogenetic tree and the relative abundance of dominant OTUs showed that the comammox in the black soils of northeast China was dominated by Nitrospira Clade B. Furthermore, our study found that long-term land use reduced the alpha diversity of the comammox community, but lead to the convergent evolution of community structure. The Mantel test and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that soil NO3–-N content was the most important factor affecting the community structure of comammox. Our study provided experience accumulation for the selection of comammox primers for high-throughput sequencing in the black soil of northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haidong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Guanghua Wang,
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19
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Zhu G, Wang X, Wang S, Yu L, Armanbek G, Yu J, Jiang L, Yuan D, Guo Z, Zhang H, Zheng L, Schwark L, Jetten MSM, Yadav AK, Zhu YG. Towards a more labor-saving way in microbial ammonium oxidation: A review on complete ammonia oxidization (comammox). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154590. [PMID: 35306060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, nitrogen pollution is becoming an increasing challenge for both mankind and the Earth system. Microbial nitrogen cycling begins with aerobic nitrification, which is also the key rate-limiting step. For over a century, it has been accepted that nitrification occurs sequentially involving ammonia oxidation, which produces nitrite followed by nitrite oxidation, generating nitrate. This perception was changed by the discovery of comammox Nitrospira bacteria and their metabolic pathway. In addition, this also provided us with new knowledge concerning the complex nitrogen cycle network. In the comammox process, ammonia can be completely oxidized to nitrate in one cell via the subsequent activity of the enzyme complexes, ammonia monooxygenase, hydroxylamine dehydrogenase, and nitrite oxidodreductase. Over the past five years, research on comammox made great progress. However, there still exist a lot of questions, including how much does comammox contribute to nitrification? How large is the diversity and are there new strains to be discovered? Do comammox bacteria produce the greenhouse gas N2O, and how or to which extent may they contribute to global climate change? The above four aspects are of great significance on the farmland nitrogen management, aquatic environment restoration, and mitigation of global climate change. As large number of comammox bacteria and pathways have been detected in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, indicating that the comammox process may exert an important role in the global nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longbin Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gawhar Armanbek
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhongrui Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lorenz Schwark
- Institute for Geosciences, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 36525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Asheesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environment and Sustainability, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Zhang SN, Wang JG, Wang DQ, Jiang QY, Quan ZX. Abundance and Niche Differentiation of Comammox in the Sludges of Wastewater Treatment Plants That Use the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Aerobic Process. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070954. [PMID: 35888046 PMCID: PMC9322089 DOI: 10.3390/life12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), which directly oxidize ammonia to nitrate, were recently identified and found to be ubiquitous in artificial systems. Research on the abundance and niche differentiation of comammox in the sludges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) would be useful for improving the nitrogen removal efficiency of WWTPs. Here, we investigated the relative abundance and diversity of comammox in fifteen sludges of five WWTPs that use the anaerobic−anoxic−aerobic process in Jinan, China, via quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and ammonia monooxygenase gene. In the activated sludges in the WWTPs, comammox clade A.1 was widely distributed and mostly comprised Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa-like comammox (>98% of all comammox). The proportion of this clade was negatively correlated (p < 0.01) with the dissolved oxygen (DO) level (1.7−8 mg/L), and slight pH changes (7.20−7.70) affected the structure of the comammox populations. Nitrospira lineage I frequently coexisted with Nitrosomonas, which generally had a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the DO level. Our study provided an insight into the structure of comammox and other nitrifier populations in WWTPs that use the anaerobic−anoxic−aerobic process, broadening the knowledge about the effects of DO on comammox and other nitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiu-Yue Jiang
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.J.); (Z.-X.Q.); Tel.: +86-21-3124-0665 (Z.-X.Q.)
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Correspondence: (Q.-Y.J.); (Z.-X.Q.); Tel.: +86-21-3124-0665 (Z.-X.Q.)
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21
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Zhang J, Hu M, Wang Y, Zhao J, Li S, Bao Y, Wen J, Hu J, Zhou M. Niche differentiation of comammox Nitrospira in sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir typical tributaries, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6820. [PMID: 35474096 PMCID: PMC9042867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10948-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete ammonia oxidizer (Comammox) can complete the whole nitrification process independently, whose niche differentiation is important guarantee for its survival and ecological function. This study investigated the niche differentiation of comammox Nitrospira in the sediments of three typical tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Clade A and clade B of comammox Nitrospira coexisted in all sampling sites simultaneously. The amoA gene abundance of clade A and B was gradually increased or decreased along the flow path of the three tributaries with obvious spatial differentiation. The amoA gene abundance of comammox Nitrospira clade A (6.36 × 103 - 5.06 × 104 copies g-1 dry sediment) was higher than that of clade B (6.26 × 102 - 6.27 × 103 copies g-1 dry sediment), and the clade A amoA gene abundance was one order of magnitude higher than that of AOA (7.24 × 102 - 6.89 × 103 copies g-1 dry sediment) and AOB (1.44 × 102 - 1.46 × 103 copies g-1 dry sediment). A significant positive correlation was observed between comammox Nitrospira clade A amoA gene abundance and flow distance (P < 0.05). The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in two sub-clades of clade A accounted for the majority in different tributaries, indicating that clade A also had population differentiation among different tributaries. This study revealed that comammox Nitrospira in the sediments of TGR tributaries have niche differentiation and clade A.2 played a more crucial role in comammox Nitrospira community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, 10038, People's Republic of China.,Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zhou
- Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yuan D, Zheng L, Tan Q, Wang X, Xing Y, Wang H, Wang S, Zhu G. Comammox activity dominates nitrification process in the sediments of plateau wetland. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117774. [PMID: 34757282 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) has increased our understanding of nitrification. Although comammox has been shown to play an important role in plain wetland ecosystems, studies of comammox contribution are still limited in plateau wetland ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the abundance, activity, community and biogeochemical mechanisms of the comammox bacteria in Yunnan-kweichow and Qinghai-Tibet plateau wetlands from elevations of 1000-5000 m. Comammox bacteria were widely distributed in all 16 sediment samples with abundances higher than 0.96 ± 0.26 × 107 copies g-1 (n = 16). Comammox showed high activity (1.18 ± 0.17 to 1.98 ± 0.08 mg N kg-1 d-1) at high-elevation (3000-5000 m) and dominated the nitrification process (activity contribution: 37.20 - 60.62%). The activity contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (1.07 ± 0.08 to 2.79 ± 0.35 mg N kg-1 d-1) dominated the nitrification process (44.55 - 64.15%) in low-elevation (1000-3000 m) samples. All detected comammox Nitrospira belonged to clade A, while clade B was not detected. Elevation always had a strongest effect on key comammox species. Thus, we infer that elevation may drive the high relative abundance of the species Candidatus Nitrospira nitrificans (avg. 12.40%) and the low relative abundance of the species Nitrospira sp. SG-bin2 (avg. 4.75%) in high-elevation samples that showed a high comammox activity (avg. 1.62 mg N kg-1 d-1) and high contribution (avg. 46.08%) to the nitrification process. These results indicate that comammox may be an important and currently underestimated microbial nitrification process in plateau wetland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdan Yuan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Qiuyang Tan
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuzi Xing
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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